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Biomedical subjects

G P Stupakov

Publications and source records attributed to G P Stupakov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

[The development of the syndrome of congestive parenchymatous organs under conditions of short-term hypokinesia].

Five series of head-down (-10 degrees to -30 degrees, up to 18 hr) tilt tests were performed with participation of 65 healthy male subjects. The ultrasonic technique was used to investigate the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, and the main abdominal vessels, i.e. aorta in the abdomen and superior mesenteric artery, interior caval, portal, and splenic veins. A few hours of HDT already brought about a complex of load-deprivation reflexes (the syndrome of stagnant parenchymal organs) characterized by a prolonged venous congestion in the abdominal organs-vessels system, increases in sizes and blood filling of the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidney, and the main arteries and veins in this hemodynamic region. This was the first time when increases in pancreas including its head, body and tail, and the abdominal blood vessels were quantified at the beginning of adaptation to HDT. The load-deprivation reflexes arising in this period were hemodynamic by nature. Considering the significant functional strain of the abdominal organs and vessels and particularly the limited control of excessive blood flow towards the pancreas and kidneys, there is a good reason to look into the ways to improve the existing countermeasures against the consequences of immobilization for humans both in general clinic and preventive medicine, and in short- and long-term space missions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1998

[From present day aviation medicine to aviation anthropologic ecology of the future].

Rationale is given to the proposition that aviation medicine including psychophysiology and ergonomics is a peculiar kind of aviation anthropoecology as a variety of the present-day integrative science of human. This is grounded, firstly, on analysis of any scientific finding of aviation medicine in the light of two principles of the contemporary occupational medicine, i.e. human health and reasonable risk (which is an equivalent of safety) and, secondly, systemic study from this angle of all, from molecular to social, levels of the biological integration man of flying.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1997

[Advancement and goals of the aviation human engineering].

Analyzed were the efforts of the State Scientific-Research Test Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine to weigh and account the human factor in designing and upgrading avionics and aviation machinery. Described are the policy of human engineering support to the development, evaluation, and operation of aviation machinery, and the benefits from the human factor knowledge to the specifications for aviation machinery and allowance for the psychophysiological aptitudes of human on different phases of development of ergatic aviation systems. Outlined is the mainstream of ergonomic enhancement of the quality and safety, and humanization of the activities of different aviation specialists.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1997

[Prediction of tolerance of longitudinal linear head-to-tail accelerations of short duration (up to 5 seconds)].

The paper is focused on prediction of loss of consciousness and grey-out during short (up to 5 s) impulses of longitudinal head-to-tail accelerations with high buildup gradients (more than 50 m/s3). This is a poorly explored region of exposure on the borderline between impulsive and maneuvering accelerations of the modern aircraft. On the basis of comparing the prediction with available experimental data, prognostic potentials of various modifications of criterion which includes the maximum allowable values of velocity in this range of exposure are demonstrated.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1997

[Medical aspects of prolongation of occupational longevity].

Rationale is given to the necessity of methodical approaches to extension of total and active periods of human life. Methods and measures intended to maintain/restore working capacity of human operator of automated working place are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Aviation medicine in Russia on the threshold of the 3d millennium].

Analysis of the interrelated development of aviation technologies and aeromedical science pointed out that the mainstream of aviation medicine as science is integration of human factors equally in the processes of aviation technology development, testing, and operation. Focus is placed on the methodology of aviation medicine and prospect for its refining in the interests of better effectiveness and safety of flights, maintenance of health and prolongation of career of all categories of flying personnel.

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1996

[Current problems of aviation medicine (the 60th anniversary of the State Research Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine)].

The paper provides a brief review of topical problems of aviation medicine as an ingredient of occupational medicine. It considers the most important guidelines and concepts which ensure efficiency and reliability of skilled performance of specialists and shows the significance of research and practical advances of aviation medicine for human health promotion in our country.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1996

[Current aspects of creation of expert systems in aviation medicine].

Topical directions of developing the medical expert systems (MES) are considered. The problems to be solved by using programming and informational means as part of MES are discussed. A classification of the knowledge of expert physicians who directly deal with decision making is proposed. The characteristics of the developed MES well appreciated by the results of their operation are given. They show new trends associated with the update of medical knowledge and the developmental level of information technologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Problems of flight safety and effectiveness of aviation specialists' activities].

In all cases reliability of aviation specialists' activities is a parameter influenced by complex of intrinsic and extrinsic matters. That proves the concept of absolutely safe flights to be inadequate, necessitates justification of the maximal safety level providing the reliability degree which is potentially available. The actual risk always exceeds the expected one, and the difference between them shows the resources and approaches to optimize aviation systems through more reliable specialists and equipment. Flight accidents have three groups of causes traced to human factor. The first group comprises social factors and peculiarities of pilots' and aviation supervisors' training. This group is in charge of nearly 50% of the accidents. The second group includes ergonomic drawbacks of the equipment and induces 25% of flight accidents. The third group covers medical and psychologic factors which show not only the pilot's health, but the functional resources tending to decrease during the activities. This group also causes about 25% of the accidents. If higher expenses for training of pilot causing the accident risk equal to 0.01, amount of flight accidents could decrease several times, and overall expenses will be optimal (nearly 2 times lower than now).

Accidents, Aviation↗
PubMed1995

[Ecological aspects of aviation ergonomics].

The authors analyzed human role in ecologic system, using the principle "human--environment--health", and human function in ecologic and ergonomic system, using the principle "operator--environment--occupational reliability" for aviation ergonomics. Unfavorable ecologic environment influencing the operator was considered a complex stress factor composed of objective environmental and emotional elements. The authors describe human response to physiologically adequate and inadequate stress factors. The article stresses good prospects associated with application of aviation ergonomics to targeting some problems.

Aviation↗