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Biomedical subjects

G Miller

Publications and source records attributed to G Miller.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Major EB virus-specific cytoplasmic transcripts in a cellular clone of the HR-1 Burkitt lymphoma line during latency and after induction of viral replicative cycle by phorbol esters.

We have estimated by the Northern blotting technique the size and genome location of major viral RNA transcripts found in the same cell line when the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome was latent, and 48 hr after it was induced to replicate by treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). A cellular subclone of the P3J-HR-1 line designated GG68-13 made these studies possible. Less than 1% of GG68-13 cells spontaneously synthesize viral antigens, whereas more than 80% of the cells enter the viral replicative cycle after exposure to TPA. In the absence of TPA six clearly resolved mRNA's, derived from scattered regions of the genome, are seen and at least four poorly resolved mRNA's map to BamHI fragment W, the internal repeat. Following treatment with the drug, 54 mRNA's have been identified, 28 of which are prominent. The mRNA's identified during latency are also synthesized, but in greater amounts, during viral replication. However, EBV-encoded small RNA's seem to be more abundant during latency than during viral synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Structure of the bacteriophage lambda cohesive end site: location of the sites of terminase binding (cosB) and nicking (cosN).

The extents of the sites for nicking (cosN) and binding (cosB) of bacteriophage lambda DNA by terminase have been determined by studying cos cleavage and terminase binding in vitro. The cosN site is located in the segment from -22 to +24 bp (numbered from the center of the cohesive end sequence in the circular lambda genome). The cosB site is located in the segment from +51 to +120 (the +120 boundary determined by Miwa and Matsubara, 1983). Additional sequences are necessary for packaging into infectious phage particles, including regions to the left (Rz gene side) of cosN, and between cosN and cosB. Small deletions (7 and 11 bp) between cosN and cosB abolish packaging in vivo without affecting cos binding and cleavage in vitro, whereas a large deletion (26 bp) abolishes packaging in vivo and cleavage in vitro.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1983

Use of nerve conduction velocity to determine gestational age in infants at risk and in very-low-birth-weight infants.

Nerve conduction velocity was used to measure gestational age in at risk and very-low-birth-weight neonates. The method gave highly significant correlations with gestational estimates by the Dubowitz score and with confirmed maternal dates; 86% of the estimates agreed within two weeks with confirmed maternal dates. The method is valid in babies 30 weeks old or younger and is reproducible after the first postnatal week. There was no difference in babies small for gestational age. The technique was estimated to predict gestation with a standard deviation of +/- 1.14 weeks.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed1983

Two Epstein-Barr viral nuclear neoantigens distinguished by gene transfer, serology, and chromosome binding.

We recently identified, by means of cotransformation of LTK- cells, a region of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome (the BamHI K fragment) that encodes or induces an EBV nuclear neoantigen (EBNA) serologically related to the EBNA found in lymphoid cells carrying the entire EBV genome. We now find that a second EBV DNA fragment, BamHI M, is also able to give rise to cotransformed LTK- cells with stable expression of a nuclear antigen. The BamHI K and M fragments have no apparent DNA homology. Many human sera that are reactive to EBNA in Raji cells detect both antigens; however, certain anti-EBNA-positive human sera are discordant and react only with the BamHI M or only with the BamHI K nuclear antigen. Every Raji cell appears to express both "M" and "K" antigens; D98 Raji cells, a somatic cell hybrid, express only "K" antigen. The K antigen is found on metaphase chromosomes of LTK cells and Raji cells. The M-induced antigen is not located on chromosomes when the cells are in metaphase but is present as granules within the nucleus.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Identification of a rare Epstein-Barr virus variant that enhances early antigen expression in Raji cells.

Early antigens (EAs) are made when the P3J-HR-1 strain of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects cells that already harbor latent EB viral genomes. We wished to identify EBV genes that might participate in induction of EAs. We have recently isolated from the HR-1 line EB viral variants that are unable to induce EAs. We have now isolated a clone of HR-1 cells that releases virus with the capacity to induce EA. We compared the genome of the EB variant that possesses the capacity to induce EA with that of a variant that is unable to induce EA and with parental stock that was the source of both different biotypes of EBV. The variant that is able to induce EA contains, in molar or greater quantities, additional fragments of EBV DNA not found in the variant that lacks that capacity. These same DNA fragments are present in submolar quantities in the parental DNA, indicating that they represent a subpopulation in the parental viral DNA mixture. We thus provide evidence that EA induction is brought about by unusual forms of EBV DNA that are likely to act by regulating expression of the genome.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Use of cloned probes to detect Epstein-Barr viral DNA in tissues of patients with neoplastic and lymphoproliferative diseases.

Cloned fragments of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome were used to examine tissues from 145 patients for the presence of EBV DNA by two techniques: (1) nucleic acid hybridization of cell spots from which the DNA had been extracted in situ and (2) hybridization of DNA that had been transferred to nitrocellulose by Southern blotting. EBV DNA was found in tissues from four adults and five children with American Burkitt's lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, lymphoma following bone marrow transplant, central nervous system lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and fatal polyclonal B-cell lymphoma following mononucleosis; two patients also had chronic pneumonitis, failure to thrive, and abnormal immune function. Six of the nine patients whose tissues contained EBV DNA had a demonstrable or presumed associated immunologic disorder. EBV DNA was not found in normal tissues or in a variety of hematologic neoplasms and other disorders. Nucleic acid hybridization methods can be used for the routine examination of the association of EBV with lymphomas and other lymphoproliferative syndromes occurring in immunodeficient individuals.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Buerger's disease of the sigmoid colon.

Buerger's disease of the sigmoid colon is reported. This is an unusual site of involvement by the disease. Review of the literature has revealed only four other cases.

Colon, Sigmoid↗
PubMed1983

Drug treatment of juvenile dermatomyositis.

A series of 29 children with dermatomyositis has been reviewed and the outcome compared between cases treated by us initially with a low dosage short duration course of corticosteroids, and those referred late and having had various different therapeutic regimens and usually more active and higher dosage drug schedules. There were fewer relapses and less morbidity in the low dosage short term group. It was noted also that there was no relation between the initial mode of onset or severity and the eventual outcome or course of the disease. However, pronounced skin vasculitis appeared to reflect severity of disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of reflux esophagitis with ranitidine. A multicentric prospective study].

Thirty-eight patients with erosive-ulcerative reflux esophagitis were treated in an open trial with the histamine-H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (150 mg twice daily). At endoscopy after 6 weeks there was evidence of complete healing of all epithelial defects in 20 of 38 patients (53%). Continuation of treatment for another 6 weeks in 13 patients was followed by healing in 6 additional patients as judged by endoscopy. Although the symptoms of the group as a whole improved significantly during treatment, there was no correlation between the degree of symptomatic improvement and healing of esophagitis. Also, the healing rate did not depend on age, sex, smoking and drinking habits or on the severity of esophagitis. It is concluded that medical treatment of reflux esophagitis with ranitidine is promising, even in severe cases previously considered candidates for surgery.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1982

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in Western Australia.

This paper describes the findings in three fatal cases of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Two children developed the infection in January, 1980, in widely separated wheat-belt towns. The third child's infection, diagnosed by retrospective examination of necropsy material, developed in February, 1963, in the town where the second child lived. Infection with Naegleria fowleri was demonstrated by histological examination supplemented by specific immunofluorescence in all three cases, and by culture in the second case. For early diagnosis it is important to search for amoebae both on wet preparations and on stained films of cerebrospinal fluid when primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is suspected on epidemiological grounds of from cerebrospinal fluid findings.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed1982

Stable expression in mouse cells of nuclear neoantigen after transfer of a 3.4-megadalton cloned fragment of Epstein-Barr virus DNA.

All cells that harbor the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome contain a neoantigen in the nucleus (EBNA). By transfection we located a segment of the genome that encodes or induces an antigen serologically related to EBNA. The responsible genes are found in the 3.4-megaldalton BamHI fragment K of EBV DNA, specifically in the left 1.9 megadaltons represented by HindIII fragment I1. Mouse LTK- cells were cotransformed with recombinant plasmids, containing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and either EcoRI fragment B or BamHI fragment of K of EBV DNA. The TK+ cells surviving in selective medium were cloned. About 50% of the clones expressed the neoantigen in every nucleus. These mouse cells were used as antigens in immunofluorescence tests. Antibody to the nuclear antigen was found in 30 human sera known to contain antibody to EBNA; it was not detected in 18 sera that did not have antibody to EBNA. Mouse cells expressing EBNA as the result of acquisition of cloned EBV DNA fragments should prove useful in the characterization of the structure of this antigen and as reagents for the diagnosis of EBV infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Persistent infection with adenovirus types 5 and 6 in lymphoid cells from humans and woolly monkeys.

Chronic infection with adenovirus types 5 and 6 was established in primary mononuclear leukocytes from human umbilical cord blood and in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood and from woolly monkey blood. Adenovirus could be recovered from cultures of primary leukocytes and of EBV-transformed lymphocytes for two and three months, respectively, without visible alteration of cell growth. Infection in cultures of EBV-transformed lymphocytes from woolly monkey blood was obliterated by exposure to antibody, but EBV-transformed lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood contained small amounts of virus for prolonged periods that restored infection in the culture when antibody was removed. Thus, chronic infection of lymphoid cells by some adenoviruses is maintained by at least two mechanisms: cell-to-cell spread of virus in the absence of antibody and intracellular persistence of infectious virus in the presence of antibody.

Adenoviridae Infections↗