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Biomedical subjects

G Olive

Publications and source records attributed to G Olive.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Double blind study of vitamin E compared to placebo in the prevention of anemia in the low birth weight infant during the 7th week of life: therapeutic study].

alpha-tocopherol and placebo were compared by a double-blind trial to study their preventive effect on secondary anemia in a sample of low birth weight (less than or equal 2,500 g) infants. In the 7th week of life, hematological data from each of the two groups of infants (receiving vitamin E or placebo) were compared either by covariance analysis or by the t test of comparison of means. The infants who were given vitamin E have a higher serum level of vitamin E, a lower hemolysis, a higher erythrocyte count and a higher hemoglobin level than infants given the placebo. No significant difference was observed with respect to hematocrit or reticulocyte count. Thus, it appears that vitamin E has an effect on some of the factors in the anemia of infants of low birth weight.

Anemia, Neonatal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pregnandiol on caffeine metabolism in female rats.

Three groups of six 5-week-old Sprague Dawley female rats received i.p. injections of pregnandiol, 1.25, 2.50 or 5 mg/kg, respectively, in triolein daily for 7 days. Caffeine metabolism was studied in liver slices on day 8 by HPLC. Only primary metabolites were formed. N-1 demethylation was the most important pathway (theobromine represented 51% of total dimethylxanthines). Unlike in human in vitro or in vivo, 1,3,7-DAU (6-amino-5-(N-formylmethylamino)-1,3-dimethyluracil) was an important metabolite (9.7% of total caffeine metabolites). Pregnandiol inhibited N-1, N-3 and N-7 demethylation in vitro (-33%, -33% and -28%, respectively, at 5 mg/kg/day), but it had no effect on N-1 demethylation at 1.25 or 2.50 mg/kg/day. Pregnandiol at all doses had no effect on 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid and 1,3,7-DAU formation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that C-8 hydroxylation and demethylation of caffeine are mediated by different isoenzymes. They indicate that pregnandiol is a potent inhibitor of microsomal drug metabolism, specifically of cytochrome P450 IA, which could explain the immaturity of some metabolic pathways of caffeine in neonates.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Placental monoamine oxidase content and inhibition: effect of enzyme inhibition on maternofetal transfer of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in the human placenta in vitro.

The effect of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition on maternofetal transfer of noradrenaline (NA) has been investigated in vitro using dual perfusion of isolated human placental lobules. As a first step, placental MAO content and its sensitivity to inhibition by pargyline were assessed in incubation studies of homogenates as well as during perfusion, taking rat liver as reference. Our results show that the human placenta, though it contains as great an enzyme activity as rat liver, was less sensitive to inhibition by pargyline than the latter. MAO inhibition by pargyline significantly reduced the NA clearance from maternal to fetal circulation. Thus the proportion of unmetabolized NA radioactivity in fetal venous samples decreased significantly after pargyline treatment. A concomitant rise in the proportion of mainly O-methylated metabolites was also observed. We speculate that the apparent activation of catechol-O-methyl transferase pathway, observed in our studies on MAO inhibition, may play an important role in limiting NA transfer towards the fetus in toxaemic pregnancies associated with the reduction in placental MAO.

Albuterol↗