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Biomedical subjects

G Miller

Publications and source records attributed to G Miller.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Host-determined differences in expression of surface marker characteristics on human and simian lymphoblastoid cell lines transformed by Epstein-Barr virus.

In an attempt to account for differences in the biologic behavior of Epstein-Barr virus in different primate species, we studied lymphocyte surface markers on primary and transformed cells. Among primary leukocytes, the distribution of cells with characteristics of bone-marrow-derived cells (B cells) was similar in humans, wooly monkeys, and cotton-top marmosets. However, after transformation by Epstein-Barr virus, cells from each species were characterically different. Transformed human umbilical cord cells expressed the complement receptor; monkey cells exhibited both this receptor and the receptor for IgG Fc (EA7S); and marmoset cells did not have either surface marker. We measured the transformation efficiency of human and marmoset leukocyte subpopulations enriched or depeleted in cells with the complement receptor. In both species the highest efficiencies of transformation were found in populations with the greatest numbers of cells with the receptor. The data therefore suggest that, in all species, a cell with the complement receptor is susceptible to transformation but that this receptor is not expressed on transformed marmoset cells. Thus, in Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation it is necessary to distinguish between transformation of growth properties (immortalization) and transformation of cell surface properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Carcinoma after gastric operations (author's transl)].

The incidence of carcinoma after gastric operations for benign lesions was analysed in the patient material of five gastroenterologists in private practice in Switzerland. Of 534 such patients 346 had had a gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy (Billroth II), 58 with gastroduodenostomy (Billroth I), and 130 other kinds of gastric operations. Among 326 patients who had a Billroth II procedure there were 21 with proven carcinoma in the residual stomach, but none after Billroth I and other operations. The incidence after Billroth II was 15.1% at or after ten years. Of 69 patients 10-19 years after gastric resection, six had developed carcinoma, compared with 15 of 70 who were 20 years or more after the resection. The incidence is unexpectedly high. On the other hand, among 29361 non-operated patients there were 279 with carcinoma of the stomach. The average interval between operation and the diagnosis of carcinoma in the residual stomach was 23.8 years. It is recommended that gastric resection should if possible be avoided for benign disease. All patients who have had a gastric resection should be endoscopically controlled annually from ten years after the resection onwards.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Infectious mononucleosis. Epstein-Barr-virus shedding in saliva and the oropharynx.

In an examination of excretion patterns of Epstein-Barr virus in 104 throat washings from 20 patients with infectious mononucleosis we found that three persons regularly shed virus from the second week through the third month after onset; 15 demonstrated intermittent excretion over three months, and in two cases, no virus was detected. In oral secretions, the virus appeared to be located extracellularly. Transforming activity was demonstrated in aliquots after centrifugation and filtration, in a sample in which cells were disrupted before filtration, and in specimens after two years' storage. Multiple oropharyngeal sites were examined for presence of the virus. In one patient, virus was regularly demonstrated in throat washings and saliva; swabs from Stensen's duct orifices yielded virus in three of four cases. Demonstration of virus in these oropharyngeal specimens explains increased transmissibility in age groups in which salivary exchange is high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Renal extraction of gentamicin in anesthetized dogs.

The tubular handling of gentamicin (G) and its intrarenal distribution were determined to elucidate the mechanism of G accumulation in the kidney. At a serum level of 11.1 +/- 0.5 mug/ml (10 animals), as maintained by constant infusion for 5 h, serum Na(+) and K(+), arterial pressure, effective renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate remained undisturbed. The clearance values in milliliters per minute for G, inulin, and p-aminohippuric acid were 40.3 +/- 1.8, 49.9 +/- 2.8, and 132 +/- 14, respectively. The ratio of clearance of G to clearance of inulin was 0.82 +/- 0.04 (P < 0.005), suggesting net reabsorption of G by the renal tubules. The renal cortex/serum ratio for G was 11.9 +/- 2.1, and the medulla/serum ratio was 2.7 +/- 0.4, indicating greater uptake of G by the cortex. The extraction ratio of p-aminohippuric acid was 0.74 +/- 0.03. In contrast, the extraction ratio of G was 0.20 +/- 0.03, which was significantly lower than that of inulin (0.30 +/- 0.04). It is concluded that the accumulation of G in the cortex was due to tubular reabsorption. Probably some of the reabsorbed G became trapped in the epithelial cells after crossing the luminal membrane, whereas some returned to the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Biological properties and viral surface antigens of Burkitt lymphoma- and mononucleosis- derived strains of Epstein-Barr virus released from transformed marmoset cells.

Three strains of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), two from Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and one from infectious mononucleosis (IM) were used to transform separate cultures of the same batch of primary marmoset leukocytes, and the viruses released from the transformants were compared. The three viruses shared properties of the transforming biotype of EBV, namely, stimulation of DNA synthesis and immortalization of cord blood leukocytes, and failure to induce "early antigen" in lymphoblast lines. All viruses produced more virus in transformed marmoset cells than in transformed human cells, as measured by the number of EBV genomes detected by complementary RNA/DNA hybridization, by virus capsid antigen expression, or by released virions and biologically active virus. Reference human sera and sera from primary EBV infections were used to compare the three virus strains in a virus neutralization test based on inhibition of stimulation of DNA synthesis. Specimens taken late in convalescence from patients with mononucleosis and sera from marmosets experimentally infected with virus from a patient with mononucleosis neutralized the homologous virus, as well as the two virus strains isolated from patients with BL. This finding indicates that viral antigens that elicit neutralizing antibodies are shared among the strains. However, in certain sera the neutralizing-antibody titer against one strain was consistently higher than against another strain. Furthermore, sera taken early after onset of IM contained low levels of neutralizing antibody against IM-derived virus, but failed to neutralize BL-derived virus. These latter findings suggest the existence of heterogeneity among surface antigens of EBVs. The results emphasize the biological and antigenic similarity of EBV isolates from BL and IM and do not suggest major subtype variations. It remains to be determined whether antigenic diversity such as described or virus genome variation detectable by other means is epidemiologically significant.

Animals↗