[On the use of the brilliancy amplifier in surgery of the lower choledochus].
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Cholecystectomy↗
Biomedical subjects
G Pelletier
Publications and source records attributed to G Pelletier.
[Study of the role of sugars in the resistance of potatoes to bacterial rot].
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Carbohydrates↗
Formation of endospores in Verticillium albo-atrum (R. & B.).
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Mitosporic Fungi↗
A randomized clinical trial of supplementary parenteral nutrition in jaundiced alcoholic cirrhotic patients.
Between March 1982 and September 1983, 40 inpatients (25 men and 15 women, mean age 53 years) with alcoholic cirrhosis and total serum bilirubin greater than or equal to 5 mg per dl were studied. Those with hepatocellular carcinoma, renal failure, hyponatremia, septicemia, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hepatic coma were excluded. Patients were studied for 28 days. The two groups were offered an oral diet containing 40 kcal per kg per day. Patients in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group received 40 kcal per kg per day and 200 mg nitrogen per kg per day using a central catheter. The major endpoint was total serum bilirubin on Day 28. On admission, serum bilirubin was not significantly different in the two groups: oral group, 12.5 +/- 6.6 mg per dl; supplementary parenteral nutrition group, 12.3 +/- 8.5 mg per dl. On Day 28, serum bilirubin was lower in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group (2.5 +/- 1.4 mg per dl) than in the oral group (4.1 +/- 2.2 mg per dl) (p less than 0.02). Serum bilirubin was also lower in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group than in the oral group on Days 7, 14 and 21 (p less than 0.05). Analysis of covariance, considering serum bilirubin on admission and at randomization and time between admission and randomization, confirmed these results. On Day 28, anthropometric parameters, serum transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein were higher in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group, but the differences were not significant. Serum albumin was significantly lower in the supplementary parenteral nutrition group. The incidence of encephalopathy and sepsis was not significantly different between the two groups.
Adult↗
Recovery of gonadal functions in the adult male rat following cessation of five-month daily treatment with an LHRH agonist.
This study describes the recovery of various parameters of the pituitary-gonadal axis following five months of daily treatment of adult male rats with a potent LHRH (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) agonist. Two-month-old male rats were treated daily with either 250 ng or 1 microgram of [D-Ser(TBU)6, des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide (LHRH-A) s.c. for five months. At the end of treatment, prostate weights were within normal limits and seminal vesicle weights were only slightly decreased. While normal values were found three months following cessation of treatment, it was observed, somewhat unexpectedly, that ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weights were increased by 66 and 54%, respectively, five months after cessation of treatment with the 1 microgram daily dose of LHRH-A. Immediately following the five-month treatment period with either dose of the LHRH agonist, basal testicular levels of pregnenolone, progesterone (P), 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH-P), androstenedione, testosterone, androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were decreased, while the concentrations of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and 17 beta-estradiol were increased. Three months following cessation of treatment, all basal testicular steroid levels had returned to normal except pregnenolone, P, 17-OH-P and androstenedione, which were still reduced by 40 to 60%. Five months following cessation of treatment, on the other hand, basal levels of all testicular steroids were 40 to 200% increased in the animals having received either dose of the LHRH agonist. The testicular steroidogenic responsiveness was measured 2 hours following the subcutaneous administration of 10 micrograms oLH. Following five months of daily treatment with the LHRH agonist, the main findings are a decreased response of pregnenolone, P, 17-OH-P and androst-5-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, and an increased DHT, 3 alpha-diol and androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol responsiveness. Three months post-treatment, on the other hand, particularly at the higher dose of LHRH agonist, there was an increased responsiveness of androstenedione, T, DHT and 3 alpha-diol, a finding which was maintained after two additional months of recovery. Degenerative changes were observed in most tubules following five months of LHRH-A treatment. While most tubules returned to normal five months later, some tubules still showed degenerative changes. Plasma LH measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was elevated after five months of treatment with the daily 1 microgram dose, but all other values were within normal limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Radioautographic localization of beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat ventral prostate.
Previous studies performed with crude homogenates have demonstrated the presence of beta-adrenergic receptors in the rat ventral prostate. The precise localization of these receptors in prostatic tissue, however, has not been determined. The present study describes the localization of beta-adrenergic receptors using in vitro radioautography. beta-adrenergic receptors are present exclusively in the epithelial cells, while no receptors could be detected in the stromal cells. The silver grains mostly are associated with the apical pole of the glandular cells and are much less concentrated in the basal nuclear region of the epithelium. Very low concentrations of grains are found in the lumen of the acini. Castration caused a dramatic fall in the receptor concentration, while treatment with dihydrotestosterone reversed these effects. The specific presence of beta-adrenergic receptors in prostatic epithelial cells and their control by androgens suggest that they could play a physiologic role in androgen action in prostatic tissue. Moreover, the level and activity of beta-adrenergic receptors could be used as parameters of prostatic activity.
Animals↗
Characterization and localization of beta-adrenergic receptors in control and cryptorchidized rat testis by in vitro autoradiography.
beta-adrenergic receptors were localized and characterized in control and cryptorchidized rats to investigate further their role in testicular function. Slide-mounted cryostat sections were incubated with [125I]cyanopindolol, a specific ligand for beta-adrenergic receptors. The subtypes were characterized by the displacement of [125I]cyanopindolol binding by practolol, which binds preferentially to the beta 1 subtype, and zinterol, which is preferential for beta 2 receptors. Labeling was detected by autoradiography, first by exposing sections to Ultrofilm (LKB) and second by dipping slides in NTB-2 Kodak photographic emulsion. The histologic distribution of receptors was analyzed by counting silver grains overlying the testicular structures. It was found that the vast majority of receptors were of the beta 2-subtype. In intact rats, the greatest density of receptors was found in interstitial cells, with some specific labeling over the seminiferous tubules. However, in cryptorchidized animals, the proportion of beta 2 receptors in tubules that contained mainly Sertoli cells appeared to be markedly increased. The results obtained suggest that catecholamines have multiple sites of action in the testis.
Animals↗
Radioautographic localization of atrial natriuretic factor receptors in the rat testis.
Recent data have suggested that atrial natriuretic factors (ANFs) can modulate Leydig cell functions. An in vitro radioautographic procedure on slide-mounted frozen testicular sections was used to localize ANF receptors in rat testis. The radioligand was rat [125I]ANF-28. It was demonstrated that ANF specific binding sites were present only in interstitial cells, and that the other testicular compartments were not significantly labeled. These results suggest that ANF could have some physiologic role in testicular functions.
Animals↗
The cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) determinant of common bean is widespread in Phaseolus coccineus L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L.
To identify regions of the mitochondrial genome that potentially could specify cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Phaseolus coccineus (including P. polyanthus), and to define differences amongst P. coccineus lines, mitochondrial (mt)DNA restriction patterns and Southern blots of total DNA from sterile and fertile lines were analysed. By restriction endonuclease mapping we isolated a region which was specific to CMS lines flanking an F1-ATPase alpha-subunit (atpA) gene. DNA sequence analysis of this region showed 99.9% homology to the region previously isolated from P. vulgaris CMS Sprite. A high frequency of plants carrying the CMS-fragment was observed in a wild Phaseolus population, perhaps explaining the occurrence of inter- and intra-specific gene flow observed in the autogamous species P. vulgaris.
Blotting, Southern↗
[Study of the morphology and the secretion of an experimental corticotropic tumor in rats].
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
Radioautographic localization of radioactivity in rat brain after intracarotid injection of 125I-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone.
125I-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) was injected into the carotid artery of the rat and the radioactivity localized by radioautography. Radioactivity in the areas surrounding the ventricles and blood vessels after administration of 125I-alpha-MSH but not 125I-luteinizing hormone indicated passage of labeled material through the blood brain barrier. A specific concentration of radioactivity was found in the striatum and reticular nucleus of the thalamus. This localization, particularly in the thalamus, could be correlated with the previously reported effects of MSH on the brain of animals and man.
Animals↗
Radioautographic localization of radioactivity in rat brain after intraventricular or intracarotid injection of 3H-L-prolyl-L-leucyl glycinamide.
Tritiated L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide was injected into the carotid artery or lateral ventricle of rats and the radioactivity localized by radioautography. After intracarotid administration, the radioactivity labeled the meninges, ependymal cells bordering the ventricles, and cells of the choroid plexus, as well as the median eminence and subfornical organ and thus may have reached the cerebrospinal fluid. After intraventricular injection, globus pallidus, indusium griseum, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and meninges. The results after intracarotid injection suggest that L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide may cross the blood brain barrier and the results after intraventricular injection suggest sites of localization which might be correlated with the previously reported effects of the tripeptide on the brain.
Animals↗
Radioautographic localization of somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 binding sites in the rat brain.
Somatostatin-14 (S14) and its precursor, somatostatin-28 (S28), are widely distributed throughout the rat brain, suggesting that they could act as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. The present study was undertaken to study the localization of S14 and S28 receptors in the rat brain determined by "in vitro" radioautography. The study performed on slide mounted frozen brain section with iodinated S14 and S28 analogs revealed an identical distribution of binding sites for the two forms of somatostatin. A good correlation could be observed between receptor distribution and immunohistologically localized neuropeptides except for striatum and hypothalamus. However, receptors were not detectable in the hypothalamus and were found in low concentration in the caudate-putamen nucleus, two regions containing high amounts of S28 and S14, suggesting a high occupancy of receptors in these areas by endogenous peptides or an inverse correlation between receptor and peptide concentrations.
Animals↗
Subcellular localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the neurointermediate lobe of the frog pituitary.
The presence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been demonstrated in the neural lobe and in the intermediate lobe of the frog pituitary by immunocytochemistry on ultrathin sections of neurointermediate lobes obtained by cryoultramicrotomy. In the neural lobe, separate populations of TRH- or NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed. Both neuropeptides were contained in dense-core secretory vesicles about 200 nm in diameter. In intermediate lobe cells, TRH- and NPY-like immunoreactivities were observed in the cytoplasmic matrix and more sparsely in secretory granules. Occasionally, immunoreactive TRH could be visualized at the plasma membrane level. In the nucleus, both peptides were detected in the euchromatin, in the vicinity of the heterochromatin and in the nucleolus. Conversely, gonadotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity could not be detected. These results provide immunocytological evidence for the presence of endogenous TRH and NPY in frog melanotrophs indicating that these peptides may participate in the regulation of intermediate lobe secretion.
Animals↗
Effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the release of anterior pituitary hormones in the rat.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been recently localized in several hypothalamic nuclei in the mammalian brain. In order to investigate the possible role of NPY on neuroendocrine function, we have investigated the effects of the peptide on the release of anterior pituitary hormones in the rat. Both intravenous (300 micrograms) or intraventricular (2 to 15 micrograms) injection of NPY produced in gonadectomized male rats a significant and long-lasting decrease of plasma LH levels. A short duration stimulating effect on prolactin plasma levels was also observed after the intravenous but not after the intraventricular injection of NPY. Plasma levels of the other pituitary hormones were not significantly modified after NPY injection. When incubated in vitro with anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture, NPY produced no significant change in release of pituitary hormones. Thus NPY seems to exert a selective effect on LH release. Since this effect can be observed after both intravenous and intraventricular injection, it might be hypothesized that NPY could affect LHRH release in two areas which lack blood-brain barrier: the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) which contains LHRH cell bodies and NPY fibers and the median eminence which contains both LHRH and NPY fibers. The effect on prolactin release needs to be carefully evaluated in different experimental conditions.
Animals↗
Localization and identification of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the frog brain.
The distribution of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central nervous system of the frog Rana ridibunda was determined by immunofluorescence using a highly specific antiserum. NPY-like containing perikarya were localized in the infundibulum, mainly in the ventral and dorsal nuclei of the infundibulum, in the preoptic nucleus, in the posterocentral nucleus of the thalamus, in the anteroventral nucleus of the mesencephalic tegmentum, in the part posterior to the torus semicircularis, and in the mesencephalic cerebellar nucleus. Numerous perikarya were also distributed in all cerebral cortex. Important tracts of immunoreactive fibers were found in the infundibulum, in the preoptic area, in the lateral amygdala, in the habenular region, and in the tectum. The cerebral cortex was also densely innervated by NPY-like immunoreactive fibers. A rich network of fibers was observed in the median eminence coursing towards the pituitary stalk. Scattered fibers were found in all other parts of the brain except in the cerebellum, the nucleus isthmi and the torus semicircularis, where no immunoreactivity could be detected. NPY-immunoreactive fibers were observed at all levels of the spinal cord, with particularly distinct plexus around the ependymal canal and in the distal region of the dorsal horn. At the electron microscope level, NPY containing perikarya and fibers were visualized in the ventral nuclei of the infundibulum, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase and the immunogold techniques. NPY-like material was stored in dense core vesicles of 100 nm in diameter. A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was developed. The detection limit of the assay was 20 fmole/tube. The standard curves of synthetic NPY and the dilution curves for acetic acid extracts of cerebral cortex, infundibulum, preoptic region, and mesencephalon plus thalamus were strictly parallel. The NPY concentrations measured in these regions were (pmole/mg proteins) 163 +/- 8, 233 +/- 16, 151 +/- 12 and 60 +/- 13, respectively. NPY was not detectable in cerebellar extracts. After Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of acetic acid extracts from whole frog brain, NPY-like immunoreactivity eluted in a single peak. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay were used to characterize NPY-like peptides in the frog brain. HPLC analysis revealed that infundibulum, preoptic area and telencephalon extracts contained a major peptide bearing NPY-like immunoreactivity. The retention times of frog NPY and synthetic porcine NPY were markedly different. HPLC analysis revealed also the existence, in brain extracts, of several other minor components cross-reacting with NPY antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Localization and characterization of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-like peptide in the frog atrium.
The distribution of ANF was studied in the heart of the frog (Rana ridibunda) using indirect immunofluorescence. ANF-like immunoreactivity was localized mainly in the right and left atrium, most of cardiocytes being intensively labelled. At the electron microscopic level, all secretory granules present in atrial cardiocytes contained ANF immunoreactive material. Using a specific radioimmunoassay, we found higher concentrations of ANF in the left atrium (208 +/- 25 ng/mg protein) than in the right atrium (120 +/- 16 ng/mg protein) whilst in the rat, the right atrium contains the highest ANF concentration. The concentration of ANF in the ventricle was 10 times lower than in the whole atrium (32 +/- 4 ng/mg protein). Sephadex G-50 gel filtration of atrial extracts showed that ANF-like immunoreactivity eluted in three peaks. Most of the immunoreactivity corresponded to high molecular weight material eluting at the void volume while 20% of the material co-eluted with synthetic (Arg 101-Tyr 126) ANF. These results indicate that frog cardiocytes synthetize a peptide which is immunologically and biochemically related to mammalian ANF.
Animals↗
Distribution of epidermal growth factor binding sites in the adult rat anterior pituitary gland.
The distribution of epidermal growth (EGF) binding sites was studied in the pituitary gland using light and electron microscope autoradiography which was performed at different time intervals (2 to 60 min) after intravenous (IV) injection of [125I]EGF into adult rats. At the light microscopic level, the labeling was found over cells of the anterior pituitary gland. The time-course study performed by light microscope autoradiography showed that the maximal values were reached at the 2 min time interval. At this time interval, most silver grains were found at the periphery of the target cells. After, the number of silver grains decreased progressively and the localization of silver grains in the cytoplasm indicated the internalization of [125I]EGF. Electron microscope autoradiography showed that labeling was mostly restricted to mammotrophs and somatotrophs. Control experiments indicated that the autoradiographic labeling was due specific interaction of [125I]EGF with its binding site. These results indicate that EGF binding sites are present in at least two anterior pituitary cell types and suggest that EGF can exert a physiological role in the pituitary gland.
Animals↗