[Effect of clonidine].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Antihypertensive Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
G Nagy
Publications and source records attributed to G Nagy.
[Affective disorders in a district of Budapest].
After thorough preparatory work, the authors examined the incidence of affective disorders in a representative sample amounting to 1.2% of the population (750 inhabitants) of the XXI. district of Budapest. The presents study is the second one in Hungary to apply the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), a popular method frequently used in the international literature, supplementing this with socio-demographic data and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Their survey showed a low level of religiosity in the sample and a high level of drinking even by self-admission. Patients with major depression (MD) and dysthymia proved to be at almost exactly the same risk of suicide. A high percentage of those suffering MD and bipolar disorder sought medical help. The point and lifetime prevalence were the following: MD 3.7% and 10.9%, dysthymia 2.9% and 5.3, bipolar disorders zero and 1.07%. Their data closely match the values found in the literature. The values measured by the DIS are very close to those of full version of BDI, a finding which confirms that the full version of BDI is very reliable indicator of major depressive states.
Adolescent↗
[Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases].
The rheumatological, ophthalmological- and dermatological complications are the most common ones among the extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The incidence of skin manifestations is estimated to be 15-20% in case of Crohn's disease and 10% in case of ulcerative colitis. The so called specific lesions (perianal fissures, metastatic Crohn's disease), which are part of the skin symptoms associated with IBD, show a intimate connections with the bowel disease itself, as they histologically show granulomatous inflammation with epitheloid cells, similar to the ones seen in the intestines. The reactive lesion (erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangraenosum), that form the second main group of skin changes, can also be found is other systemic diseases, but they are more frequently associated with IBD than the average. Cutaneous manifestations may occur due to malabsorption or drug therapy. Finally, there are dermatoses (epidermolysis bullosa acquisitia, acne fulminans) which have a still questionable connection with IBD. Authors present an overview of the IBD's possible skin and mucosal symptoms and their prognostic significance and they demonstrate some rare common skin manifestations found among the IBD patients of Borsod Country (580 ulcerative colitis, 265 Crohn's disease) in the last 25 years.
Colitis, Ulcerative↗
[New method for the intraoperative biochemical monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid in surgery of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms].
Paraplegia remains to be one of the most dangerous complications following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery with an incidence of 0.5 to 40%. Therefore, intraoperative monitoring of spinal cord function is very important when choosing the appropriate surgical technique. Early detection of spinal cord injury continues to be a crucial problem, moreover, the currently applied electrophysiological methods appear to be inaccurate. The aim of the study was to detect prospective spinal cord injury intraoperatively by monitoring the biochemical parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The authors studied the reversible aerobic/anaerobic metabolic changes by monitoring CSF lactate levels, moreover S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations--specific for neuroglia and neuronal injury, respectively. One of the important methods to prevent paraplegia is the intraoperative CSF drainage, which may improve spinal cord perfusion. Between 1996-1998 51 patients underwent reconstructive thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm operation. The continuously drained CSF was collected in 10 ml fractions during the preparation, whereas during aortic cross-clamping and de-clamping 10 minute fractions were used. All CSF samples were immediately analysed intraoperatively for pH, pCO2, HCO3, potassium and lactate levels, S-100 protein and NSE were analysed by immunoluminescence. CSF lactate levels increased slightly during aortic clamping and a moderate, but non-significant increase was found in the hyperemic phase (reperfusion) in patients without spinal cord ischemia. Spinal cord injury was detected in 7 cases. These patients exhibited a significant CSF-lactate increase (control vs aortic cross-clamping: 1.9 vs 5.3 mmol/l), moreover CSF-lactate remained elevated throughout the whole operation. Paraplegia did not occur, Tarlov 2 paraparesis developed in four cases and three patients displayed cerebral damage. Intraoperative CSF--especially CSF-lactate--monitoring may help the operating team to detect early anaerobic changes of the metabolism the spinal cord.
Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
Pathogenicity islands of uropathogenic E. coli and evolution of virulence.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Escherichia coli↗
Analysis of the hemolysin determinants of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain 536.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bacterial Proteins↗
Screen-printed amperometric microcell for proline iminopeptidase enzyme activity assay.
A microfabricated amperometric microcell was designed and used for the determination of proline iminopeptidase (PIP) enzyme activity in 2-10-microl samples. The measurements were made in the range of 10.3-841.5 mU/ml enzyme activities. The sensitivity of the determinations was between - 0.0195 and - 0.0203 microA ml/mU per min. The coefficient of variation of the determined values ranged between 2.8 (at 561.2 mU/ml) and 24.1% (at 10.3 mU/ml). The microcell was manufactured on an alumina substrate using screen-printed graphite working and Ag/AgCl reference electrodes. Elevated PIP activity in the vaginal fluid is a biochemical indicator of bacterial vaginosis. The method is appropriate to differentiate between normal (66+/-145 mU/ml) and elevated, diseased (704+/-145 mU/ml), values.
Aminopeptidases↗
Toxin genes on pathogenicity islands: impact for microbial evolution.
Toxin-specific genes are often located on mobile genetic elements such as phages, plasmids and pathogenicity islands (PAIs). The uropathogenic E. coli strain 536 carries two alpha-hemolysin gene clusters, which are part of the pathogenicity islands I536 and II536, respectively. Using different genetic techniques, two additional PAIs were identified in the genome of the E. coli strain 536, and it is likely that further PAIs are located on the genome of this strain. Pathogenicity islands are often associated with tRNA genes. In the case of the E. coli strain 536, the PAI-associated tRNA gene leuX, which encodes a minor leucyl-tRNA, affects the expression of various virulence traits including alpha-hemolysin production. The exact mode of action of the tRNA5Leu-dependent gene expression has to be identified in the future.
Bacterial Toxins↗
Increased interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-10 and decreased IL-4 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Cytokines are important regulators of lymphocyte function in SLE. However, the profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokines produced by circulating lymphocytes in human SLE has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of the present study was to characterize the gene expressions of the Th1-type cytokine IFN-gamma, and the Th2-type cytokines IL-10 and IL-4 in PBMC of 15 patients with SLE and 10 healthy individuals by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results showed that expression of IFN-gamma (P = 0.0004) and IL-10 (P = 0.002) transcripts were significantly increased in PBMC of patients with SLE compared with healthy controls. By contrast, expression of IL-4 transcripts in PBMC of patients with SLE was significantly decreased compared with the healthy controls (P = 0.0008). Primary sources of IL-10 were B cells and monocytes, with variable contribution of T cells as detected in various fractions of PBMC of patients with SLE (P = 0.049). These findings support the hypothesis that the enhanced production of IFN-gamma by mononuclear cells may trigger inflammatory responses, together with the enhanced production of IL-10 resulting in autoantibody production by B cells in human SLE.
Adult↗
Oral manifestations of patients with Turner syndrome.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a complete analysis of orofacial abnormalities of patients with Turner syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty nine patients with Turner syndrome and 30 without Turner syndrome (control group) were studied. The subjects were screened for cariological and periodontal alterations, orthodontic anomalies, tooth crown morphologic condition, alveolar arch dimensions, and temporomandibular joint function. RESULTS: Significantly lower mean values for decayed, missing, and filled teeth were found for patients with Turner syndrome as compared with the control group. Plaque and gingival indices were significantly higher in the study group. Orthodontic anomalies were more frequent and severe in patients with Turner syndrome. Our investigation showed reduced tooth crown size in the study group. The alveolar arch of the maxilla was narrower and of normal length, but the mandibular arch was shorter and broader. There was no significant alteration in temporomandibular joint function in the 2 examined groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our examination showed the importance of early diagnosis of oral anomalies and timely treatment of dental problems for patients with Turner syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Quantitative analysis of catecholamines in human dental pulp.
Catecholamines are important elements of neuroendocrine regulation, and their concentrations in dental pulp are of interest. Two groups of teeth were used in this study: (i) healthy teeth and (ii) periodontally diseased teeth. After the processing of dental pulp obtained from the extracted teeth, the samples were analyzed in a computer-controlled Merck-Hitachi HPLC system at 280 nm wavelength. The external and internal standard methods of the HPLC Manager Program were used for validation. In healthy teeth the norepinephrine level of dental pulp was 4.86 +/- 0.96 micrograms/g, whereas the epinephrine level was 8.1 +/- 1.18 micrograms/g. In periodontally diseased teeth norepinephrine and epinephrine levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) at 13.98 +/- 21.13 micrograms/g and 1.42 +/- 0.32 micrograms/g, respectively. Dopamine could not be demonstrated in 87% of the pulps. Summing up we succeeded in demonstrating norepinephrine and epinephrine in human pulp, but in most cases we could not demonstrate dopamine. Further investigations are needed on pulp tissue infected because of caries.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Prolactin: structure, function, and regulation of secretion.
Prolactin is a protein hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that was originally named for its ability to promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus of hungry young mammals. We now know that prolactin is not as simple as originally described. Indeed, chemically, prolactin appears in a multiplicity of posttranslational forms ranging from size variants to chemical modifications such as phosphorylation or glycosylation. It is not only synthesized in the pituitary gland, as originally described, but also within the central nervous system, the immune system, the uterus and its associated tissues of conception, and even the mammary gland itself. Moreover, its biological actions are not limited solely to reproduction because it has been shown to control a variety of behaviors and even play a role in homeostasis. Prolactin-releasing stimuli not only include the nursing stimulus, but light, audition, olfaction, and stress can serve a stimulatory role. Finally, although it is well known that dopamine of hypothalamic origin provides inhibitory control over the secretion of prolactin, other factors within the brain, pituitary gland, and peripheral organs have been shown to inhibit or stimulate prolactin secretion as well. It is the purpose of this review to provide a comprehensive survey of our current understanding of prolactin's function and its regulation and to expose some of the controversies still existing.
Alternative Splicing↗
Usefulness of detection of complement activation products in evaluating SLE activity.
Complement activation products, such as C1rs-C1inh, specific for the activation of the classical pathway, C3b(Bb)P, specific for the activation of the alternative pathway and SC5b-9, specific for common terminal pathway of the complement cascade, were measured in healthy donors and in patients with clinically active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Plasma levels of C3b(Bb)P and SC5b-9 were moderately, those of C1rs-C1inhibitor (C1rs-C1inh) were markedly elevated in patients with clinically inactive SLE, compared with healthy controls. The difference between active and inactive stages of the disease was best reflected by C3b(Bb)P plasma concentration (P<0.001), which also showed the highest correlation with the SLEDAI (Rs=0.41 P<0.001) and which was the most useful in distinguishing active and inactive sample pairs as well. The difference between SC5b-9 levels in the active and inactive stages was also significant (P=0.007), while that of C1rs-C1inh did not differ significantly (P=0.136). The correlation of the SLEDAI with SC5b-9 was 0.3 (P=0.015), while with C1rs-C1inh it was 0.21 (P=0. 089). These findings suggest that the measurement of complement activation products, especially that of the alternative pathway, are sensitive markers of the activity of SLE and can be used for clinical purposes.
Adult↗
Suckling-induced change in oxytocin but not in alpha-MSH concentrations of the median eminence, the neural-, intermediate- and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland.
Previous reports have implicated that pituitary-derived prolactin (PRL) is secreted from two distinct zones of mammotropes within the anterior lobe (AL). The inner zone (AL-IZ), located adjacent to the neuro-intermediate lobe (NIL), is supposed to be involved in the rapid and massive discharge of PRL from the pituitary gland due to suckling stimulus. Whereas the outer-zone (AL-OZ) gives the basal secretion and it does not play a role in the acute secretory response during nursing. Anatomically, the AL-IZ has an intimate contact with the NIL because the blood passing through the short portal vessels (SPV) bathes it first. Based on this fact it would be hypothesized that locally released and/or produced compounds, like OXY and alpha-MSH, can be delivered to the AL-IZ. In conjunction, OXY and alpha-MSH have already been implicated to play a role in the regulation of PRL release during suckling. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the possible local transportation of these hormones into the median eminence and various regions of the pituitary gland of lactating rats. We have measured the concentrations of OXY and alpha-MSH from tissue samples of nonsuckled (NS) and 10 or 30 min after suckling (S) was initiated using specific RIAs. It has been shown that there are no changes in the concentration of OXY and alpha-MSH in theAL-IZ and AL-OZ due to suckling stimulus. In contrast, our data provide compelling evidence that OXY is transported into the IL, which can be further increased by suckling stimulus. These data suggest that blood transfusing NL passes through the IL before it is drained into the cavernous sinus, which opens the road for OXY into the general circulation. In addition, our data have unequivocally shown a lack of local delivery of either alpha MSH or OXY into the AL that raises serious doubt about their possible role in PRL secretion during suckling stimulus.
Animals↗
[Morphologic alterations of tooth crown in patients with Turner syndrome and its association with orthodontic anomalies].
In females with numerical and/or structural aberration of the X chromosome as in Turner's syndrome, somatic development deviates from the normal pattern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tooth crown dimensions, and report the size of the alveolar arch of the maxilla and the mandible of patients with Turner's syndrome. The study population consisted of 29 girls with Turner's syndrome and 30 healthy female controls. All mesiodistal dimensions were significantly smaller in Turner's syndrome compared with those of normal controls. The labiolingual dimensions were smaller in the patient group with the exception of the canines and the lower central incisors. The alveolar arch of the maxilla was narrower and of normal length, but the mandibular arch was shorter and broader. Orthodontic anomalies were found more frequent and serious of patients with Turner's syndrome. Our examination showed the importance of early diagnosis of oral anomalies as well as dental treatment of patients with Turner's syndrome.
Adolescent↗
Regional and international integrated telemedicine network for organ transplant (HC 4028 & IN 4028 European Commission DGXIII).
A substantial portion of future medical practice will depend greatly on improved collaboration between the providers throughout the healthcare sector, and effective sharing of data and expertise by different healthcare professionals. In organ transplant it is a rule, donor organs are matched to recipients via national or multinational organ-sharing organizations. Only through close co-operation between transplant surgeons, immunologists, nephrologists, pathologists, radiologists and other physicians could one increase the efficiency of organ transplantation. Information technology (IT) has become an inevitable and inherent part of transplantation medicine. The RETRANSPLANT project interfaces and integrates IT from the European Union Fourth Framework projects to support the development of regional organ transplant information networks in Central Europe.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
[Correlations between the prevalence of caries and the microbiologic parameters of saliva in patients with Turner syndrome].
The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between caries prevalence and microbiological composition and flow rate of saliva in patients with Turner's syndrome. The examined population consisted of 29 patients with Turner's syndrome and 30 healthy control girls. DMF-T means, stimulated salivary flow, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in saliva were determined. Stimulated salivary flow was significantly higher in the patients group. Caries prevalence was found significantly lower in patients with Turner's syndrome, which finding may have been caused by the significantly lower counts of salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Statistically significant correlation was found between DMF-T mean values and salivary microbiological counts.
Adolescent↗
[Effect of regional hypothermia on cerebrospinal fluid parameters during thoracoabdominal aorta clamping in dogs].
The most feared complication of thoracoabdominal clamping is the paraplegia or paraparesis following ischemic injury of the spinal cord. Early intraoperative recognition of this complication has not been solved yet. In our earlier experiment we found significant alterations of CSF glucose, lactate, pCO2 and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels during 60 minutes thoracoabdominal aortic clamping in dogs. The analysis of these parameters proved to be proper to follow metabolism of the spinal cord during this type of surgery. In our present paper we studied protective effect of regional hypothermia using peridural cooling by registration of above parameters. Statistical analysis of our data showed prevention of production of anaerobe metabolites in animals with icy peridural irrigation. The biochemical approach is appropriate for monitoring effectiveness of regional hypothermia of the spinal cord during aortic surgery.
Animals↗