Biomedical subjects

G N Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to G N Cooper.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Preoperative intra-aortic balloon assist in high risk revascularization patients.

Sixty-five high risk myocardial revascularization patients had preoperative IABP with two operative deaths. Only six patients needed rapid institution of cardiopulmonary bypass after anesthesia induction despite marked blood pressure drop in half the patients. There were only two instances of postpump power failure. Preoperative IABP is a valid method of limiting morbidity associated with coronary surgery in high risk patients.

Angina Pectoris↗

PubMed1977

Total blood washout and exchange. A valuable tool in acute hepatic coma and Reye's syndrome.

Total body washout (TBW) was accomplished thirteen times in twelve patients, with response in five and survival in three. TBW can be done without apparent harm to patients and is less laborious and more rapidly effective than repeated exchange transfusion. Early application of TBW in stage III to stage IV hepatic coma may increase survival and possibly prevent progression of metabolic derangements. Patients with stage III to IV Reye's syndrome probably should have TBW promptly, without time-consuming attempts at exchange transfusion. Based on our experience, further application of TBW is warranted in coma due to acute hepatic failure and stage III to IV Reye's syndrome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Preoperative intra-aortic balloon support in surgery for left main coronary stenosis.

Twenty-six patients with left main coronary (LMC) stenosis were operated upon with preoperative intra aortic balloon pump (IABP) support. There was no mortality, and no morbidity attributable to the balloon catheter. The most delicate facet of revascularization surgery in this entity is the pre-cardiopulmonary bypass phase including anesthesia induction during which blood pressure fluctuation may further diminish severely compromised coronary flow. Although systolic pressure dropped to below 100 mm Hg in 50% of patients during induction, there were only two patients with electrocardiographic evidence of perioperative myocardial infarction, and only one who needed rantic institution of cardiopulmonary bypass just after induction. Perioperative logistics were quite trouble free in all 26 patients, in marked contrast to 5 LMC patients operated upon prior to our preoperative IABP concent; 3 of these deteriorated upon induction, with two deaths resulting. Preoperative IABP is a reasonable supportive adjunct in surgery for LMC stenosis.

Assisted Circulation↗

PubMed1977

Respiratory characteristics of a microporous membrane oxygenator.

A microporous membrane oxygenator has been used in 258 clinical perfusions for cardiac surgery. In 132 perfusions the oxygenator was ventilated with 100% O2, and in 126 perfusions 98% O2-2%CO2 was used. Patients' BSA was 0.4-2.3 M2. Bypass duration was up to 563 min. In the group ventilated with 100% O2, average PaCO2 was 30 mmHg, with arterial pH of 7.48. 98% O2-2% ventilation resulted in an average PaCO2 of 36 mmHg, with arterial pH of 7.41. CO2 transfer is influenced by gas flow rate, and data from selected cases demonstrate that increasing gas flow results in decreasing PaCO2, while decreasing gas flow increases PaCO2. The thickness of the blood film is decreased by increasing the "shim" pressure, so that increasing the "shim" presure results in higher PaO2. Oxygen saturation averaged 99% for the entire series. Addition of CO2 to the oxygen and appropriate changes in gas flow and "shim" pressure permit changes to be made in the ventilation of the device during perfusion to achieve desired levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 under widely disparate conditions of temperature and flow.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Vibrio cholerae infection and immunity in mice.

Lyophilized cultures of V. cholerae 569B slowly lose their virulence for neonatal and adult mice during long term storage. Following a single passage in orally infected 6-day old mice, a highly virulent strain (designated 569B/MP) was isolated. This organism causes rapidly fatal intestinal infections in 6-day old mice; large numbers can be isolated in pure culture from the intestinal fluid. Freezing and storage at -60 degrees of dead animal provides a simple means of maintaining the high virulence of the culture over a period of at least 9 months. This strain produces choleracic symptoms and death in approx. 50% of adult mice following oral infection. Large numbers of viable organisms may also be isolated from the small intestine over a period of at least 40 h. These criteria have been used as a basis for assessing protection against cholera infection induced by immunization with living or heat-killed V. cholerae given orally or intraperitoneally.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Factors affecting responses to immunization.

Geoffrey Edsall once stated "...at its best, immunization is the cheapest and most practical means of controlling infectious disease...". While immunization against some diseases has been highly successful, the efficacy of some vaccines is far from adequate. Basic immunological research has identified many factors which control the development and operation of the immune system of vertebrate animals; application of this information to the development and practical use of vaccines for humans may eventually benefit this general approach to the control of infectious disease.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1975

Salmonella enteritidis infection in rats: antigens involved in cell-mediated immunity.

When rats are sub-lethally infected with S. entertidis by the intravenous route, there is a period of at least 14 days in which peritoneal exudate cells are unable to migrate from capillary tubes on to glass surfaces; thereafter they migrate as do macrophages from normal animals. The migration of peritoneal cells from rats infected 18-21 days previously is inhibited by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) prepared from homologous and heterologous strains of Salmonella. The apparent non-specificity of LPS activity in the macrophage migration inhibition test has been resolved by demonstrating that lipid A, containing less than 0.01% protein amino acids, is also capable of eliciting this test of cell-mediated immunity.

Animals↗

PubMed1975