Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Paul

Publications and source records attributed to G Paul.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Tinnitus asymmetry.

In the present study, the relationship between the location of tinnitus and the location of the greater hearing impairment was investigated. 62 subjects suffering from tinnitus underwent audiometric testing and were required to identify the location of their tinnitus. All of the subjects had a history of exposure to loud noise. The results of the study showed an asymmetric relationship between the variables examined. Most of the subjects with a greater hearing loss on the right side reported right-sided tinnitus, while the majority of subjects with a greater loss in the left ear reported tinnitus heard identically in both ears or tinnitus heard louder on the right side. An assumption was made that this phenomenon is related to differential hemispheric responsiveness to abnormal neural activity arising in the peripheral parts of the auditory system as a result of cochlear damage, activity which is the presumed origin of neurogenic tinnitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Antibiotic sensitivity test. Comparative multicenter study of the gel diffusion and ATB methods].

The ATB method is a new method for antibiotic susceptibility testing. In a collaborative study, it was compared to a standard disc diffusion method. 23 strains were tested to determine reproducibility and 969 strains were used in the comparative study. Reproducibility of both methods is equivalent; differences due to strains were observed. Agreement between both methods is 87,9%, minor discrepancies are 8,7% and major discrepancies are 3,3%. Significant differences were found for carbenicillin and cefalotin and confirmed by MIC determination using the agar dilution method. Overall results show that the ATB method is reliable and comparable to disc diffusion for routine susceptibility testing.

Automation↗
PubMed1984

[Enterobacter cloacae. In vivo emergence of a variant resistant to new beta-lactams during treatment with lamoxactam-gentamicin].

In a patient recently operated for an abdominal gun wound, and given gentamicin-cephalosporin (cefoxitin for one day, then moxalactam) for 11 days, treatment failed as a result of emergence of a E. cloacae variant resistant to beta-lactams only, i.e. carbenicillin, mezlocillin, cefamandole (CFM), cefoperazone (CPZ), cefotaxim (CTX) and moxalactam ( MOX ). The initial susceptible strains isolated from blood cultures (SH1, SH2) and the resistant ones isolated 11 days later from pancreatic pus (RP) and blood cultures ( RH1 , RH2 ) shared the same chemotype. MICs of CFM, CPZ, CTX, and MOX were much higher (1 000 to 4 000 fold) for RH1 than for SH1. The biochemical mechanism of resistance showed the six following features: loss of antimicrobial activity of CFM, CTX and MOX added to RH1 cultures; much higher (1 500 fold) beta-lactamase activity for RH1 than for SH1 (iodometric and microacidimetric methods); beta-lactamases focusing at the same pl (greater than 8) produced by RH1 , RP and also, but only after induction, SH1 and SH2; cephalosporinase-type beta-lactamase according to the enzymatic activity profile; restoration of RH1 's susceptibility to CFM, CTX and MOX merely by adding cloxacillin; apparently unchanged crypticity for RH1 . The enzymatic mechanism (cephalosporinase hyperproducing variant) seems very likely.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Hemoculture].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1983

Nosocomial infections by chlorhexidine solution contaminated with Pseudomonas pickettii (Biovar VA-I).

Over a period of 10 days, six patients in a cardiac intensive care unit developed Pseudomonas pickettii (biovar VA-I) septicaemia after installation of a venous catheter. The organism was also recovered from all the vials of the aqueous solution of 0.05 per cent chlorhexidine ('Hibitane') prepared with contaminated bidistilled water. There were no further cases of infection when the use of this water was prohibited.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Tinnitus pitch and acoustic trauma.

56 Subjects complaining of tinnitus underwent an audiometric test and a test for identifying the analogous pitch of their tinnitus. All of the subjects reported that they had been exposed to noise in the past. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of their audiometric test results. Group P was composed of subjects who showed a sensorineural hearing loss typical of acoustic trauma. Group N was composed of subjects whose hearing was within normal limits. The pitch of the tinnitus in group P was concentrated in the high-frequency range, whereas in group N tinnitus pitch values were distributed over the low and mid-audiometric frequency spectrum. It was deduced that different processes are involved in the generation of tinnitus in the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Placental smears in a maternity ward. Importance of early diagnosis of neonatal bacterial infections caused by materno-fetal contamination].

Direct cytobacteriological investigation of the amniochorionic plate of the placenta has been used systematically in the Maternity Hospital as a test to detect amniotic infection. This test was practised on fresh placentae in the laboratory of Histology, preceding the examination of the placenta. The test gave, within 30 minutes of delivery, information about the presence of bacteria of fungi on the amniotic surface, their abundance and their morphology. The results of the placental smears were compared to the results of bacteriological cultures obtained from the placenta, the infant and occasionally the mother. The diagnosis of neonatal infection was established from clinical, biological and bacteriological criteria which were defined in advance. Two series are presented: the first concerns 2,514 cases selected in the delivery room over a period of 4 years for high risks infection, i.e. 1 in 6 of the 15,377 deliveries registered during this period. The rate of positive smears was 9%: 63% Gram positive, 17% Gram negative, and 20% mixed. The most common bacteriologically proven neonatal infections were streptococcus B (40%) and Escherichia coli (33%). The second is a prospective survey of 400 unselected consecutive cases observed during a period of 7 weeks: 1% of the smears were positive - and the test would have been justified in 1 in 5 cases. From these two surveys, it appears that placental smear is a good test to detect maternofetal contamination. The positive predictive value of the test is 80%. The negative predictive value is 98% and approaches 100% if cases where the mother received antibiotics before delivery are excluded.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1982

Paternity testing: analysis of six blood groups and HLA markers, with particular reference to comparison of races.

Blood groups (ABO, Rh, MNSs, Kell, Duffy, and Kidd) and HLA markers were tested in cases involving 563 children of disputed parentage. In 149 (26.5%) cases, the accused men were excluded as the biologic fathers of the children in question. One hundred forty of the 149 exclusions were direct exclusions. Five exclusions were based on red blood cell data alone, i.e., HLA was non-exclusionary. Of the remaining 414 cases in which the alleged father could not be excluded as the biologic father, in 361 (87.2%) instances, the plausibility of paternity ws 95% or greater, and in 385 (93.0%) instances the comparison of men value was 20 or greater. Caucasians, blacks, and men of other races were involved in 367 (65.1%), 185 (33%), and 11 (1.9%) cases, respectively. No significant difference among races was observed in the rate of exclusion of accused men. However, of the non-excluded men, in a significantly greater proportion of black men than white men, the plausibility of paternity was below 95%. The difference was probably due to lower polymorphism of the markers tested in blacks than in whites. It is suggested that tests for additional polymorphic genes be directed towards the 12-15% of the nonexclusionary cases with plausibility of paternity values below 95%.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1982

[Rapid bioassay of gentamicin by bioluminescence (author's transl)].

Assay of bacterial intracellular ATP levels using the firefly bioluminescence system allows a very sensitive monitoring of bacterial growth. This test has been used in some laboratories fro performing a rapid microbiological assay of the concentration of antibiotics in the serum of treated patients. Rapidity of antibiotic determination is especially important in the case of antibiotics for which therapeutic concentration are close to toxic concentration. In the present work we have used the bacterial strain Klebsiella edwardsii var. atlantae for a rapid assay of gentamicin in the serum. We show that this assay is very accurate in the range of therapeutic serum concentrations. It may be readily performed in a routine laboratory with commercially available ATP extractors and luciferine-luciferose mixtures. This assay has been shown to correlate optimally with the classical plate diffusion assay (r = 0,983) and to be independent of the presence of beta-lactams in the serum.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1981

Lactose tolerance in lambs with rotavirus diarrhoea.

It has been suggested that lactose malabsorption is an important factor in producing the diarrhoea of acute rotavirus infection. Accordingly, the lactose tolerance of gnotobiotic newborn lambs, infected with lamb rotavirus, has been investigated by clinical studies and tissue enzyme assays. Although lactase activity is low in affected areas of the small intestine, rotavirus infected lambs are not lactose intolerant as assessed by the measurement of reducing substances in the faeces, or by the clinical effects and blood glucose levels after a 5.8 mmol (2 g)/kg lactose load on the second day post-infection. Lactose intolerance could be demonstrated by using extremely high (29.2 mmol (10 g)/kg) doses of lactose, three or four times the normal dietary lactose intake. These experiments suggest that lactose-containing feeds (such as maternal milk) are not necessarily contraindicated in patients or animals with rotavirus diarrhoea.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of amniotic fluid (author's transl)].

The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 100 samples of amniotic fluid (LA) was studied against 5 bacterial species that are responsible for neonatal infections. These results show that there is a bacteriostatic activity in liquor. 52 specimens of liquor amnii (52%) were shown to be active against at least one of the 5 bacterial specimens studied. 32 samples of liquor (32%) were active against Listeria monocytogenes, 21 (21%) against Flavobacterium meningosepticum, 18 (18%) against Escherichia coli, 17 (17%) against group B streptococci and 7 (7%) against Bacteroides fragilis. A simultaneous study of the 6 types of germs show a separate characteristics of this activity. In this way the number of samples of liquor that were active against one or at the same time against 2, 3, 4 or 5 bacteria were respectively 24, 19, 5, 2 and 2. The bacteriostatic effect was more frequently active in those samples of liquor which were studied near term (57.5%) than in the samples studied nearer the beginning of pregnancy (31.5%). All the same, this difference is not statistically significant. There was no difference in the antibacterial activity of samples of liquor from normal and from abnormal pregnancies. The bacterial effect was found only in 12% of samples of liquor, particularly against streptococcus B (8%) and against Listeria monocytogenes (4%). This bactericidal effect was only found after the 31st week of amenorrhoea.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

[Bacteroides fragilis. Maternal-placental and foetal contamination (author's transl)].

In order to study the maternal-placental and foetal contamination, cytologic study and aerobic-anaerobic cultures were performed on 1 000 placentae of infants who were referred to the Intensive Care Unit. Bacteroides were isolated from 30 specimens, and on smears, Gram negative bacteria were found on 11 of these cases. Only in 2 infants Bacteroides were isolated from blood, gastric aspirate and meconium; 20 infants were said to be infected on clinical and biological bases; eight were normal. Bacteroides infection is usually benign; the symptoms are not specific; the diagnosis is often delayed and the treatment uneasy. Nowadays, Carbenicillin, Ticarcilin, Cefoxin or Metronidazole are advised, according to the sensibility of the organism.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Clostridium perfringens infection and necrotising enterocolitis].

During a four year period (1974--1977) 21 infants died as a result of severe necrotising enterocolitis (N.E.C.). In 9 cases, Clostridium perfringens was isolated. When this organism is recovered either from the placenta or from the first meconium and or when the signs of the disease appear within a few days of birth, materno-fetal transmission of the infection may be suspected. The infection occurs most frequently in neonates in whom the gastrointestinal tract was already colonized by Clostridium.

Clostridium Infections↗