Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Parker

Publications and source records attributed to G Parker.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Parental reports of depressives. An investigation of several explanations.

Associations linking parental reports of low care and/or overprotection with several grades of depressive experience have been reported in a number of studies. Three non-causal explanations of those associations are examined in the present paper: that depression levels might influence judgement of parental characteristics, that reported parental characteristics may not reflect actual parental characteristics, and that those with a potentially depressive temperament of dependency might elicit less parental care and greater parental overprotection. Varying levels of depression in a clinical group did not influence scores on a self-report measure of parental characteristics, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Subjects' scores on the PBI (i.e. perceived parental characteristics) correlated significantly with scores returned by family observers and judges in 2 separate studies, supporting the validity of the PBI as a measure of actual parental characteristics. Depression scores in subjects were strongly linked with lower maternal care and with maternal overprotection, whether the maternal characteristics were judged by the subjects or by the mothers themselves. There was no evidence to support the view that those with marked dependency traits elicit different parental responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Parental representations of patients with anxiety neurosis.

Using a reliable and valid self-report measure of fundamental parental characteristics, the parental representations of 50 anxiety neurotic patients were examined in a controlled study. The patients reported significantly less parental care and greater parental over-protection. Two explanations are favoured. First, the parental characteristics and the higher levels of anxiety in the subjects may be expressions of a third factor, high familial anxiety. Second, that such parental characteristics may be antecedent causes of greater anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The doctor's husband.

A study of 162 females, actively employed as medical practitioners, was conducted to examine perceived characteristics of their husbands and to determine whether such attributes might relate to the women's commitment to and satisfaction with medical practice. A questionnaire assessing personality characteristics of such husbands was produced by a factor analytic technique, and the final measure is tabled. Eighteen items loaded clearly on one of three factors measuring perceptions of general support by husbands, levels of type A characteristics within the husbands, and the degree to which husbands were against their wives' medical career. Factor-specific scores on those dimensions were examined against other variables, and associations were found linking scale scores with variables in the female practitioners including age, type of medical practice, hours of employment, and satisfaction with medical practice. Husbands who were medical graduates were scored higher on type A characteristics and fathered more children than the other husbands.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Influences of maternal overprotection.

While maternal overprotection appears associated with several neurotic and psychotic disorders, little is known about determinants of such a parental characteristic. Several hypotheses have been tested in a large nonclinical sample. Maternal and cultural factors seemed of greater relevance than characteristics in the child. Overprotective mothers gave evidence of marked maternal preoccupations before having children, of showing a capacity to be overprotective after the active stage of mothering, and of having personality characteristics of high anxiety, obsessionality and a need to control. Maternal overprotection appears associated with low, rather than with high maternal care. This has important primary prevention and treatment implications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The relevance of early parental experiences to adult dependency, hypochondriasis and utilization of primary physicians.

The possible relationships between early parental experiences and three adult characteristics regarded as having a care-eliciting component (dependency, hypochondriasis and utilization of health care services) were examined in a study of 100 consecutive patients attending their general practitioner. Assessment of presumed ongoing fundamental parental characteristics was made, together with assessment of parental response to childhood illness in the subjects. Those scoring highest on each of the three dimensions under examination remembered one or both of their parents as highly likely to call a doctor in response to childhood illness in the subjects. Dependent subjects scored their fathers in such a way as to suggest an intense paternal involvement in their child. Those who scored high on hypochondriasis scored their fathers as highly overprotective and their mothers as highly caring. When ill they scored both parents as evidencing more sympathy, and their mothers as more likely to call the doctor, than parents of remaining subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effect of alcohol ingestion on bone and mineral metabolism in rats.

Chronic ethanol administration to growing rats for 56 days resulted in circulating levels of 140 mg/dl, approximating concentrations that characterize alcoholic intoxication in man. This degree of alcohol ingestion, although without gross or histological effect on the liver or testicles, was attended by decreased trabecular bone volume despite a normal rate of skeletal mineralization as measured by time-spaced tetracycline labeling. Concomitant serum levels of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, creatinine, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, testosterone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were normal. Although alcohol treatment was associated with a significant decrease in urinary calcium excretion, it had no effect on phosphate excretion nor on its renal tubular reabsorption. The data reveal that circulating levels of alcohol that do not result in hepatic or testicular injury are toxic for bone.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1979

Generation of asymmetry during development. Segregation of type-specific proteins in Caulobacter.

An essential event in developmental processes is the introduction of asymmetry into an otherwise undifferentiated cell population. Cell division in Caulobacter is asymmetric; the progeny cells are structurally different and follow different sequences of development, thus providing a useful model system for the study of differentiation. Because the progeny cells are different from one another, there must be a segregation of morphogenetic and informational components at some time in the cell cycle. We have examined the pattern of specific protein segregation between Caulobacter stalked and swarmer daughter cells, with the rationale that such a progeny analysis would identify both structurally and developmentally important proteins. To complement the study, we have also examined the pattern of protein synthesis during synchronous growth and in various cellular fractions. We show here, for the first time, that the association of proteins with a specific cell type may result not only from their periodicity of synthesis, but also from their pattern of distribution at the time of cell division. Several membrane-associated and soluble proteins are segregated asymmetrically between progeny stalked and swarmer cells. The data further show that a subclass of soluble proteins becomes associated with the membrane of the progeny stalked cells. Therefore, although the principal differentiated cell types possess different synthetic capabilities and characteristic proteins, the asymmetry between progeny stalked and swarmer cells is generated primarily by the preferential association of specific soluble proteins with the membrane of only one daughter cell. The majority of the proteins which exhibit this segregation behavior are synthesized during the entire cell cycle and exhibit relatively long, functional messenger RNA half-lives.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Parental characteristics in relation to depressive disorders.

Using a reliable and valid measure of reported parental care and overprotection (the Parental Bonding Instrument) patients with two types of depressive disorder were compared with a control group, and the relationships to depressive experience examined in a non-clinical group as well. Bipolar manic-depressive patients scored like controls whereas neurotic depressives reported less parental care and greater maternal overprotection. Depressive experience in the non-clinical group was negatively associated with low parental care and weakly associated with parental overprotection.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1979

Reported parental characteristics of agoraphobics and social phobics.

The clinical impression that phobic patients perceive their parents as being uncaring and overprotective was investigated in a controlled study of eighty-one phobic patients. Those assigned to a social phobic group scored both parents as less caring and as overprotected, while those assigned to an agoraphobic group differed from controls only in reporting less maternal care. Intensity of phobic symptoms in the pooled sample was examined in a separate analysis. Higher agoraphobic scores were associated with less maternal care and less maternal overprotection, while higher social phobic scores were associated with greater maternal care and greater maternal overprotection.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Parental deprivation and depression in a non-clinical group.

Despite a large number of studies it remains unclear whether early parental loss or separation experiences from parents are associated with depression in adult life. In order to circumvent the possible confounding influence of psychiatric patients status, a non-clinical group was used to study any influence of early permanent parental loss and early parental separation on subsequent depressive experience in adulthood. The depressive experience of 236 post-graduate students was assessed using measures of trait depression, self-esteem, alienation, and incidence of depressive episodes. Depressive experience was not increased in those 27 subjects who had been permanently separated from a biological parent before the age of 16 years. When duration of separation from influential parent-figures was examined it was found that trait depression scores were increased in those who had experienced longer separation, but those subjects also rated their parent-figures as having been less caring. Findings are consistent with the view that it is the quality of any parental contribution, rather than its continuity, that is associated with subsequent depressive experience in adulthood.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Sex differences in non-clinical depression.

Two recent reviews have suggested that the prevalence of depression is higher in women than in men. In one review Weissman and Klerman cited several United States community studies, and claimed that findings reveal a female excess in the 'true prevalence' of depressive syndromes. Their interpretation of those studies allowed them to reject the artefact hypothesis that women perceive, acknowledge, report and seek help for stress and symptoms differently to men. The present paper questions their interpretation of those studies. In addition, results from a recent study of depressive experience in a non-clinical group, where no sex difference was found, are presented.

Adult↗