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Biomedical subjects

G P McLoughlin

Publications and source records attributed to G P McLoughlin.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

An evaluation of 99mTc pertechnetate scanning for the detection of coeliac disease and Crohn's disease.

To investigate the use of abdominal scintiscanning in the detection of small bowel pathology, the accumulation of pertechnetate (99mTc), following intravenous injection, has been studied in 21 patients with coeliac disease, 13 patients with Crohn's disease and in 83 control subjects without known small bowel disease. Although a trend for a greater accumulation of 99m Tc was noted in patients with coeliac disease and Crohn's disease compared with controls (P less than 0.025) there was a large overlap in individual studies. Under the conditions of this study the accumulation of 99mTc by the small bowel did not provide a reliable diagnostic test for coeliac disease or Crohn's disease of the small intestine. The accumulation of 99mTc pertechnetate by normal small bowel suggests that scintiscanning with this radiopharmaceutical does not provide a consistently reliable method for the detection of small bowel pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Non-invasive estimation of duodenogastric reflux using technetium-99m p-butyl-iminodiacetic acid.

Post-gastrectomy symptoms of dyspepsia, epigastric pain, nausea, and bilious vomiting have been ascribed to duodenogastric reflux. A noninvasive method, using the radiopharmaceutical technetium-99m p-butyl-iminodiacetic acid, has been developed to observe biliary excretion scintigraphically and to monitor its excretion. 10 controls and 45 patients after stomach operations were given the radiopharmaceutical intravenously and were scanned every 5 min for an hour, after which the site of the stomach was determined by asking the patient to drink technetium-99m in solution. Reflux was noted in 1 control, in 4 of 13 patients after highly selective vagotomy, in 8 of 17 patients following truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty, and in all of 15 patients after gastrectomy. The mean quantities of reflux in these four groups were 5%, 3.75%, 12.4%, and 44%, respectively. The study confirms that post-gastrectomy patients are more prone to enterogastric reflux and suggests that this form of scintigraphy may produce valuable clinical information.

Bile Reflux↗
PubMed1980

An evaluation of 99Tcm-labelled HIDA in hepatobiliary scanning.

99Tcm-labelled HIDA administered intravenously is promptly taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile duct and gallbladder. In this study the use of this agent in hepatoscintigraphy was evaluated. Thirty patients with a variety of hepatobiliary pathology were studied. After an overnight fast 2 mCi of 99Tcm HIDA were given intravenously and the patient was scanned continuously for 1 h. A rapid outline of the liver and biliary tract was usually obtained and the T 1/2 of the tracer in the blood stream was 20 min. In total obstructive jaundice, isotope was excreted through the renal tract without visualization of the liver. Hepatoscintigraphy was compared with conventional radiographs and ultrasonography in 19 patients presenting an emergencies with suspected hepatobiliary disease and was found to be comparable to the latter modes of investigation. In the jaundiced patients hepatoscintigraphy was inferior to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and to ultrasonography. No adverse side effects have followed the use of the radiopharmaceutical.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The effect of posture on errors in gastric emptying measurements.

Scintigraphic gastric emptying measurements were made with subjects supine and upright using a dual-detector rectilinear scanner. Previously reported variations of the depth of activity during the course of a study were again found with both postures. Although there was no significant mean depth change in the group when upright, some individual variations were substantial. Measurements with a gamma camera demonstrated similar changes of depth of stomach contents with seated subjects. The resulting variations of attenuation of the emergent radiation lead to appreciable errors in the emptying rates determined by unilateral detection. In about half the cases the mean movement of a 99Tcm-labelled solid phase marker exceeded 1 cm; such a movement led to an average 20% error in emptying rate determination by an anterior detector. Depth changes of a liquid marker were less marked, exceeding 0.5 cm in half the subjects; this movement gave rise to an average 6% error when 113Inm was used as the tracer.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1979

Iodine 131 labelled ioglycamic acid (Biligram) for scintiscanning in hepatobiliary disorders.

Iodine-131 labelled Biligram has been evaluated as a radiopharmaceutical for dynamic scintiscanning of the liver and biliary tract. In 10 normal subjects there was good visualisation of the liver and gallbladder. In 18 patients 131I Biligram was found to be unsatifactory for differentiating parenchymal liver disease from biliary tract obstruction owing to inability to demonstrate the gallbladder when liver function was more than mildly deranged. Quantitative analyses of blood clearance and hepatic activity curves for 131I Biligram were not clinically helpful. Urinary excretion of 131I Biligram increased with the degree of hepatic dysfunction.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Effect of long-term cimetidine on gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin, and gastric emptying.

Gastric acid secretion, gastric emptying, fasting serum gastrin and the serum gastrin response to a meal were measured in duodenal ulcer patients before, and at least five days after completing prolonged treatment with cimetidine (1 or 2 g/day for four or eight weeks followed by 600 mg twice daily for six months). Fasting serum gastrin and the gastrin response were also measured during treatment. Compared with pretreatment values, fasting serum gastrin concentrations were raised both during and five to 31 days after stopping treatment (P less than or equal to 0.02). The integrated gastrin response and the rate of gastric emptying of the solid component of the meal were increased during treatment (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.002 respectively) but returned to pretreatment levels after stopping therapy. No significant changes were observed in the basal or maximal acid outputs or the rate of emptying of the liquid component of the meal. The results imply that the hypergastrinaemia associated with long-term cimetidine therapy does not result in increased gastric acid secretion.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1979

A single scan technique for estimating acid output.

A single scan technique using 99mTc has been developed for the measurement of gastric acid output. After an overnight fast, pentagastrin (6 microgram/kg S.C.) was given 15 min before 99mTc (1 mCi i.v.), and a scan of the abdomen was performed 15 min later using a double-headed scanner. Accumulation of isotope within the stomach was then calculated from the scan and expressed as a percentage of the injected dose. Pentagastrin-stimulated intragastric activity correlated with acid output measured conventionally on a separate occasion (r = 0.87, P less than 0.0001). The test is rapidly performed with minimal inconvenience and discomfort to the patient, and the dose of irradiation used is small. The advantages of the method compared with intubation and gastric aspiration are discussed.

Gastric Acidity Determination↗
PubMed1978

Effect of cimetidine on serum gastrin and gastric emptying in man.

Paired studies of gastric emptying were performed in 10 healthy volunteers using a scintiscanning technique which provides information about the rate of emptying of both the liquid and solid components of a standard meal. Emptying rates of both components were not significantly different after oral administration of 400 mg cimetidine than after placebo. The increase in serum gastrin concentration produced by the meal was significantly greater after cimetidine than after placebo but there was no relationship between individual cimetidine-placebo differences in gastrin response and the corresponding cimetidine-placebo differences in rates of emptying. A positive correlation was demonstrated between the gastric emptying rate of the liquid component and the 1 h cimetidine absorption, indicating that normal individual variation in gastric emptying is probably responsible for much of the normal individual variation in the rate of cimetidine absorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Techniques and errors in scintigraphic measurements of gastric emptying.

For the monitoring of gastric emptying, a gamma camera or scanner operating from one side of the patient is subject to variations of counting efficiency due to the changing depth of radioactivity. A double-headed scanner was used to investigate the effects of such changes. Tc-99m and In-113m were used as labels for the solid and liquid components of a meal. It was found that the depth of Tc-99m within the stomach decreased by a mean of 13 mm during the first half hour of emptying. Anterior detection alone underestimated emptying rates by an average of 26%. Death changes also introduced errors into "early emptying" measurements made unilaterally. Such artifacts of measurement may compromise mathematical analyses of emptying patterns.

Gastric Emptying↗
PubMed1976

Gastric emptying rate measurement in man. A double isotope scanning technique for simultaneous study of liquid and solid components of a meal.

A sequential scintiscanning method was used to study gastric emptying in a total of 46 patients given a meal of cornflakes, sugar and milk containing radioactive markers of the solid and liquid components. In control and duodenal ulcer patients, liquid emptying was faster than solid emptying and could be represented as a monoexponential process, but solid emptying followed a different pattern, better represented as linear emptying with time. However, in patients who had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy there was no evidence of differential emptying of the two markers. In addition, rapid emptying of both markers occurred in the gastrectomy patients during the first 10 min after meal ingestion but did not occur in control or duodenal ulcer patients. The observations illustrate the limitations of using liquid meals to identify the effects of gastric surgery on emptying. Measurements of early emptying and of solid-liquid differentiation are necessary for full definition of gastric emptying after ingestion of a mixed solid and liquid meal.

Animals↗