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Biomedical subjects

G Pauli

Publications and source records attributed to G Pauli.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Celery allergy: clinical and biological study of 20 cases.

In 20 patients, the ingestion of celery was responsible for mucocutaneous symptoms (generalized urticaria and angioedema) (18/20) and respiratory disorders (7/20). Four cases of systemic anaphylaxis were observed. The main associated allergic disorder was pollinosis (16/20). Food allergy to other vegetable products, mainly other Umbelliferae and apples, coexisted with celery allergy in 12 cases. It was found that celery allergy is mediated by IgE antibodies: it is easily diagnosed by skin tests (fresh extracts of celery may be used) and by adequate RAST (17 positive results). Cosensitization with mugwort pollen (14 cases) and birch pollen (9 cases) was found. Celery allergens responsible for clinical sensitization originate chiefly in the tuber and are at least partly thermally labile. The frequent association with pollen sensitization suggests the existence of common antigenic epitopes in celery extracts and mugwort and birch pollens. The immunologic investigations carried out so far (RAST inhibition and immunoprint) seem to support this hypothesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Sequential analysis of specific IgE and IgG titres as a function of the cumulated doses of venoms injected in allergies to Hymenoptera and correlation with specific IgE, clinical manifestations and skin tests].

The numbers of IgE and specific IgE in ten desensitized to wasp-venom patients are retrospectively analysed, in order to study their variation according to the cumulated dose of administered venom during the desensitization (mean-time 18.4 months). Our results allow to find after a latency period, a growth of the specific IgE number, then their gradual decrease, while the specific IgE number gradually rises to reach a deal-level.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Conserved antigenic and functional domains on glycoprotein B of herpes simplex virus 1 and bovine herpesvirus 2. Brief report.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein B (gB) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reacted in immune precipitation and in immunofluorescence tests with a glycoprotein 130,000 in apparent molecular weight specified by bovine herpesvirus 2 (BHV-2). Two cross reactive antibodies neutralized the heterologous virus. These results suggest that the BHV-2 glycoprotein is the homologue of HSV-1 gB and shares structural and functional domains expressed on the gB gene product.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Fine structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immunolocalization of structural proteins.

Ultrathin section and surface replica electron microscopy were applied in combination with immunoelectron microscopy to elucidate the fine structure of HIV. The shell of the tubular core shows p24 antigenicity, while p17 is located at the inner leaflet of the lipid membrane. The virus particle is studded with 70-80 protrusions. These knobs have a diameter of 15 nm, a height of 9 nm, and are probably arranged in a T = 7 I symmetry. The major envelope protein gp120 is spontaneously shed from the viral surface. A possible role of released gp120 in pathogenesis is discussed.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

Allergen bronchial challenge tests: variability and reproducibility of the early response.

We evaluated allergen bronchial challenge tests (ABCTs) variability and reproducibility during 2-week intervals, respectively, in 28 and 14 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-sensitized patients. Increasing doses of Dpt (1.25 to 160 X 10(-3) mg) of lyophilized Dpt extract were administered at 20-minute intervals by doubling the previous dose. Dose-response curves (D-RC) were constructed for each test with the logarithm (base 2) of the allergen dose and the FEV1 in milliliters as ordinate. We analyzed different indices: the allergen doses causing a 15% decrease in FEV1 (PD15) and a 20% decrease in FEV1 (PD20), the slope of the curve beyond PD15, the overall slope, and the area under the parabolic curve. We found considerable intersubject variability in early asthmatic responses to Dpt ABCTs. Bronchoconstriction induced by allergen produced a specific D-RC for each individual. PD20 was significantly correlated with all the indices representing the whole D-RC (i.e., overall slope and area); moreover, PD20 was found on the steepest portion of the curve in 24 of 28 D-RCs. With the methodology used, we obtained a satisfactory reproducibility in a 2-week interval: the linear slope obtained by log base 2 transformation of doses was highly reproducible (p less than 0.001), as was area p under the parabolic curve. PD20 is significantly reproducible in a range of one doubling dose (twofold variation). The reproducibility of ABCTs over a short period permits solid arguments for their use in the evaluation of prophylactic treatment and in clinical research.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Detection of HIV envelope specific antibodies by immunoelectron microscopy and correlation with antibody titer and virus neutralizing activity.

Human antisera positive for HIV were evaluated on HTLV-IIIB producing cells by two different immunoelectron microscopic (IEM) techniques. In preembedding immunoferritin IEM a heavy label was observed with early budding HIV. Under the same conditions cell released 'mature' particles were almost negative, which could be explained by the direct observation that most of the surface glycoprotein knobs are lost spontaneously during virus maturation. Using freshly infected cultures after agarose embedding, immunogold labelling of ultrathin cryosections allowed us to detect and differentiate internal core as well as virus envelope antigens. A good qualitative correlation between neutralization titers and IEM labelling intensity was observed. This type of immunocryoultramicrotomy appears to be useful for the detection of antigens in and on the virion. It might turn out valuable for the characterization of the env gp120 epitopes of HIV.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1987

The elastase inhibitory capacity and the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and bronchial inhibitor content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from healthy subjects.

Pulmonary emphysema is currently thought to be due to an elastase-antielastase imbalance with resultant destruction of alveolar structures. The present study was aimed at testing whether alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 PI) is the major component of the antielastase screen of the lower respiratory tract of healthy subjects. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 8 nonsmokers (27.8 +/- 3.8 years) and 9 smokers (25 +/- 0.96 years). The lavage fluids were tested for leukocyte and pancreatic elastase inhibitory capacity (LEIC and PEIC) and immunoreactive alpha 1 PI and bronchial inhibitor (brI) content. The mean +/- s.e.m. levels of LEIC, PEIC, alpha 1 PI and brI were 0.16 +/- 0.039, 0.042 +/- 0.006, 0.09 +/- 0.007 and 0.013 +/- 0.002 mol/mol albumin, respectively. Thus, on the average, the molar concentration of brI was about 14% that of alpha 1 PI. The difference between LEIC and alpha 1 PI did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.0503). The PEIC was however significantly lower than the alpha 1 PI levels (P less than 0.05), indicating that the lavage fluids contained both active and inactive alpha 1 PI. Nonsmokers and smokers did not differ in their LEIC, PEIC, alpha 1 PI and brI levels. When the data were examined on an individual basis, the subjects could be divided into 2 groups: group I (n = 9; 3 nonsmokers, 6 smokers) whose LEIC/alpha 1 PI molar ratios were higher than unity and group II (n = 8; 5 nonsmokers, 3 smokers) whose LEIC/alpha 1 PI molar ratios were equal or lower than unity. Group I subjects had significantly higher LEIC values (0.26 +/- 0.05 mol elastase inhibited/mol albumin) than group II individuals (0.055 +/- 0.006; P less than 0.001) but the two groups had similar levels of immunoreactive alpha 1 PI (0.09 and 0.08 mol alpha 1 PI/mol albumin for group I and II, respectively), functionally active alpha 1 PI (percentage of active alpha 1 PI: 53% and 37% for group I and II, respectively) and immunoreactive brI (0.016 and 0.010 mol brI/mol albumin for group I and II, respectively). These results suggested that the lavage fluids from group I contained significant amounts of undefined leukocyte elastase inhibitor(s). Gel filtration of a lavage fluid from group I showed that the undefined elastase inhibitor(s) co-eluted with brI. Most of the lavage fluids were still able to inhibit leukocyte elastase following removal of alpha 1 PI by perchloric acid precipitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Pleural and mediastinal metastases from a malignant mesothelioma of testicular vaginalis membrane].

The authors describe an original observation of secondary intrathoracic metastases due to a malignant adenomatoid tumour or mesothelioma of the testicular tunica vaginalis. The hypothesis of a primary pleural mesothelioma could be excluded here as could secondary pleural deposits from another neoplasm. The exceptionally malign potentialities of this common tumour of the testicular adnexae were reviewed as well as the extremely poor prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Profile of a respiratory allergy department from computerized data collected between 1968 and 1984 (3962 cases)].

A prospective study of clinical, cutaneous and biological sensitivity to the common air-borne allergens was conducted over a 16-year period in a total of 3,962 patients who reported to a hospital consultation for respiratory allergy. The study confirmed certain widely recognized semiological features, but it did it on the basis of a real population with a large number of subjects and therefore was a true textbook of allergology with a live material. In addition, the study benefited from the major advantage of computer data processing: an accurate and rapid analysis. Yet some uncertainties and omissions remained concerning answers to certain questions, but such gaps are inherent in the natural subjectivity of allergic patients and their doctors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Mites: the principal respiratory allergens of house dust].

The Mites are the most frequent of the lung allergens. Three families have a prime importance. The Pyroglyphidae (of which Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Euroglyphus maynei are a part), the Acaridae and the Glyciphagidae which comprise the stock acariens responsible for certain occupational asthmas. After the discovery of the role of mites in respiratory allergy numerous studies have specified the ecological conditions favourable to their development (temperature, relative humidity, the nutritional environment) and have emphasised the beneficial role of altitude and the importance of the characteristics of the habitat. Another avenue of research consists in culture of the acariens, to isolate by immunological chemical purification techniques the glycoproteins responsible to their allergic activity, The studies led to the identification of the major allergens most frequently responsible for sensitizing man. Thus for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus two major allergens have been identified by different teams. Certain common allergens in different species explain the crossed sensitivity which are frequently observed. One of the major allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the allergen P, is contained in faecal particles of the acariens. These particles are identified in the domestic environment and are easily made into a suspension by normal household activities. Current preventative methods are orientated towards the effect of exclusion of the acariens on the respiratory symptomatology. The diminution of the mite numbers, a reduced frequency of crisis after complete eviction of the allergens from the home and diminished bronchial reactivity to pharmacological mediators after very prolonged eviction. The use of acaricides or of fungicides would merit more numerous controlled studies with a view to showing their efficacy on the respiratory symptomatology of sensitive subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

[Criteria for evaluating specific desensitization in asthma].

In the absence of any satisfactory immunological criteria an objective assessment of the results of desensitization in asthma largely rests on clinical criteria. The use of clinical criteria themselves runs into many difficulties, some of which are inherent in the nature of asthma (chronic cause, temporary variations, variations according to the allergen responsible, the association of non-specific factors to specific allergic factors) and others result from the individual characters of the asthmatic under-study. The assessment of the results of desensitization should not rest solely on the observations of the patient and physician. A clinical score can be gathered thanks to a daily diary card. A drug score can be assessed by a daily record of the amount of medication used. The recording of peak flow in spite of its imperfections is particularly well suited to multiple daily measurements of airflow obstruction. The paper work generated by the daily diary cards can be computerised. A study of the correlations existing between the different daily scores recorded shows, that the selection of patients for a trial of desensitization should be carried out over a long enough period to enable non compliant patients to be discarded namely those patients without any good correlation between the symptoms and functional score. Another approach to assessing the efficacy of desensitization is the study of changes in bronchial provocation tests to allergens; these depend on a good reproducibility of the immediate and delayed responses to allergens in each subject at different times.

Allergens↗
PubMed1986

[A national survey: the respiratory specialist and allergology].

In June 1984 we wrote to all 1,594 Registered French Respiratory Specialists in the medical directory, with a questionnaire to determine their diagnostic and therapeutic activity in the field of allergy. In September 1984 a second letter with the same questionnaire was sent to these Physicians who had not replied to the first. Finally in October 1984 a random sample of 21 Physicians who had not replied to the two letters were contacted by telephone. Among the 1,594 letters initially, 232 were to people not involved in the field of inquiry (Deceased doctors, those retired or not thoracic Physicians) or had not reached the address. After excluding this group, the level of response was established at 74% for the first delivery and 33% for second or 84% overall. Among 1,114 respondents overall, 79% admitted to activity in allergy varying from 55% in the Paris Region to a maximum of 92% in the South-East. The differences were less pronounced when the age of the physicians was allowed for. The most used diagnostic means are skin tests (90%), total IgE (68.6%) and specific IgE (57%) far ahead of non-specific bronchial provocation tests (20%) and specific tests (14.6%). Two hundred and sixty thoracic Physicians had no activity in the field of allergy.

Adult↗