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Biomedical subjects

G Mathé

Publications and source records attributed to G Mathé.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Progress in the detection and changes in the treatment of prostatic cancer].

Treatment of cancer of the prostate has been deeply transformed by the advent of D-TRP6-LH-RH. This hormonal agonist does not induce hyperestrogenemia with it's cardiovascular and glandular complications (painful gynecomastia). D-TRP6-LH-RH gives a 74% remission rate. Chemotherapy of cancer of the prostate is not toxic (vincristine, ifosphamide, 5-fluorouracile and pépléomycine); as it gives a 24% remission rate it may be that chemotherapy induces remission in tumors without androgen receptors while D-TRP6-LH-RH is only effective against tumors in which these receptors are present. This implies that assay of androgen receptors now determines the therapeutic indications for cancer of the prostate. Estrogen therapy, even in low doses, does not prolong survival of patients as compared to untreated controls, because of iatrogenic vascular complications. It will therefore be abandoned. As for local therapy, indications should be limited to failures of D-TRP6-LH-RH and chemotherapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Phase II study of 3 new nitrosoureas, 1 American (chlorozotocin) and 2 French (RFCNU and RPCNU)].

The results of three phase II clinical trials with three new analogues belonging to the family of nitrosoureas are reported. One of the studied agents, chlorozotocine (CZT) is American, while the other two, RFCNU and RPCNU, are French. All three drugs have a sugar radical. CZT proved effective mainly in a few cases of leukemia and in one case of blastic transformation of chronic myelocytic leukemia. RFCNU was shown to be effective in 8% of digestive tumors, in 1 out of 7 pancreatic cancers and in 3 out of 10 hepatic and pulmonary metastases from an undiscovered primary adenocarcinoma. As for RPCNU, it's action resembles that of RFCNU: tumor regression lasting for over three years was obtained in a patient with hepatic metastases from a digestive carcinoma; in another patient a regression rate exceeding 50% was seen in pulmonary metastases from a rectal tumor. One of the significant results of our study is the apparent tissular specificity of responses according to the agent given: CZT is more often efficient on the lymphatic localizations of the studied tumors (4/5 responses); RFCNU and RPCNU often proved active on hepatic metastases (17% responses). Digestive tolerance was excellent with CZT and RFCNU and not quite as satisfactory for RPCNU. As predicted by our experimental study, platelet toxicity is both less common and less severe with RFCNU than with CZT and RPCNU.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Aclacinomycin-A in acute leukaemias and leukaemic non-Hodgkin lymphomas (author's transl)].

Aclacinomycine-A (ACM), a new anthracycline derivative, was administered intravenously to 50 patients in doses of 10-30 mg/m2/day for periods of 6 to 30 days. Among the 45 patients who could be assessed, 17 were suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia, 19 from acute lymphoid leukaemia and 9 from non-hodgkin lymphoma. The results confirmed those first published by the authors in 1978 and led them to propose new measures aimed at reducing the toxicity of ACM. Depending on the dosage, complete or partial (more than 50%) remissions were obtained in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. In the 19 patients with acute lymphoid leukaemia, complete remission was observed in 2 and partial remission in 2. Among the 9 patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma, there was 3 complete and 1 partial remissions. ACM did not produce alopecia and, as predicted by the authors' experimental study on hamsters, did not have major cardiac toxicity. The gastrointestinal toxicity, which had forced a reduction of the total dose in the first trial, proved moderate, even with normal dosage.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1982

Follow-up results from a randomized trial for T3 and T4 breast cancer patients: previous BCG immunotherapy improves response to chemotherapy in the relapse patient.

Following locoregional treatment, patients were randomized into three groups: The first groups received no complementary treatment; the second group received adjuvant chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil once a month for 12 months); and the third group was treated by immunotherapy (150 mg BCG once a week for 1 year). Sixty-two of the 82 patients studied were menopausal. No significant difference was observed between the three groups. All patients were followed-up for at least 18 months. The disease-free interval difference between the chemotherapy group and the control and immunotherapy groups is not significant. But it should be noted that only 21.8% of the control group did not relapse compared to 57% in the chemotherapy group. BCG immunotherapy in such patients must be considered ineffective. However, our results suggest that patients first treated with BCG respond better to chemotherapy than patients not receiving any previous therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Chemotherapy of carcinomas of the digestive tract.

Adjuvant chemotherapy trials in gastric and colorectal carcinomas are reviewed and no clear benefit from such treatment could be observed. To improve existing chemotherapy regimens, several pilot studies were performed in 95 gastric cancer and 85 colorectal carcinomas patients. Response rate for gastric carcinomas using the mitomycin C plus adriamycin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (FAM) regimen was 40% and was not improved by the addition of nitrosoureas. In colorectal carcinomas none of the combinations used gave better results than 5-FU alone. Fourteen patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with combination CDDP and the response rate was as high as 50%.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Emerging immunologic approaches to treatment of neoplastic diseases.

Recent research on the immunobiology of the tumor-host relationship has demonstrated that nonspecific cellular immune reactions, like natural killer cells and cytotoxic autoreactive cells, may be far more potent antineoplastic mechanisms than specific T lymphocyte cytotoxicity. The hybridoma technique, making it possible to raise monoclonal antibodies against predefined antigens, has rendered passive immunotherapy more attractive. It is suggested that the combination of nonspecific cellular immune reactions with monoclonal antibodies may be a highly efficient antineoplastic therapy for minimal residual disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

Kinetic studies of the immunopharmacologic effects of NPT 15392 in mice.

NPT 15392 [9-erythro-(2-hydroxy,3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine] was administered in a single intraperitoneal injection to Balb/c mice at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Modifications of immune parameters were evaluated 1-14 days after the treatment. NPT 15392 potentiated antibody responses to both T-dependent (SRBC, TNP-KLH) and T-independent (TNP-LPS) antigens and delayed-type hypersensitivity to oxazolone. The proliferative response of spleen cells from NPT-treated mice to stimulation with PHA was depressed, but that to dextran sulphate was augmented. The responses to Con A or LPS were inconsistently modified. NPT 15392 augmented killer cell functions, including both T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumor cells and NK cell activity against YAC-1 tumor cells. It slightly augmented or depressed ADCC activity against antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) depending on the time of its administration. Concerning the stimulation of NK cell activity, the effect was more marked on spleen effector cells when NPT 15392 was given i.v. and on peritoneal effector cells when it was given i.p. From these results, T helper cells, B cells, and NK cells appeared to be target cells of NPT 15392 action. The various stimulatory effects peaked at different times according to the immune function tested. In addition, the prolonged, sometimes double-peaked action (antibody response to T-dependent antigens, NK activity) indicates complex mechanisms of action which may involve indirect interactions mediated by lymphokines or monokines.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas with interferons: I. Trial of myeloma therapy with human beta-interferon].

Eighteen patients with malignant gammapathies (16 with myeloma and 2 with Waldenström's disease) for a short time because in a phase II-I trial were treated with human (IF beta) given i. v. 6 X 10(6) units weekly (7 patients) or 3 X 10(6) units twice weekly (11 patients) during at least 3 months if tolerated. Treatment was discontinued because of side-effects in three patients. Reduction of the M component of at least 25% from the initial value was obtained in 3 patients. In one case, was also observed in disappearance of the urinary Bence-Jones protein, in 4 cases a significant reduction of bone marrow infiltration by plasma cells and, in 5 cases, major alleviation or disappearance of bone pain. Length of treatment seems an important factor for activity. Immune monitoring with currently available tests, mainly NK cell activity, yielded no correlation with therapeutic effect in these patients. This very preliminary study demonstrates the effect of fibroblastic interferon in myeloma, but further studies are mandatory to determine the population of patients likely to benefit from treatment, the best modalities, possible special indication, dose schedule and duration of treatment. Interferon, however, already appears in this population of patients as giving results similar to those of single agent chemotherapy. As it is not myelosuppressive, it could be indicated in that frequent situation of advanced myeloma with bone marrow failure contra-indicating combination chemotherapy.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas with interferons: III. Trial treatment of meningeal localizations of acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas with beta interferon administered by the intrathecal route].

Six patients with pure meningeal relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (5 patients) or leukemic lymphosarcoma (LS) (non Hodgkin's lymphoma) (NHL) (1 patient) were treated with intrathecal (I.T.) human fibroblastic interferon (IF beta), one vial (1.3 million units) every other day or every day up to remission or failure. Tolerance was excellent in all six patients with no local or general side effects. 5 patients had no improvement of their meningeal blast infiltrations after 5 to 8 injections and were given IT chemotherapy. The sixth patient achieved a complete remission (CR) after 11 injections, and was maintained in CR for eleven months under systemic and IT chemotherapy. IF cannot be proposed as standard treatment for meningeal leukemia, but we may be able to select a population of patients in which it could be indicated. Its combination with methotrexate and arabinoside cytosine, the two agents used IT which are S-dependent, has to be studied for a possible potentiation. Moreover, its good tolerance would permit its use in severe meningeal viral diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Results of 2 protocols in the treatment of acute lymphoid leukemia in children, according to prognostic factors].

Children with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) were treated according to two protocols. A group of 65 patients in which prognostic factors were no taken into account were treated with a combination of vincristine, asparaginase and prednisone to induce remission, followed by neuromeningeal prophylaxis with intraraquideal methotrexate and cranial irradiation with 2400 rads, two years maintenance therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate, and then reinforcing chemotherapy, BCG scarification and injection of irradiated leukemic cell. No relapses were observed in the first 4.5 years. After 7.5 year, general survival was of 60 per 100, with 44 per 100 disease-free. A group of ALL children having a good prognosis were treated as indicated but adding adriamycin during the induction of remission and vindesine during the maintenance period. During the first three years no relapses were seen, and the general survival was 82 per 100, including a high proportion of disease-free children.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of leukemias and lymphomas by interferons: II. Phase II of the trial treatment of chronic lymphoid leukemia by human interferon alpha+].

Nine patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) were treated with subcutaneous human (leukocyte) interferon alpha (IF alpha). In the first part of the study, 7 patients received intermittent 10 day courses, with free intervals of 10 to 15 days and with a rising dose in the same patient from cycle to cycle, if tolerance permits, from 1.5 to 6 X 10(6) units daily. As we observed a decrease of peripheral lymphocytosis with low doses, and as high doses gave more side-effect in the second part of the study, 4 patients (including two who had previously received intermittent courses) were treated for three months or more at a dose of 1.5 X 10(6) units daily. Tumor mass reduction was seen in only three patients, but significant decrease in peripheral lymphocytosis was seen in 7 patients sustained in the continuous treatment group with relapse at treatment discontinuation in one patient and despite continuation in another. Immune monitoring with currently available T, B, NK and macrophage tests, showed, in this population of patients, a very good correlation between NK cell activity and clinical response. Further studies are warranted to determine the best modalities of treatment as well as the population of patients likely to benefit from it, and the possible special respective indications of IF, and of the other treatments of CLL. One can already consider as a reasonable indication CLL presentations with myeloid insufficiency as IF is not myelotoxic, contrary to chemotherapy.

Drug Evaluation↗