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Biomedical subjects

G P Oblapenko

Publications and source records attributed to G P Oblapenko.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Resurgence of diphtheria.

Following the introduction of routine immunization with diphtheria toxoid in the 1940s and 1950s, diphtheria incidence declined dramatically in countries of the industrialized world. At the beginning of the 1980s many of these countries were progressing toward elimination of the disease. However, since the mid-1980s there has been a striking resurgence of diphtheria in several countries of Eastern Europe. For 1993, WHO received reports of 15,211 diphtheria cases in Russia and 2,987 cases in Ukraine. The main reasons for the return of diphtheria in these countries were: decreasing immunization coverage among infants and children waning immunity to diphtheria in adults, movements of the population during the last few years, and an irregular supply of vaccines. The outbreak spread to neighboring countries and in 1993 cases were reported in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Finland, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Tajikistan, Turkey, and Uzbekistan. Epidemiological patterns of diphtheria are changing in developing countries, and the disease seems to be following patterns seen in industrialized countries 30 to 40 years ago. In developing countries, routine immunization against diphtheria was introduced in the late 1970s with the Expanded Programme on Immunization. In these countries, coverage of infants with 3 doses of diphtheria toxoid reached 46% in 1985, and 79% in 1992. Recent diphtheria outbreaks in Algeria, China, Ecuator, Jordan, Lesotho and Sudan demonstrate a shift in the age distribution of cases to older children and adults. Rapid clinical and public health responses are required to control diphtheria outbreaks. Three major measures are indicated: high immunization coverage of target groups, prompt diagnosis and management of diphtheria cases, and rapid identification of close contacts with their effective management to prevent secondary cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The role of day-old chicks in the transmission of Salmonella enteritidis].

The epidemiological analysis of an outbreak of salmonellosis, registered in May 1988 on the territory of two regions of the Karelian ASSR and covering 10 villages, was carried out. Altogether 112 persons were affected. One-day old chickens sold to the population by the local poultry plant were the source of infection which was transmitted through everyday contacts: those persons who had direct contact with chickens were affected. S. enteritidis with similar biological characteristics were isolated from salmonellosis patients, from persons having had contacts with chickens and from chickens. Chickens were probably infected by oral route.

Age Factors↗