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Biomedical subjects

G Medoff

Publications and source records attributed to G Medoff.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1970

Thymineless death in Escherichia coli 15T- and recombinants of 15T- and Escherichia coli K-12.

Thymineless death was examined in Escherichia coli 15T(-) and recombinants of 15T(-) and E. coli K-12. Those strains that were very sensitive to thymine deprivation were also very sensitive to a variety of inducing agents (mitomycin C, ultraviolet light, hydroxyurea, and nalidixic acid). Those strains that were relatively resistant to thymineless death were also relatively resistant to the inducing agents. After exposure to thymineless death and the inducing agents, sensitive strains lysed, produced colicin, and had phage particles in their lysates. These strains also showed an increase in the 6-methyladenine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and an increase in the DNA methylase activity of their crude extracts under these conditions. None of these effects was noted in the strains relatively resistant to thymineless death and the inducing agents. These data indicate that there are two types of thymineless death. One is represented by the strains that are very sensitive to thymine deprivation and other inducing agents and is secondary to the induction of phage psi. The strains more resistant to thymine deprivation and the other inducing agents undergo a non-phage-mediated thymineless death. The mechanism of this latter process is currently under study.

Chromatography, Paper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Formulary control of antimicrobial usage. What price freedom?

Formulary controls are the most common and probably the most effective method for controlling abuse of antimicrobial agents in hospitalized patients. Such programs may include restriction of both the number of agents available and the way these agents may be used. These programs have been demonstrated to control pharmacy expenditures. Other potential advantages include reductions in the incidence of adverse drug reactions and the antimicrobial resistance among the hospital flora, and improvements in the overall quality of prescribing of antimicrobials. There are few data to document such benefits, however. Potential disadvantages are also poorly documented but include inconvenience for prescribing physicians, increased administrative costs, prescribing errors, and increased antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial control programs will likely remain common, but the availability of new information technologies should enable a transition to systems based on concurrent assessment of antimicrobial appropriateness with immediate feedback to the prescribing physician.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of fluconazole with amphotericin B in treatment of histoplasmosis in normal and immunosuppressed mice.

The activities of fluconazole and amphotericin B against Histoplasma capsulatum were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 0.47 microgram/mL for amphotericin B and from 16 to 250 micrograms/mL for fluconazole. Fluconazole given orally twice a day for 6 consecutive days compared favorably with amphotericin B given intraperitoneally once every other day for a total of six doses in the treatment of histoplasmosis in normal and leukopenic mice.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibiotic misuse in two clinical situations: positive blood culture and administration of aminoglycosides.

Antibiotic use was examined among randomly and prospectively selected cohorts of 79 patients with a positive blood culture and 88 patients given aminoglycosides for a variety of reasons. Appropriateness of antibiotic use was judged daily for each agent according to specific criteria of misuse. For patients with a positive blood culture, 14.3% of antibiotic-days were judged inappropriate in some regard, while for patients given aminoglycosides, 10.2% of antibiotic-days were thought to be inappropriate. The patterns of misuse were similar for the two groups despite disparate selection criteria. The unnecessary use of antibiotics was the single most common type of misuse in both groups, but errors in dosing collectively accounted for nearly one-half of antibiotic misuse. These results suggest that a variety of factors are responsible for misuse of antibiotics. Although the data presented do not allow conclusions about the optimal methods for control of antibiotic misuse, they imply that a multifaceted approach is probably required.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antifungal action of rifampin.

Rifampin and amphotericin B were found to be synergistic in vitro against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Histoplasma capsulatum, and several species of Aspergillus, The uptake of rifampin by the fungi was increased in the presence of amphotericin B, and this increase probably formed the basis for the synergistic activity observed. In vivo, the combination proved more effective than either drug alone against experimental infections with H. capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Aspergillus species.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumococcal endocarditis: report of a series and review of the literature.

Pneumococcal endocarditis has declined sharply in incidence since the advent of penicillin but remains a potentially lethal infection. From 1980 to 1984, pneumococcal endocarditis was diagnosed in seven patients--four adults and three infants. Apart from one patient who had had a splenectomy, there were no recognizable predisposing factors to infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, although all three children were younger than 15 months of age. Congenital heart disease was present in two patients, calcific aortic disease in one, and mitral valve prolapse in a fourth. The remaining three patients had previously normal hearts. Meningitis occurred in five (71%) of the seven patients. Five patients were cured of their infection: four by medical therapy alone (penicillin or vancomycin), and a fifth, by medical therapy plus valvular debridement. Two patients died: one with intractable heart failure, and the second, from the complications of cardiac surgery. Penicillin alone is effective therapy for pneumococcal endocarditis. Patients unable to tolerate penicillin may be treated with vancomycin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controversial areas in antifungal chemotherapy: short-course and combination therapy with amphotericin B.

Two of the most controversial topics in antifungal therapy are the value of short-course therapy with amphotericin B and the use of amphotericin B in combination with other therapeutic agents. In each case, experimental data provide support for clinical use, but adequate clinical studies are sparse. Until more clinical studies are done, use of these regimens should be restricted to specific groups of patients.

Amphotericin B↗