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Biomedical subjects

G Mazzacca

Publications and source records attributed to G Mazzacca.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Comparison of pirenzepine and carbenoxolone in the treatment of chronic gastric ulcer. A double-blind endoscopic trial.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of pirenzepine and carbenoxolone in accelerating the healing of chronic gastric ulcer. Sixty-six out-patients with endoscopically proven gastric ulcer, without major systemic diseases, were admitted to the study. Patients were randomly allocated to either pirenzepine, 50 mg three times a day for 6 weeks, or carbenoxolone, 100 mg three times a day for one week followed by 50 mg three times a day for the remaining five weeks. At 6 weeks, the ulcers had healed in 20 out of 34 patients (59%) treated with pirenzepine, and in 15 out of 29 patients (52%) treated with carbenoxolone. Symptomatic improvement was similar with both drugs. Some major side effects (oedema, hypokalaemia and hypertension) occurred in approximately 30% of patients treated with carbenoxolone; of those receiving pirenzepine 25% complained of minor symptoms (e.g. dry mouth, headache, tachycardia). It is concluded that pirenzepine and carbenoxolone are of similar, but rather limited, efficacy in speeding the healing of chronic gastric ulcer, but show important differences with respect to tolerability.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1984

Diamine oxidase in rat small bowel: distribution in different segments and cellular location.

Diamine oxidase (DAO) is an enzyme with high activity found in the small bowel mucosa of the rat and man, and only with very low activity in all other tissues. The present study was designed to investigate the enzymatic distribution along 8 consecutive small bowel segments of mucosa and to test the DAO concentration on brush border membranes obtained from whole mucosal homogenate in Wistar rats. Our data document that DAO activity is mainly distributed in intermediate and distal small bowel segments and is not significantly associated with enterocyte brush border.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1983

Ranitidine vs cimetidine: short-term treatment of gastric ulcer.

We compared the clinical effectiveness and endoscopic results of ranitidine and cimetidine treatment; 71 outpatients, all affected with benign gastric ulcer, were selected for the study (43 type I, 7 type II and 21 type III, according to Johnson's classification). The patients were treated randomly for 4 weeks with ranitidine (300 mg daily) or cimetidine (1 g daily). An endoscopic examination was repeated within 3 days after the end of the treatment. Clinical checks were performed weekly in order to monitor the clinical course of pain and antacid consumption, according to the patient's needs. The patients who did not demonstrate complete healing on endoscopic examination were treated for an additional 4 week period. At the end of this 4 week period, another endoscopic examination was done. Thirty-six patients treated with ranitidine and 33 with cimetidine completed the first period of therapy. The two groups were homogeneous with regard to sex, age, duration of disease, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and type and size of ulcer. Ranitidine and cimetidine treatments did not demonstrate any significant difference with regard to ulcer healing after the 4th or the 8th week of therapy. Both ranitidine and cimetidine were less effective in healing type I than type II and III G.U., at the 4th week of treatment. No significant differences between the two groups were noted with regard to pain or weekly antacid consumption. No significant side effects were reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pseudouridine determination in blood serum as tumor marker.

A new method to measure pseudouridine (psi rd) in blood serum has been used to study patients with cancer of breast, lung, colon, and ovaries, and patients with hepatomas, non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and acute lymphoblastic leukemias, at different stages. The results indicate: (1) a significant (p less than 0.01) difference between the psi rd serum level of the cancer patient group and the normal control group; (2) that the increase of the level of serum psi rd is correlated both to the stage of the disease and to the spreading of the tumor tissue; (3) a correlation between the response to therapy and the behaviour of psi rd serum levels.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

The cholecystokinin effect on human intestinal permeability: influence of chenodeoxycholic and ursodeoxycholic acid administration.

The influence of CDCA and UDCA administration on human intestinal permeability to lactulose, as disclosed by intravenous CCK, has been investigated. For this purpose the fraction of lactulose excreted in the urine during 5 h after an oral load of the disaccharide in hypertonic solution was measured in 12 healthy subjects, with and without intravenous CCK. The lactulose test was performed in each subject before and after a 7-day course of oral CDCA or UDCA (750 mg/day). Under basal conditions CCK induced a 100% increase in lactulose excretion. CDCA treatment further augmented the response to CCK by 33% (p less than 0.001) but UDCA produced no significant change. Finally, the effect of CDCA or UDCA added directly to the lactulose test solution was investigated in 4 subjects following oral and duodenal administration. CDCA only produced an increase in lactulose excretion (more than 100%) when given in hypertonic solution. The possible reasons for these findings are discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Effects of propylthiouracil on MHV-3 virus mouse hepatitis.

A study was undertaken to observe the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) on MHV-3 virus mouse hepatitis. PTU-treatment adversely influenced the course of the hepatitis. This effect was reflected by a significantly higher mortality rate, in spite of the absence of any significant difference of the plasma transaminase activity increase and of the liver virus content.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1981

Zinc in ascites.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1981

Placebo controlled studies with ranitidine in duodenal ulcer.

171 duodenal ulcer patients were treated for four weeks with either ranitidine or placebo under double-blind conditions. 40 patients (monocentre study) received ranitidine (40 mg), or placebo t.d.s. with meals and 80 mg at bedtime. 131 patients (multicentre study) received ranitidine (150 mg), or placebo b.d. In the monocentre study endoscopy after 4 weeks of treatment showed complete healing in 83.3% of the ranitidine patients and 30.4% of those on placebo (P less than 0.01%). In the multicentre study the healing percentages were 79.4% and 30.4%, respectively (P less than 0.001). In both trials pain and antacid consumption decreased in patients taking ranitidine more than in patients on placebo. After 4 weeks in the double blind studies 13 of the 15 patients with unhealed ulcer in the monocentre study and 51 of 54 patients in the multicentre study received open treatment with ranitidine for another 4 week period. The overall healing percentages by the 8th week of treatment with ranitidine were 94.4% and 93.6% respectively. No serious side effects, or haematological changes were observed during the treatment with ranitidine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1980

Cholecystokinin and human intestinal permeability.

The effect of intravenous cholecystokinin (CCK) on intestinal permeability in normal subjects and patients after cholecystectomy has been studied by measuring the fraction of orally administered lactulose excreted in the urine. CCK induced a marked increase in lactulose excretion in normal subjects when given in a hyperosmolar solution (49.4 mg lactulose during 5 h rising to 114.3 mg with CCK, p less than 0.001). CCK failed to affect lactulose excretion when given to normal subjects in an isosmolar solution, and also when given to post-cholecystectomy patients in either hyper- or isosmolar solutions. The 'CCK effect' is therefore related to gallbladder emptying. It is suggested that conjugated bile acids released following gallbladder contraction can affect intestinal permeability by enhancing the action of hypertonic solutions on the small intestinal mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Peritoneoscopy in chronic hepatitis. A retrospective evaluation of its role in the management of the asymptomatic patient.

The course of chronic hepatitis was retrospectively evaluated in 26 patients in whom both peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy were initially performed. At entry all patients were clinically asymptomatic and showed mild or moderate histological and chemical abnormalities, so that none of them needed steroid treatment. The duration of the follow-up ranged from 24-82 months. At the end of follow-up liver biopsy was obtained in all patients. In a few patients peritoneoscopy was also ultimately performed. In six patients in whom initially chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) was diagnosed both by peritoneoscopy and liver biopsy, the subsequent course of the disease was benign. In all the nine patients in whom initially peritoneoscopy suggested CPH, in contrast to the histological diagnosis of chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH), chemical and morphological parameters of liver disease activity did not worsen to require steroid treatment. In five of six patients in whom both liver biopsy and peritoneoscopy initially showed CAH, chemical and morphological abnormalities progressed so that steroids had to be initiated. Finally in four of five patients in whom initially peritoneoscopy showed CAH and liver biopsy CPH, steroid treatment was ultimately required because of chemical and morphological worsening. In conclusion peritoneoscopy may be a useful aid in the management of the asymptomatic patient with moderate chemical and histological features of chronic liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Prifinium bromide in the treatment of the irritable colon syndrome.

Eighteen patients with irritable colon syndrome were treated with a new anticholinergic drug (prifinium bromide) and with a placebo in a 6-wk, randomized, double-blind cross-over study. The drug was orally administered in a daily dose of 90 mg before meals. Three manifestations (pain, flatulence, constipation, and/or diarrhea), scored weekly, were used as assessment criteria. Mean over-all ratings showed a difference in favor of the drug, and were statistically significant. Side effects were rare and mild. We have come to the conclusion that this anticholinergic drug may be of benefit to patients with pain-predominant forms of irritable colon syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Parietal cell hyperplasia induced by long-term administration of antacids to rats.

Suspension of magnesium and aluminum hydroxide (30--60 mEq/24h) or a comparable volme of water was orally administered by gastric intubation to two groups of 20 male Wistar rats each over 60 days. The antacid treatment led to a significant increase in the height (0.464 +/- 0.02 mm v. 0.318 +/- 0.06) and in the volume (472 +/- 32 mm3v.328 +/- 45) of the fundic mucosa of the stomach, in the average count of parietal cells per unit area of the mucosa (32.37 +/- 1.8 v. 22.3 +/- 1.6), and in the total parietal cell population of the stomach (53.6 +/- 3.5 x 10(6) v. 43.2 +/- 3.7 x 10(6)). Furthermore fasting serum gastrin concentration was significantly higher in the antacid treated rats (81.2 +/- 7.4 pg/ml) than in control animals (56.9 +/- 6.9 pg/ml).

Animals↗