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Biomedical subjects

G Mitchell

Publications and source records attributed to G Mitchell.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Therapeutic factors within in-patient and out-patient psychotherapy groups. Implications for therapeutic techniques.

Therapeutic factors operative in in-patient and out-patient therapy groups were compared. These settings differ greatly, both in terms of the patient population they serve and the overall systems within which they operate. The study revealed significant differences between the therapeutic factors operative in these two settings, and suggested that clinicians should modify their techniques for running psychotherapy groups across settings, to take account of these findings.

Altruism↗
PubMed1988

Hepatic and muscular presentations of carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency: two distinct entities.

Human carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CTP) deficiency results in two different clinical variants, one with "hepatic" and one with "muscular" symptoms. We studied CPT activity and long-chain fatty acid oxidation in fibroblast cell lines from four patients, two from each group. Overall CPT activity was deficient in patients' fibroblasts with the hepatic presentation, as previously demonstrated in patients' fibroblasts with the muscular presentation. The hepatic patients' fibroblasts displayed a CPT1 deficiency which resulted in impaired long-chain fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, CPT1 activity and palmitate oxidation were normal in muscular patients' fibroblasts. In these latter patients, the mutation presumably involved CPT2 activity. These data suggest that CPT deficiency is due to at least two different mutations, resulting in two distinct patterns of clinical and biochemical abnormalities.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1988

The expanded role nurse. A dissenting viewpoint.

This article presents a dissenting view of the expanded role nurse in light of contemporary nursing theory. Nursing has moved beyond the vision of expanded practice as conceptualized by provincial and federal nursing associations more than two decades ago. A body of scientific knowledge has emerged which distinguishes nursing practice as unique, and there is a trend away from practice based upon the medical model. The expanded role nurse represents a retreat to physician-dominated, medical model practice and runs counter to the goal of theory-based practice. It is suggested that the concept of the physician's assistant is an appropriate response to cutbacks in medical residents rather than the delegation of medical functions to nurses. If nursing is to survive into the 21st century, theory-based practice must be firmly established and expanded through research. It is proposed that the expanded nursing role as presented in the literature is incompatible with theory-based nursing practice and diminishes the hope for autonomous professionhood.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

Are national hospital data adequate for coding injury severity?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether accurate severity scores, using the abbreviated injury scale (AIS), could be produced from hospital discharge data held on the National Health Statistics Centre (NHSC) computer files. The data from two New Zealand trauma studies, in which AIS scores had been assigned to patient injuries, were linked to the patient data on NHSC computer files and AIS scores assigned for those injuries that were present. Sixty-five percent of the injuries for which a link was made were scorable and of these, there was 54% agreement between the AIS scores generated from NHSC data and the scores from the trauma studies. Percent agreement varied with body area, whether the injury was from a single or multiple injury victim, and with the severity of injury. Recommendations include a revision of data collection and NHSC data coding to incorporate AIS scores, and to educate medical personnel regarding AIS in order that they collect appropriate information so that AIS may be coded on the patient's discharge form.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

Selection of medical students--are all matriculation examinations equivalent?

The marks achieved by students vary significantly with the type of matriculation examination written. In particular, students who write the examination set by the Transvaal Education Department score significantly higher matriculation marks than other students but score the same in the first year at medical school as other students. These students have an undeserved advantage in the selection process.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1987

Selection of medical students--are interview evaluations consistent?

We report an attempt to evaluate the consistency of interviews used in the selection of medical students. We found that when two teams of two or three members each interviewed candidates independently, the difference between marks (on a scale of 0-10) was less than 2.5 in 90% of comparisons and less than 1.4 in 75%. When candidate variation was eliminated by use of televised interviews differences between teams were reduced. We conclude that teams of two or three interviews can evaluate candidates with acceptable consistency. On the other hand, evaluations by individuals are less consistent and probably should not be used for categorical evaluations.

College Admission Test↗
PubMed1987

Beta-adrenergic receptors and oxygen transport.

We investigated whether stimulation of baboon erythrocyte beta-adrenoreceptors affects oxygen transport by haemoglobin. To assess oxygen transport we measured the PO2 at which the haemoglobin was 50% saturated (P50) and the Hill parameter 'n'. Blood at PO2s ranging from 10 to 90 mm Hg was exposed to a 10(-3) M concentration of the agonists l-isoproterenol, l-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine in the presence and absence of 10(-5) M dl-propranolol. None of the adrenergic agents which were used in these experiments produced significant changes in either 'n' or P50 and the concentrations of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and lactate were not altered by the agonists. We conclude from these results that short-term adrenergic stimulation of the baboon erythrocyte beta-adrenoreceptor does not affect factors known to influence oxygen transport, oxygen delivery or haemoglobin itself.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1987

Collaborative study on antigens for immunodiagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infection.

Six research laboratories in Australia, Japan, the Philippines and the USA participated in a collaborative evaluation of immunodiagnostic tests for Schistosoma japonicum infections. The serum bank consisted of 385 well-documented sera from Brazil, Kenya, Philippines, Republic of Korea and Europe. Twelve S. japonicum antigen/test system combinations were evaluated.Crude S. japonicum egg antigens showed the highest sensitivity and specificity. The defined or characterized antigens showed no advantage over the crude antigens. Quantitative seroreactivity of all S. japonicum antigens showed a positive correlation with faecal egg counts (log x + 1) in all age groups. The performance of the circumoval precipitin test was satisfactory within the same laboratory but with differences in the results between laboratories. A monoclonal antibody used in a competitive radioimmunoassay test system performed as well as the crude egg antigens.The high sensitivity of crude S. japonicum antigens now permits further evaluation for wide-scale use in public health laboratories of endemic areas to support control efforts.

Antigens, Helminth↗
PubMed1986

Antiidiotypic antibody to reovirus binds to neurons and protects from viral infection.

A syngeneic monoclonal antiidiotype directed against the idiotype of an antireovirus type 3 hemagglutinin demonstrates several of the biological actions of the original viral hemagglutinin and binds to rat and murine cortical neurons grown in dissociated cell culture. Receptor-bearing neurons appear within 24 hours of plating in cultures from mouse or rat cortex taken on embryonic day 15; these neurons are demonstrable for the duration of the culture life span (4 to 8 weeks). When cortical cultures are incubated with antiidiotype before or during exposure to reovirus, the antiidiotype protects neurons from type 3 infection without inhibiting infection of nonneuronal cells with either type 3 or type 1. Thus an antibody directed against a viral receptor can prevent infection of receptor-bearing cells without directly neutralizing the virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Neurological deterioration and lactic acidemia in biotinidase deficiency. A treatable condition mimicking Leigh's disease.

A six-month-old girl with chronic lactic acidosis and neurological deterioration is described, who underwent a sudden severe decompensation during her initial neurological investigations. She responded dramatically to biotin therapy. The diagnosis of late onset multiple carboxylase deficiency due to biotinidase deficiency was confirmed. This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperlactacidemic encephalopathies.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1986

A reappraisal of the complement fixation test using soluble Mycobacterium avium antigen for the detection of M. paratuberculosis infection in cattle.

Serums from 263 cattle suspected of having paratuberculosis on the basis of clinical signs, were tested for antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis with a complement fixation test (CFT) employing a heat extracted, soluble M. avium antigen. Microscopic examination confirmed that 172 (65.4%) clinically affected animals had paratuberculosis, the remainder being disease-free. The specificity and sensitivity of the CFT was 92.3% and 74.4% respectively. Phenol treatment of serums before testing was compared with no treatment and was found to have no significant effect on the CFT titres. Results obtained are discussed in relation to the cause of false negative and false positive reactions.

Animals↗