Biomedical subjects

G Nylander

Publications and source records attributed to G Nylander.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1984

On thrombo-embolism after total hip replacement in epidural analgesia: a controlled study of dextran 70 and low-dose heparin combined with dihydroergotamine.

A prospective study of thrombo-embolism after total hip replacement in epidural analgesia was carried out in 116 patients, randomly allocated to dextran 70 or low-dose heparin combined with dihydroergotamine (HDHE). Amounts of blood loss and transfused bank blood did not differ significantly between dextran 70 and HDHE prophylaxis. There was a lower incidence of femoral deep vein thromboses in patients given dextran prophylaxis as compared with those on HDHE (P less than 0.05). However, the total frequency of DVT and the frequency of pulmonary embolism did not differ between the two groups. There was no case of fatal pulmonary embolism. The side effects were major bleeding complications in 7 per cent of the HDHE group as compared to none in the dextran group. No anaphylactic reaction was noted from dextran 70 using hapten-dextran prophylaxis.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Partial colon resection as a promotor of cancer growth in the rat.

Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with dimethylhydrazine (DMH) once a week for three months. After a treatment-free period of five months, they were subjected to minimal colon resection with an end-to-end anastomosis. Autopsy (one year after the discontinuation of DMH treatment, and seven months after surgery) demonstrated anastomotic tumors in 50% of the animals. Conclusions were that the carcinogen had induced genetic changes in the nonmigrating stem cells in the colonic crypts and that the chronic reparative process resulting from surgical trauma may have promoted colonic cells to induce tumors at the suture line.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1984

Carcinogenesis at colonic anastomotic sites. An animal study.

For three months 65 male Sprague-Dawley rats received subcutaneous 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) weekly. Of the 65 animals, 45 were subjected to resection of the transverse colon, which subsequently was stitched to the abdominal wall. The remaining 20 animals were sham-operated controls. Fifty-four per cent of the tumors occurred either at the anastomotic site in the functioning colon (31 per cent) or at the anastomotic site of the isolated and defunctionalized colonic loop (23 per cent). On the other hand, only 10 per cent of the tumors occurred in the transverse colon of sham-operated controls. The difference was significant (P less than 0.001).

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗

PubMed1984

The need for replantation surgery after traumatic amputations of the upper extremity--an estimate based upon the epidemiology of Sweden.

Reports in the literature give different views of the frequency of serious amputation injuries of the upper extremity. In Sweden the vast majority of work injuries are registered by the Swedish Labour Market Insurance. All registered serious amputation injuries of the upper extremity in Sweden (8 million inhabitants) during 1979 were investigated in this study. For comparison the frequency of all amputation injuries (work and leisure) of the upper extremity in a county of Sweden (0.4 million inhabitants) during five years (1976-1980) were studied. The overall (work and leisure) incidence in Sweden is fourteen serious amputation injuries of the upper extremity per million inhabitants annually, i.e. a total number in the country of 110 cases per year. The frequency is lower in the areas of the largest cities and substantially higher in regions with sawmills, mechanical industry and/or agriculture. Thus, estimation of the total incidence based upon single counties or smaller regions may be misleading. Replantation would have been technically possible in more than 70% of the cases, but attempts at replantation were only carried out in less than 10% of the serious cases. This study emphasizes the importance of a referral of all patients with a suitable injury of the upper extremity to microsurgically trained handsurgeons.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1984

Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on oedema formation after a scald burn.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been advocated as an adjuvant in the therapy of thermal burns. One of the positive effects was reported to be a decrease in fluid requirements. The effect of HBO on oedema formation was evaluated in the burned area and in distant areas. Fifty-four mice were used in a standardized scald burn model, burning their left ear. Biopsies were taken from the left and right ear and from the quadriceps muscle 2, 6 and 24 hours after burn. Half of the group was treated with HBO immediately after burn. In the burned HBO treated group the oedema of the burned ear was not significantly different from that of burned untreated mice. With HBO treatment the water content in the contralateral ear was significantly (P less than 0.01) lower and in these animals the water content of the contralateral uninjured ear was not significantly different from that of uninjured untreated animals. In the burned HBO treated animals there was a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower water content of the quadriceps muscle 2 and 24 hours after burn compared to the burned untreated animals. This experimental study indicates a significant reduction of the general post-burn oedema with a HBO treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Influence of fasting and bombesin-induced myoelectric activity on the transit of small-intestinal contents in the rat.

The relation between the occurrence of the migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC) and the transit of small-intestinal contents was studied in fasted, conscious rats. MMC were monitored by means of three bipolar electrodes implanted along the small intestine 5, 20, and 35 cm distal to the pylorus. In the presence of an MMC, the radioactive marker was transported along the small intestine as one main peak and recovered aboral to the activity front. Intravenous infusion of bombesin, 3 pmol X kg-1 X min-1, disrupted the MMC and induced irregular spiking activity at all recording levels. Furthermore, during bombesin infusion the radioactive marker was propelled a considerable distance, although the transit was significantly retarded in comparison to that in the presence of an MMC (p less than 0.01). The results indicate that the small-intestinal contents are propelled aboral to an activity front. Continuous irregular spiking activity during bombesin infusion contributes less to the transit of the small-intestinal contents than the activity front of MMC observed during fasting.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Pharyngeal dysfunction after treatment for pharyngeal cancer with surgery and radiotherapy.

Radiologic examinations of the pharynx were performed in 13 patients presenting with dysphagia following treatment of pharyngeal cancer with excision and radiotherapy. The conventional single-film technique or double-contrast examination was unremarkable, although 2 patients had clinical evidence for local recurrence. The patients were also examined with cineradiography using a film speed of 50 and 100 frames/sec. Various functional abnormalities (pharyngeal paresis, epiglottic dysfunction, dysfunction of the laryngeal vestibule, cricopharyngeal incoordination, and cervical esophageal webs) were found in all but 1 patient. The results indicate that functional abnormalities of the pharynx secondary to radiotherapy and surgery are common in patients who have dysphagia after treatment. These functional pharyngeal disorders are accurately diagnosed with cineradiography.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Cineradiography in 45 patients with acute dysphagia.

The function of the pharyngoesophageal stage of deglutition was studied by cineradiography in 45 patients with an acute onset of dysphagia. None of the patients had any radiographically detectable foreign body in the pharynx or esophagus. In 34 of the patients (76%) a functional or morphodynamic abnormality was disclosed; a defective closure of the laryngeal vestibule (26 patients), defective movements of the epiglottis (18 patients), uncoordinated relaxation of the cricopharyngeal muscle (14 patients), paresis of pharyngeal constrictor muscles (9 patients), and cervical webs (9 patients). In 21 of the patients more than 1 type of dysfunction was present. The results of this study suggest that cineradiography of the pharyngoesophageal stage of deglutition is useful in patients with acute dysphagia, without a foreign body, as functional abnormalities often can explain the patients' complaints.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1983

Lateral diverticula from the pharyngo-esophageal junction area.

Conventional single-radiograph technique and cineradiography were used for examination of the pharyngo-esophageal junction area during contrast medium swallowing in 500 patients with dysphagia and in 150 volunteers with no swallowing complaints. Seventeen pharyngoesophageal diverticula were found, emerging in the lateral or latero-anterior direction just below the cricopharyngeal muscle indentation. Of these, 13 had wide openings and seven had narrow openings; these forms differed in shape and in retention of contrast material during the swallowing cycle. The delineation and discrimination of the type and behavior of the diverticula were more accurately done on the cineradiographs than on the single radiographs. Five freshly obtained specimens of the pharynx and esophagus were also dissected; a weak triangular area was found located caudally to the cricopharyngeal muscle (transverse portion) in the lateral and anterior aspect of the pharyngo-esophageal junction area.

Cineradiography↗

PubMed1983

Solute equilibrium over the extracellular fluid space in haemorrhagic hypotension: a study in a cannulated thoracic duct model.

Haemorrhagic hypotension, 50 mm Hg, has been inflicted on non-starved rats. Osmolar and solute developments have been followed in lymph and arterial plasma to assess diffusion and equilibration characteristics of the initial stages of haemorrhage. Lymph flow changes have reflected an intracellular fluid mobilization to the interstitium, caused by an osmotic gradient due to the elevated levels of glucose. A fluid homeostatic effect of pseudodiabetes associated with stress and haemorrhage is postulated.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion by acid perfusion of the duodenum in chronic gastric fistula rats.

The effect of duodenal acid perfusion on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats provided with a chronic gastric fistula, gastroenterostomy, and a 4-cm blind duodenal loop anastomosed to the jejunum. During maximal acid stimulation with intravenous pentagastrin (16 micrograms X kg-1 h-1) the loop was perfused with 0.15 M NaCl or 0.05 M, 0.10 M, or 0.20 M HCl at a rate of 2 ml X h-1. Perfusion with 0.05 M HCl did not significantly alter pentagastrin-stimulated secretion. 0.10 M and 0.20 M HCl reduced the 2-h acid response by 56% and 63%, respectively. Acid secretion returned to control level after cessation of acid perfusion. It is concluded that physiological amounts of HCl in the duodenum inhibits maximal acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Webs and web-like formations in the pharynx and cervical esophagus.

Webs were registered in the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus in 63 out of 500 dysphagial patients (12.5%) examined by radiography (single-film and cineradiography). Of these webs three were located above the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle. All the webs had smooth contours, were distinct and appeared unchanged on repeated swallowings. They were located mostly in the anterior wall, but could be circular. Such webs were found in only 2 of the 150 volunteers (1.3%). Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that these webs may give rise to dysphagia. Another form of mucosal folding on swallowing was registered in the lateral wall of the pharynx at the distal margin of the piriform sinuses in 16 of the 500 dysphagial patients (3.2%) and in 9 of the 150 nondysphagial volunteers (6%). This web-like phenomenon could be reproduced and identified in 5 freshly obtained autopsy specimens in which a mucosal fold was regularly formed on distention at the distal margin of the piriform sinuses due to loosely attached mucosa. This mucosal folding does not seem to have any pathologic significance nor does it cause dysphagia. With the aid of cineradiography it is possible to distinguish true webs from other web-like phenomena that are due to the described insignificant mucosal foldings.

Cineradiography↗

PubMed1982

Pharyngeal constrictor paresis in patients with dysphagia: a cineradiographic study.

Among 250 patients examined by cineradiography because of dysphagia 25 were found to have a more or less pronounced paresis of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle. The paresis included all three portions of the muscle in six patients. A localised lesion was found in 19 patients and included the superior portion of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle in one patient, the middle portion in 16 patients and the middle and inferior portions in two patients. All 25 patients exhibited concomitant cineradiographic abnormalities, including impairment of the tilting down of the epiglottis, dysfunction of the cricopharyngeal muscle and retention of barium in the pharynx. With the aid of cineradiography it is possible to disclose an underlying pharyngeal constrictor paresis in about 10% of patients with dysphagia who are referred for radiographic examination. In most patients suffering from a localised pharyngeal paresis the diagnosis will be overlooked in a routine examination, but will be easily demonstrated with cineradiography.

Aged↗

PubMed1982

Effects of intraluminal pressure on regional blood flow in obstructed and unobstructed small intestines in the rat.

Small bowel circulation in the rat was studied with the microsphere technique before and after 10 minutes of elevated intraintestinal pressure. A distal small bowel loop consisting of 10 vascular arcades was used. The specimens were inflated with nitrogen gas. Regional blood flow in both obstructed and unobstructed small bowels was significantly diminished by an intraintestinal pressure of 40 mm Hg. A pressure of 20 mm Hg impaired circulation only in the obstructed small intestine, whereas the unobstructed intestine did not show a similar decrease. These findings suggest that moderate intraluminal pressures can imply a potential hazard to the vulnerable capillary bed of an obstructed intestine. Hence, it is suggested that intraoperative decompression should be performed to avoid this postoperative threat to bowel viability.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Water-ionic shifts and absorption in relation ot intraintestinal hyperosmolality in the rat.

In the rat, a recirculating intestinal perfusion model has been used for a combined study of absorption and transmucosal water-ionic shifts related to intraluminal hyperosmolality. Passive absorption of iodide and active absorption of selenomethionine were not inhibited by intraluminal hyperosmolality. The jejunum was demonstrated to have a greater capacity than the ileum to equilibrate intraluminal hyperosmolality by dilution and to supply its content with cations. The main net movement of sodium into the intestinal lumen was independent of net fluid volume shifts, but constant and specific with respect to time and intestinal level. The experimental model and the findings have been discussed in relation to absorption and obstructive ileus.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

The Niebauer-Cutter prosthesis in excision arthroplasty of the trapezium.

Sixteen patients had excision arthroplasty of the trapezium, using the Niebauer-Cutter prosthesis. The average period of postoperative follow-up was thirteen months. All patients had severe preoperative disabilities and the majority were relieved from resting pain and pain during active use of their hands. The postoperative range of motion with regard to the palmar and radial abduction was found to be satisfactory, while varying degrees of limitation of circumduction was the rule. There was no correlation between the patients' own judgment of the postoperative benefits and the objectively measured range of motion. One patient had a luxation of the prosthesis, while another had a subluxation when opposing the thumb. This frequency of luxation/subluxation seems to be less than that experienced with the other common type of prosthesis, the Swanson prosthesis. Although it is obvious that the ideal prosthesis for treatment of disabilities in the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is still not available, it was concluded that the Niebauer-Cutter prosthesis is the best choice at the present.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1982

Non-dysplastic villous changes in endoscopic biopsies in ulcerative colitis with carcinoma.

Three cases of long-standing ulcerative colitis and invasive adenocarcinoma are described. In all three cases, pre-operative rectal and/or colonoscopic biopsies demonstrated the presence of a villous adenoma: two without dysplasia and the third with moderate dysplasia. The presence of structures compatible with villous adenoma should be, even in the absence of epithelial dysplasia, an indication for panproctocolectomy in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1982

Effects of neurotensin on the transit of gastrointestinal contents in the rat.

In this study the influence of neurotensin on gastric emptying, transit of gastrointestinal contents and ileo-cecal emptying was studied in the conscious rat. A bolus of radioactive marker was deposited in the gastrointestinal lumen and was monitored at different time intervals during its passage along the bowel. Gastric emptying was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by i.v. infusion of 6 and 12 (p less than 0.01) pmol x kg-1 x min-1 of neurotensin. The transit of the gastrointestinal contents was retarded by 3 (p less than 0.001) and 6 (p less than 0.001) pmol x kg-1 x min-1. In addition, at 12 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 the distribution of the radioactivity was spread out and the radioactive front migrated farther. Infusion of 6 pmol x kg-1 x min-1 of neurotensin also produced spreading of the radioactivity in the intestine with proximal pooling and rapid migration of the front of the radioactive bolus (p less than 0.001). Ileo-cecal emptying was inhibited by neurotensin at 6 pmol x kg-1 x min-1, with pooling of the radioactivity proximal to the ileo-cecal valve (p less than 0.001). These data indicate that neurotensin prolongs the transit time of the chyme in the stomach and small intestine. Thus, neurotensin may facilitate thorough digestion of the chyme in the small intestine and enhance the absorption of nutrients.

Animals↗