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Biomedical subjects

G N Rutty

Publications and source records attributed to G N Rutty.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Late-form hemorrhagic disease of the newborn: a fatal case report with illustration of investigations that may assist in avoiding the mistaken diagnosis of child abuse.

Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (HDN) is usually a self-limiting hemorrhagic disorder of childhood that occurs as a result of vitamin K deficiency. It may be defined as early or late form depending on the time of onset related to birth. HDN is recognized as one of several bleeding disorders that can mimic the findings of nonaccidental head injury and may lead to a mistaken diagnosis of child abuse. We present a single fatal case of late-onset HDN with illustration of hematologic assays that can be performed to assist the pathologist in making the correct diagnosis of HDN.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1998

Bruising in non-accidental head injured children; a retrospective study of the prevalence, distribution and pathological associations in 24 cases.

Non-accidental head injury, be it shaking, impact(s) or a combination of the two, is characterised by subdural and/or subarachnoid haemorrhages with retinal haemorrhages, but minimal or absent external cranio-facial trauma. The classical assault scenario depicts the infant being gripped around the head, face, chest and abdomen and shaken or being gripped by a limb and swung. This gripping might be expected to leave physical evidence in the form of bruising. A study was undertaken to establish the prevalence, distribution and pathological association of external bruising in 24 cases of fatal non-accidental head injury in children. At autopsy, 17 cases had new external bruises, 15 old external bruises and 13, a combination of both. However, seven (29%) cases showed no fresh external bruising and five (21%) showed no external bruising at all. Thus, external bruising may be absent in children with fatal intracranial injury. The face was shown to be the commonest site of bruising followed by the forehead and buttocks. Limb, chest and abdominal bruising were found to be uncommon. Retinal haemorrhages were confirmed in 23 (96%) cases. It is hypothesised that bruising, when present, may be a result of abuse in the form of punches and slaps rather than due to gripping during the assault. We discuss why gripping does not necessarily result in external bruising.

Child Abuse↗
PubMed1998

Postmortem examination of the lungs: a preservation technique for opening the bronchi and pulmonary arteries individually without transection problems.

The classic methods of examining both the pulmonary arteries and bronchi postmortem partly destroy the anatomy of one of these systems. A technique is described whereby the bronchi and pulmonary arteries are dissected and preserved. The principal difference of this technique is that most of the upper lobe vasculature is opened from the hilum. The exception to this is the lingula, which because it is the embryological homologue of the right middle lobe should be treated in the same way--that is, with the vessels opened from the pleural side and the bronchi from the hilum. One general practical point is that there is a great variation in the number of pulmonary arterial branches in each lobe, particularly in the upper lobes, and especially in the left upper lobe. Furthermore, there is some variation in the local anatomic relations of the vessels and bronchi and on occasion the technique will not work as described and will require some modification. However, most of the time this technique should allow the pathologist to preserve the anatomy of the bronchial tree and pulmonary arteries for better demonstration and photographic purposes when the need arises.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1997

Melanosis of the appendix: prevalence, distribution and review of the pathogenesis of 47 cases.

The appendix is reported to be a common site for melanosis, especially at autopsy although to date there have been few studies expanding or qualifying this statement. Based on 47 cases identified from a series of 636 consecutive surgical specimens the prevalence, pattern of distribution, nature of the pigment and current knowledge of the aetiology and pathogenesis of melanosis of the appendix is reviewed and compared with melanosis coli.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Mesothelial cell inclusions within mediastinal lymph nodes.

The presence of mesothelial cell inclusions within mediastinal lymph nodes is an extremely rare occurrence with apparently only two previously reported cases. We report a single case with immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. A study of 318 mediastinal nodes from 80 patients using haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry is reported with the observation of no further positive cases. A review of the literature concerning nodal inclusions found at other anatomical sites aids discussion on the aetiology of this type of nodal inclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cavernous haemangioma of the nasal bones.

A case report of a cavernous haemangioma arising in the nasal bones is described, together with a discussion of the relevant literature. The condition, although rare, can be reliably diagnosed pre-operatively.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Malignant change in trichilemmal cysts: a study of cell proliferation and DNA content.

We have examined proliferative activity in a series of pilar and trichilemmal cysts using an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In benign lesions proliferative activity was confined to the basal layers of the squamous epithelium. Lesions showing malignant change showed increased proliferative activity and were not confined to the basal layer. These findings were correlated with studies on DNA content using flow cytometry.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Oesophageal webs preceding carcinoma and rupture of the oesophagus in cicatricial pemphigoid.

A case in which oesophageal webs preceded the development of carcinoma and rupture of the oesophagus in a 77-year-old woman with cicatricial pemphigoid is reported. Oesophageal webs in cicatricial pemphigoid have been reported but are rare. Clinical, histological, radiological and post-mortem features are described. Western immunoblotting of serum demonstrated a 180-kDa antigen which comprises one of the antigens reported in cicatricial pemphigoid.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Malignant glioma in laboratory workers.

In 1989 an increased risk of cancer, with a higher than expected incidence of brain tumours, was reported in laboratory workers at the Pasteur Institute, Paris. Three cases of primary brain tumours occurring in three laboratory workers from one laboratory in a district general hospital also came to light. Although this may have been due to coincidence or geographic clustering, the need for stringent safety standards in all laboratories is reiterated, and it is proposed that a national register should be established to record the causes of death in laboratory workers.

Adult↗