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Biomedical subjects

G P Gladyshev

Publications and source records attributed to G P Gladyshev.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Life is inalienable component of matter evolution].

The law of temporal hierarchies makes it possible to identify quasi-closed monohierarchical systems in open polyhierarchical biological systems. It is possible to use the approaches of hierarchical quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics to establish the direction of ontogenesis and evolutionary processes. The law of temporal hierarchies helps to substantiate the idea that an overwhelming majority of supramolecular and other processes (at least structure-forming ones) in biological world take place in quasi-closed systems under regimen close to the state of equilibrium. Hence the conclusion that the relevant in vivo and in vitro processes can with equal justice be studied in terms of chemical, supramolecular, and generally speaking, hierarchical thermodynamics. The thermodynamic theory of origin, evolution and development of living systems and the thermodynamic theory of biological matter circulation boost the ideas of G. Galileo, J.K Maxwell, Ch. Darwin and other classics, based on belief that there exist universal natural laws operating at all hierarchical levels of matter. The author considers that the statements of article are connected with the cogency of equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) thermodynamics, which is based on the method of full differentials.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

[Gerontology and physico-chemical dietology].

The thermodynamic theory of biological evolution and aging of living beings makes it possible to propose the individual anti-aging diets on the basis of physical chemical estimations. In some cases it is possible to recommend the special drugs and dietary supplements against the different diseases too.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

[Equilibrium thermodynamics of quasi-closed biological systems. Cell differentiation and development of organisms].

The law of temporal hierarchies makes it possible to identify quasi-closed systems in open biological systems and to use the approaches of hierarchical quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics to establish the direction of ontogenesis and evolutionary processes. A short review of the achievements in the field of evolution biological thermodynamics and the thermodynamics of aging are presented. Cell differentiation, the development of multicell organisms, and the emergence of the structures of the higher hierarchies of the biological world are assumed to be determined by the thermodynamic direction of these processes. Cell organisms contain identical genes. Only some of them, however, function in the course of differentiation and development. Gene induction and repression during differentiation are determined by the position of newly emerging cells, whose properties depend on their functional position. These properties are determined by thermodynamic parameters of the cells' environment (thermostat), whose components and physicochemical characteristics affect gene induction and repression. A holographic (three-dimensional) design of the future organism (higher structures of the biological world) is determined by the thermodynamic demand for certain genes. The latter's operation is stimulated by their environment. One of the well-known examples that corroborates the presented model is the change of gene transcription when the nature of lipids and other metabolites contained in cells are changed. Application of the principle of stability of matter to the structures of adjacent hierarchies constitutes additional proof that quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics can be applied to the biological systems of the real world.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2002

Thermodynamics of biological evolution and aging. Supramolecular thermodynamics is a key to understanding phenomena of life. What is life from a physical chemist's viewpoint.

The law of temporal hierarchies of the biological world allows us to pick out of the biomass quasi-closed thermodynamic systems with a given hierarchy. It has been established, that the use of this law of Nature as applied to supramolecular structures of organisms allows us the opportunity of using the methods of equilibrium supramolecular thermodynamics in the examination of open living systems. It has been shown that supramolecular thermodynamics is one of the "keys", which allows us to explain the origin of life and evolution of living beings. The second law of thermodynamics in its classic formulation (R. Clausius, J.W. Gibbs) is easy to apply in order to make calculations, carried out through methods of chemical, supramolecular and overall hierarchical thermodynamics.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

[Thermodynamic theory of aging explaining reasons of aging and death with standpoint of general laws of nature].

Thermodynamic theory of aging explains changes of the functions of states of cells and tissues during aging. The rates of aging depend on the genetic factors, the nature of habitat, nutrition and external influences. These rates can be different. Aging of organs, functional systems and tissues, as theirs diseases, lead decrease of adaptational ability of organism and its death.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

[Hierarchical thermodynamics and gerontology].

The phenomenon of ageing of living creatures may be studied in the context of hierarchic thermodynamics. Ageing (ontogenesis) is regarded as a process of formation of the body's submolecular structure. A concept of the degree of ageing (the completion of ontogenesis) which is evaluated from changes in the Gibbs specific function of formation of the submolecular structure of the body's biological tissues is introduced. Quantitative criteria are proposed to find differences between the chronological and thermodynamic age of biological objects. The experimentally based thermodynamic approach reveals the impact of environmental parameters on longevity. The new discipline thermodynamic gerontology which will, in terms of the physical theory, substantially affect human longevity may be hoped to be formed in the coming years.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Optical activity and evolution.

It is noted that the chemical reactions occurring in rarefied cosmic clouds (molecular concentration less than or approximately to 10(2) cm-3) differ from similar laboratory reactions by the much greater effect on the outcome of external force fields. In this light it is hypothesized that the synthesis of optically active substances may occur in the outer space under the conjoint stereospecific effect of a magnetic and other molecule-orienting field. It is further conjectured that the optically active substances of the Solar System had been produced in the course of its formation out of the primal rarefield cloud.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermodynamic theory of biological evolution and aging. Experimental verification of the theory].

Experimental data confirming original thermodynamic theory of biological evolution and aging are presented. Biological evolution (phylogenesis) and ontogenesis can be easily described within the frames of equilibrium hierarchical thermodynamics on the basis of temporal hierarchies law and the second principle of thermodynamics. The theory explains many facts and suggests new practical proposals in medical and biological science, particularly, in dietology, gerontology, and geriatrics. Application of the temporal hierarchies model to studying living nature offers horizonless possibilities for its understanding.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[On the principle of substance stability and thermodynamic feedback in hierarchic systems of the bio-world].

The creation of structural hierarchies in open natural biosystems within the framework of quasi-closed systems is investigated by the methods of hierarchic thermodynamics (thermostatics). During the evolution of natural open systems, every higher hierarchic level j appears as a consequence of thermodynamic self-organization (self-assembly) of the structures of the lower (j-1)-th level. Such a self-assembly proceeds as a result of stabilization of the j-th level. This is related to the Gibbs' (Helmholtz') specific function of formation of the structure of the j-th level tending to a minimum. As a result of action of the principle of substance (matter) stability, the structures of the j-th level are enriched with less stable structures of the (j-1)-th level in the course of evolution. This provides a thermodynamic feedback between the structures of the higher j-th level and lower (j-1)-th level, thus preventing full structural stabilization of the j-th level and causing "thermodynamic rejuvenation" of biosystems. The latter enhances "thermodynamic" deceleration of evolution and practically unlimited maintenance of life. Examples of quantitative correlations are provided that call for further application of the substance stability principle to living and nonliving hierarchic structures.

Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dynamic trends of biological evolution].

The available data on the thermodynamic stability of supramolecular biological structures and variations in the chemical composition of living organisms have allowed a macrothermodynamic model of biological evolution to be developed experimentally. In this model, the tendency toward a minimum of the specific Gibbs function of the formation of supramolecular structures of living organisms causes variations in the chemical composition and structure of living systems. It is shown that in the course of ontogenesis and phylogenesis, as well as long-lasting stages in the evolution of the organic world, the biosystems (as a result of the thermodynamic direction of evolutionary processes of the formation of supramolecular structures) are enriched with energy-intensive chemical substances, which displace water from these biosystems. The change in the composition and structure of biostructures of an adaptive character is also explained from the angle of macrothermodynamics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The thermodynamic direction of biological evolution. The model and the reality].

A macrothermodynamic model of evolution of the supramolecular structures and chemical composition of living objects during ontogenesis and at long-term stages of general biological evolution is presented. A study of quasiclosed (thermodynamically and kinetically) systems, phases of the biomass supramolecular structures, enables a conclusion on the thermodynamic direction of biological evolution to be made. In correspondence with the second principle, this direction leads to variations in the chemical composition and structure of the living systems during their development. Indirect and direct evidence of the trend to a minimal Gibbs specific function of formation of the supramolecular structures in animal tissues during ontogenesis are presented. The conclusion that thermodynamics is the "driving force" of evolution of the biological world is confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Thermodynamics of aging].

The findings of macrothermodynamics (supramolecular thermodynamics) of quasi-closed systems and the published data about the variation of the chemical composition of living organisms in ontogeny confirm the thermodynamic tendency of aging processes. According to the thermodynamic theory, the specific value of the Gibbs function of the formation of supramolecular structures of the organism tends to a minimum. That tendency explains the variation of supramolecular and chemical composition and the morphology of tissues during aging. Thermodynamic theory makes it possible to define the principles upon which proper diets and medications can be devised to slow down aging. Such diets and medications are also useful in preventative care and in the treatment of various pathologies, including those related to old age. The chemical stability of the supramolecular structures of tissues makes it possible to understand the causes of the essentially continuous evolution of the biological world from the perspective of the second law of thermodynamics.

Aging↗