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Biomedical subjects

G Orth

Publications and source records attributed to G Orth.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Identification of papillomaviruses in butchers' warts.

We have studied the papillomaviruses found in the hand warts of 60 butchers, most of them from 2 distant slaughterhouses. Warts differing in morphology and location were studied separately. The viruses were identified by molecular hybridization, restriction enzyme analysis and immunofluorescence. Four known human papillomaviruses (HPV-1, HPV-2, HPV-3, HPV-4) were detected and one hitherto unknown papillomavirus was identified in 9 butchers. The DNA of the latter virus did not anneal with any of the RNAs complementary to either HPV-1 to HPV-5 or bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNAs, and showed a Hind II + III restriction enzyme cleavage pattern distinct from those of known HPVs and BPVs. This virus showed distinct antigenic properties, as shown by immunofluorescence, using HPV-1, -2, -3, -5, and BPV-1 antisera. It may represent a new type of human papillomavirus (HPV-7) or a yet unidentified animal papillomavirus. In addition, 6 butchers were found to be infected with a papillomavirus, distinct from the known skin HPVs and from BPV-1, which could not be characterized by restriction enzyme analysis. Eleven butchers were found to be infected by 2 viruses. A characteristic histological pattern was found to be associated with the different papillomaviruses.

Bovine papillomavirus 1↗
PubMed1981

T cell defect in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis due to human papillomavirus type 3 and 5.

Most of the patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) were anergic to sensitization to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and were shown to have a decreased number of T lymphocytes and reduced lymphocyte PHA responsiveness. Preserved cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was found only in the abortive cases of EV infected with human papillomavirus type 3 (HPV-3). CMI was impaired to the same extent in patients with EV induced by HPV-3 and HPV-5, and in EV cases with combined infection with both viruses. In contrast to this, malignant transformation, i.e. of Bowen's carcinoma type, was observed only in the 7 patients infected with HPV-5. This could indicate that malignancy in EV is related rather to the oncogenic potential of HPV-5 type than to the extent of T cell defect that was similar in both EV varieties due to HPV-3 and HPV-5.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An unusual wart-like skin lesion found in a renal allograft recipient.

Immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients have an increased tendency to acquire warts. While studying such patients, we found a virus-induced, wart-like lesion that had an unusual histologic picture. Light microscopic studies showed bizarre keratinocytes with cytoplasmic, juxtanuclear, giant, crescentic bodies and round, nuclear inclusions, By electron microscopy, the giant cytoplasmic bodies were found to be composed of tonofilaments, and the nuclear inclusions were found to be composed of papillomavirus-like particles in a filamentous matrix. Typical papillomavirus particles were observed in a wart extract by the negative-staining method. Although virus was abundant in infected cells, no structural viral antigens of the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 1, 2, 3, or 5 could be detected by immunofluorescence microscopy, indicating infection by HPV 4 or some other, as yet undescribed, HPV type.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A potentially oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV-5) found in two renal allograft recipients.

We have observed 2 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients with skin lesions induced by human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV-5). One recipient had multiple pityriasis versicolor-like (PV-like) skin lesions on his arms and trunk, and multiple Bowenoid in-situ skin cancers. The other had 2 warty lesions on the back of her fingers. Structural antigens of human papillomavirus type 5 (HPV-5) were identified in benign lesions from both patients by immunofluorescence. The histologic and ultrastructural features observed in lesions from both patients were similar to those previously seen in HPV-5-induced lesions occurring in patients with the rare disease epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The severe form of EV is characterized by HPV-5-induced PV-like lesions, multiple skin cancers, and usually depressed cell-mediated immunity. The picture seen in one of our renal allograft recipients recalls this severe form of EV. HPV-5, until now, has been found only in EV patients. The role of this potentially oncogenic virus in skin cancers which are known to occur with increased frequency in immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients must be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Comparative studies on cell-mediated immunity in patients with different warts.

The distribution of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes, the in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA, and in vivo experimental DNCB sensitization were studied in patients with different clinical forms of warts (common, 84; flat, 88; plantar, 22; genital, 14) and in 15 cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The percentage of T lymphocytes forming E rosettes was significantly decreased in patients with common (54.8%), flat (47.5%) and plantar (58.3%) warts, and those with EV (47.6%) in comparison with normal controls (68.4%). The DNCB sensitivity developed less frequently and it was less intensive in patients with common and flat warts than in the normal population. 60% of EV cases were anergic to challenging doses of DNCB. The lymphocyte response to PHA was reduced in all groups of patients studied as compared to normals. T cell function was found to be most defective in patients with EV and those with flat warts. Only a slight but statistically significant defect was demonstrated in the common wart group. CMI in patients with both plantar and genital warts was shown to be almost normal; except minor alterations of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation and E rosetting T lymphocyte counts. These data have shown the divergency of CMI defect in the patients with different clinical forms of warts caused by various HPV types. This could indicate that distinct HPV types varied in their infectiveness and host cell-mediated resistance is a fundamental factor preventing viral infection.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis versus disseminated verrucae planae: is epidermodysplasia verruciformis a generalized infection with wart virus?

Recently it has been shown that epidermodysplasia verruciformis is induced by human papilloma/virus different from the papilloma/virus of warts, and that 2 distinct viruses-designated HPV-3 and HP-4--are responsible for it. Ten cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis were found to have been caused by HPV-3. Clinically and histologically, as well as in the often depressed cell-mediated immunity they closely resembled long-standing verrucae planae, also caused by HPV-3. Contrariwise, in epidermodysplasia verruciformis caused by HPV-4 there are characteristic red, red-brown, and depigmented, pityriasis versicolor-like plaques, and malignant transformation seems almost inevitable. Cases due to HPV-3 may be abortive or even regressive, or stationary, and hard to distinguish from flat warts. No malignant conversion was seen in patients infected only with HPV-3, whereas it occurred in 2 patients infected with both viruses: HPV-3 and HPV-4. Pigmented plaques are the most important adverse prognostic sign in EV induced by HPV-3.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Twenty-one years of follow-up studies of familial epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

21 years of follow-up study of a family with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (e.v.) have shown that members of one family can be infected with different human papillomaviruses (HPVs), either HPV 3 or HPV 4, and sometimes with both. The clinical picture resembled disseminated flat warts in cases induced by HPV 3, whereas in those caused by HPV 4 there were flat red or red-brownish plaques and depigmented pityriasis versicolor-like lesions. Malignancies developed only in family members infected with HPV 4, whereas the cases due to HPV 3 ran a more benign and slowly progressive or stationary course. There were also abortive and regressive cases, and the 3 children in whom the wart-like lesions did not recur after removal had an unimpaired cell-mediated immunity (CMI). In all cases of e.v., irrespective of the inducing virus, CMI was low, which seems to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease. Humoral antibodies directed specifically against HPV 3 were present in the majority of the cases, mainly those infected with HPV 3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[New developments relating to papillomaviruses].

Molecular hybridization technique and immunofluorescence studies with use of specific immune sera against the purified virions isolated from various types of warts and wart-like lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) made it possible to detect four different types of human papilloma viruses (HPV). The recognition of the viruses is important because of the different morphology of the lesions induced and their various oncogenic potentials. HPV1 is mainly responsible for plantar warts, HPV2 for common (hand) warts, HPV3 has been found both in flat warts and in the variety of EV in which skin lesions are of flat wart type, the course is relatively more benign, and usually malignant transformation is not to be expected. HPV4 was up to now found exclusively in the cases of EV with prevalent red and red-brownish plaques and hyper- and depigmentations similar to those of pityriasis versicolor. In all cases of this variety of EV malignancies occured invariably. In patients with EV, as also in--to a lesser extent--longstanding flat and/or common warts cell mediated immunity was in general lowered, but humoral specific anti-HPV antibodies were usually present. HPV type seems to be of a decisive significance for potential oncogenesis, because in a vast majority of cases EV due to HPV3 no malignancies occured in spite of anergy, whereas malignant transformation has been found in all cases due to HPV4, even in a patient with still preserved, although lowered, CMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Characterization of two types of human papillomaviruses in lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) found in lesions of 11 patients suffering from epidermodysplasia verruciformis were compared to HPV type 1 (HPV-1) and HPV type 2 (HPV-2) previously characterized in plantar and common warts, respectively. Complementary RNAs (cRNAs) to HPV-1, HPV-2, and viruses obtained from two patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (J.D. HPV and J.K. HPV) were used in cRNA.DNA filter hybridization experiments. No sequence homology was detected between HPV-1 or HPV-2 DNAs and DNAs obtained from the 11 epidermodysplasia verruciformis HPV isolates. Furthermore, with J.D. and J.K. HPV cRNAs, epidermodysplasia verruciformis HPV DNAs fell into two groups showing little, if any, sequence homology. A lower extent of annealing was observed for the DNAs of some isolates showing a genetic heterogeneity within each of the two groups. Almost no antigenic crossreaction was detected by immunodiffusion and indirect immunofluorescence tests, either between epidermodysplasia verruciformis HPVs and HPV-1 or HPV-2 or between J.D. and J.K. HPVs. Viruses belonging to the same group have common antigenic properties, but antigenic differences were observed when two of the viruses sharing only partial DNA sequence homology were compared. Viruses related to J.D. HPV were preferentially associated with flat wart-like lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis and were further found in the lesions of five patients bearing multiple flat warts. Viruses related to J.K. HPV were found in morphologically distinct lesions (red spots) present in some patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Thus, we propose to distinguish two other types of HPVs designated provisionally as HPV type 3 (HPV-3) and HPV type 4 (HPV-4), with J.D. and J.K. HPVs as prototypes, respectively. Malignant conversion of some epidermodysplasia verruciformis lesions is more frequently associated with HPV-4 than with HPV-3 infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The human papillomaviruses.

Recent biochemical and serological studies have shown the existence of at least four distinct types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) causing benign skin lesions. These viruses show hardly no antigenic relationships; their DNAs differ by their sensitivity to restriction endonucleases, and show little, if any, sequence homology, as detected by molecular hybridization using complementary RNAs transcribed in vitro. Data on the pathogenicity of HPVs are still incomplete but indicate that some types of benign skin lesions (plantar warts, common warts, flat warts) may be preferentially associated with some types of HPV. Most interesting is that epidermodysplasia verruciformis has been found associated with two types of virus, and that malignant conversion of some lesions has been observed in all the patients infected with one of them. This suggests that at least a HPV may have a higher oncogenic potential, as do rabbit (Shope) papillomavirus and bovine alimentary tract papillomavirus. Much remains to be known on human papilloma-viruses and further studies may lead to the characterization of additional types of HPVs, especially in genital condylomata acuminata and laryngeal papillomas whose malignant conversion, although rare, may be observed. Progress in this field has been and remains hampered by the lack of cell culture systems allowing replication of these highly host and tissue specific viruses, and by the widely variable virus content of the different human lesions known to be associated with a papillomavirus. Further studies are warranted by the possible role of these widespread and epitheliotropic viruses in the origin of some carcinomas in man.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1978

Immunological studies in epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Immunofluorescence and cell mediated immunity studies have been performed in 14 cases of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), 3 of those abortive or regressing in members of the families of the patients with EV. Two different types of human papillomavirus (HPV)--HPV3 and HPV4--have been found in cases of EV. HPV3 was detected also in flat warts without features of EV. There was no cross-reactivity between these two viruses, neither with HPV1 responsible for plantar warts nor with HPV2 inducing common warts. There was a relationship between the type of HPV and the clinical picture of EV as well as the malignant transformation, namely HPV4 has been found to be more oncogenic. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) seems to be an important factor because it was depressed in a vast majority of active cases and preserved in regressing and abortive cases (in the members of the families of EV patients). However, low CMI has been found in EV cases infected with HPV3 and in persistent flat warts also due to HPV3, which did not undergo malignant transformation. In contrast, in a case of EV due to HPV4 a malignant transformation occured in spite of still preserved, although lowered CMI. Various human papillomaviruses seem to differ in their oncogenic potential. HPV1 responsible for plantar warts, and HPV2 for common warts have no evident oncogenic potential, HPV3 inducing both EV and flat warts has a low oncogenicity, whereas HPV4 inducing some cases of EV seems more oncogenic.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Identification of an immunologically distinct papillomavirus from lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

Virions isolated from warts of 2 siblings with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a rare disease characterized by the lifelong growth of warty skin tumors containing papova-like virions, were compared to isolates of human papillomavirus (HPV) from 3 pools of plantar and common hand warts. The length of relaxed, circular (form II) molecules of EV virion DNA approximated the length of HPV DNA but was 3.3% longer. Antisera prepared in rabbits against the 3 HPV pools coated and aggregated HPV in immune electron microscopy (IEM) tests but did not react with EV virions. These antisera reacted at high titers in complement fixation (CF) tests with HPV and reacted only weakly in CF tests with EV virions. Rabbit antisera to EV virions coated and aggregated EV virions but reacted only weakly or not at all with HPV virions in IEM tests. These sera reacted in CF with EV virions only. The data indicated that virions from the EV patients represent an immunologically distinct papillomavirus.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Chromatin-like structures obtained after alkaline disruption of bovine and human papillomaviruses.

Four low-molecular-weight polypeptides migrating like H2a, H2b, H3, and H4 calf liver histones were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of highly purified preparations of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Complexes of these polypeptides and viral DNA were isolated by agarose-gel filtration of the alkaline disruption products of both viruses. When observed under the electron microscope, these complexes appeared as circular structures composed of nucleosomes with a diameter of about 8.0 nm interconnected by a naked DNA filament. The maximal frequency of nucleosomes per molecule was 30 for both viruses, corresponding to a condensation ratio of the viral DNA of 2.5.

Bovine papillomavirus 1↗
PubMed1977

Human papillomavirus DNA: physical mapping of the cleavage sites of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BamI) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HpaII) endonucleases and evidence for partial heterogeneity.

The DNA of human papillomavirus (HPV) obtained from a pool of plantar warts is cleaved by bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BamI) and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (HpaII) restriction endonucleases at one and four specific sites, respectively. These sites were localized on the previously established cleavage map of HPV DNA, using the Hind, HindIII, HpaI, and EcoRI endonuclease restriction sites as reference. The four HpaII sites were mapped, clockwise, at 1.4, 41.1, 44.3, and 52.8% of the genome length from the unique BamI cleavage site taken as point zero. The HpaII site mapped at 1.4% of the genome length was absent in 40 to 50% of the molecules, thus showing a genetic heterogeneity of HPV DNA.

Bacillus↗