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Biomedical subjects

G Miller

Publications and source records attributed to G Miller.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Expression of Epstein-Barr viral early antigen in monolayer tissue cultures after transfection with viral DNA and DNA fragments.

Antigens associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) replicative cycle were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of human placental, Vero, BSC-1, and owl monkey kidney cells transfected with EBV DNA prepared from several different strains of virus. The number of antigen-positive nuclei increased when transfection was followed by cell fusion induced by inactivated Sendai virus. About 1,200 antigen-positive foci were induced per micrograms of EBV DNA. On the basis of their reactivity with various well-characterized human sera, it appears that the antigens are part of the early antigen complex. None of the four restriction endonucleases, EcoRI, HindIII, SalI, and BamHI, destroyed the ability of EBV DNA to induce early antigen. However, only SalI seemed to leave intact the full spectrum of antigen expression by the HR-1 and FF41 strains of EBV DNA. By means of transfection with recombinant DNA plasmids containing different EBV (FF41) DNA fragments regenerated by EcoRI, we showed that the coding region for early antigen was at least partially contained on the 17.2-megadalton EcoRI B fragment.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Kijanimicin (Sch 25663), a novel antibiotic produced by Actinomadura kijaniata SCC 1256. Fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological properties.

A novel antibiotic complex has been isolated form the fermentation broth of a new species of Actinomadura, A. kijaniata SCC 1256. The complex was separated form the broth by a solvent extraction procedure and consists of 1 major component, designated kijanimicin, and 3 minor components. Kijanimicin was isolated form the complex by column chromatography and/or preparative high pressure liquid chromatography. Structurally the compound is a unique, large acid enol antibiotic and possesses an unusual in vitro spectrum of activity against some Gram-positive and anaerobic microorganisms. In vivo it has also shown interesting activity against malaria.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1981

High pressure liquid chromatographic method for indole in shrimp: development of method and collaborative study.

A collaborative study on the determination of indole in shrimp was conducted in which a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a spectrofluorometric method were compared with the AOAC gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method (18.075-18.078, 13th ed.). In the HPLC method, 10 g shrimp was blended with methanol, an internal standard was added, and the extract was filtered. Indole was separated on an octadecylsilane reverse phase column, using 60% MeOH-H2O, and quantitated with a fluorescence detector (excitation 280 nm, emission 330 nm) by comparing the indole peak height with that of an internal standard, 2-methyl-indole. Recoveries at a 25 micrograms/100 g level averaged 104% with a range of 90-127%, and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 102% with a range of 93-112%. In the spectrofluorometric method, 25 g shrimp was extracted with 2% EtOAc-hexane. After several washes, indole was partitioned into a saturated NaCl-MeOH solution and its fluorescence was measured (excitation 280 nm, emission 332 nm). Recoveries at a 25 micrograms/100 g level averaged 93% with a range of 0-255% and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 64% with a range of 0-107%. Recoveries obtained by the AOAC-GLC method at a level of 25 micrograms/100 g averaged 96% with a range of 81-116% and at a level of 35 micrograms/100 g averaged 101% with a range of 81-119%. The coefficients of variation were 20, 10, and 64% at a 25 micrograms/100 g level for the GLC method, the HPLC method, and the spectrofluorometric method, respectively. The HPLC method was adopted as official first action for indole levels in shrimp exceeding 1 microgram/100 g.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Ability of complement to release systemic lupus erythematosus immune complexes from cell receptors.

Endogenous immune complexes present in sera from 10 different patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an active phase were allowed to bind to Raji cells; the ability of intact complement to release the cell-bound complexes from receptors was then examined. Fresh normal human serum, or, alternatively, zymosan-pretreated serum, was added to the complex-bearing Raji cells. Immune complexes remaining bound to Raji cell receptors after increasing times at 37 degrees C were quantitated by addition of 125I-labelled antiglobulin, after removal of serum by washing. In all 10 cases, complement-dependent release was observed. In parallel control studies performed under identical conditions, immune complexes prepared in vitro from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and guinea-pig anti-BSA antibody were used in place of the endogenous SLE complexes. The experimental complexes were released by fresh serum, but not by zymosan-treated serum, but not by zymosan-treated serum, when studied using either 125I-labelled anti-guinea-pig Ig or 125I-labelled complexes alone. The results suggest that intact complement can alter the immune complexes present in SLE sera and influence their interaction with receptors on lymphoid cells. The results further raise the possibility that hypocomplementaemia secondarily due to consumption of complement by immune complexes may contribute to the persistence of the complexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Histologic grading of primary prostatic cancer: a new approach to an old problem.

A simple and objective system for grading prostatic carcinoma was evaluated in a retrospective analysis of 169 cases followed during a 16-year period. The system identified and separated 4 grades of increasing malignancy based on the combined evaluation of gland differentiation and nuclear anaplasia as separate but complementary factors. The system demonstrates significant correlation with mortality rates for each grade group. Retrospective evaluation of the extent of the disease at the time of initial diagnosis also indicates correlation between prostatic grades and clinical stages.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Nucleic acid spot hybridization: rapid quantitative screening of lymphoid cell lines for Epstein-Barr viral DNA.

A simple nucleic acid hybridization method to screen numerous samples of eukaryotic cells rapidly for their Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA content is described. Whole cells are spotted on nitrocellulose filters and their DNA is denatured and fixed to the filter. The resultant DNA spots are hybridized to nick-translated EBV DNA and the extent of hybridization is monitored by autoradiography and scintillation counting. Statistical analysis of serial dilutions of cells permits their viral genome content to be estimated quantitatively by reference to a known standard, such as Raji cells or an artificial mixture of pure viral DNA and uninfected lymphocytes. The sensitivity of the method is between 5 and 50 pg of viral DNA. With this method we are able to select subclones that are high produces of EBV DNA and to identify the optimal time for harvest of EBV DNA from cultured cells. Spot hybridization should permit any cell population or fluid to be screened for the presence of a DNA sequence for which a radioisotopically labeled probe is available.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Premenstrual syndrome and atopy: a double-blind clinical evaluation of treatment with a gamma-globulin/histamine complex.

The relationship between atopy and premenstrual syndrome was studied in 138 women, aged between 20 and 39-years' old, who had suffered from symptoms for at least 6 months. The results showed that there was a high incidence of a personal or familial history of allergy, immediate positive skin test reactions to conventional allergens, eosinophilia, low titre of histamine latex test and high levels of IgE in the premenstrual syndrome patients compared with the normal controls. A preliminary study in 40 patients showed that a course of treatment using a gamma-globulin/histamine complex by subcutaneous injection produced a satisfactory response in 70%. A follow-on double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out using the same drug in 42 out of 86 women. Very effective or effective symptomatic relief was significantly higher in the group receiving active treatment. The best results were obtained in patients who had high IgE levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The contribution of assays for lymphocyte capping and creatine kinase to detection of the Becker-type dystrophy trait.

Members of three unrelated families with the mild Becker type of muscular dystrophy were subjected to lymphocyte capping tests and measurements of serum creatine kinase activity. Both tests correctly identified all nine affected males, but only the capping test was abnormal in seven of eight obligate carriers. The number of capped cells in carriers and affected persons with the Becker-type dystrophy was generally intermediate between those observed for individuals with the Duchenne trait and normal controls, thus potentially aiding in the differential diagnosis between the two myopathies. The lack of sensitivity of measurements of serum creatine kinase activity in identifying carriers is further complicated by the difficulty of establishing reliable reference intervals for this enzyme in 204 healthy controls. Detailed directions for the performance of the capping test are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Site of Epstein-Barr virus replication in the oropharynx.

Cells and cell-free material in saliva, parotid secretions, and throat washings from patients with acute infectious mononucleosis and patients undergoing tonsillectomy were assayed for the presence of infectious Epstein-Barr (EBV) virus. The agent was invariably present in cell-free form in saliva; neither infectious virus nor viral antigens were found in the cells. Tonsillar lymphocytes from eight patients were also free of EBV. In 10 of 40 patients virus was recovered in secretions from parotid-gland orifices or ducts. These findings suggest that the salivary glands are the site of EBV production in the oropharynx.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

A case of oesophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and submucosa.

The authors report a case of an oesophageal cancer limited to the mucosa and the submucosa. This case is interesting because of its long history for more than 18 months, the difficulty of fiberoptic diagnosis and the diagnostic value of rigid instruments completed via vital staining by o-toluidine.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗