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Biomedical subjects

G Marchal

Publications and source records attributed to G Marchal.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Tracheobronchial stenosis of the premature infant. Treatment by balloon dilatation].

The case of a 30th week preterm newborn infant, ventilated because of hyaline membrane disease and presenting with localized stenoses of the carina involving both main-stem bronchi is described. The diagnosis was made on bronchoscopy and bronchography after a period of recurrent atelectases and lobar emphysema. Due to severe broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, surgical reconstruction was impossible. A balloon dilatation was successfully performed while the infant was still ventilated. He died however at the age of 180 days.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1987

L3T4+ T cells able to mediate parasite-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity play a role in the pathology of experimental Chagas' disease.

During the chronic phase of infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, mice develop inflammatory lesions in the heart and skeletal muscles, as well as in peripheral nerves and the liver. We demonstrated the presence, in the blood of chronically infected mice, of L3T4+ T cells able to transfer a specific T. cruzi delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction. Transfer of the chronic inflammatory lesions was obtained by injecting Lyt-2+-depleted lymphocytes from either lymph node or blood of infected mice. T cell lines were established from the chronically infected mice by culturing peripheral blood lymphocytes or lymph node cells with either T. cruzi extracts (TC) or mouse peripheral nerve extracts (PN). Those cell lines that presented an L3T4+ phenotype were also able to specifically transfer a local DTH reaction to naive recipients. Examination of the antigen specificities of these TDTH lines revealed three types: those that mediated a DTH reaction to TC, those that responded to both TC and PN and those that provoked a DTH response when injected with subinflammatory doses of an irrelevant antigen. Some of the lines, when injected into the sciatic nerve of naive recipients, provoked demyelination of the type observed in chronically infected animals. These results suggest that T. cruzi and the host nervous system share common epitopes that can be recognized by TDTH cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Involvement of specific Lyt-2+ T cells in the immunological control of experimentally induced murine cutaneous leishmaniasis.

The involvement of Lyt-2+ T cells in the immunological control of cutaneous leishmaniasis was assessed by studying the course of the disease in mice in which the number of these cells was reduced by treatment with anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibody (mAb). Administration of anti-Lyt-2 mAb exacerbated Leishmania major-induced cutaneous lesions in both genetically resistant and susceptible mice. This effect correlated with a drastic reduction in the number of specific Lyt-2+ T cells generated during infection. These results, together with the observation that resistant mice possess higher numbers of specific Lyt-2+ T cells in lymph nodes draining their lesions than susceptible mice, 3 weeks after infection, indicate that Lyt-2+ T cells also play a role in the immunological control of Leishmania major-induced lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Dorsal defect of the patella: concept of its origin and relationship with bipartite and multipartite patella.

In a series of 2286 single radiographic examinations of the knee in 1985, 6 dorsal defects of the patella (DDP) were detected. The diagnosis was made if a round lucent lesion of the dorsal superolateral surface of the patella was found abutting against articular cartilage. In four of our patients, an association with a multipartite patella (MP) was found. Biopsy of one lesion showed dense connective tissue and areas of bone necrosis. In one patient, the pattern of reossification of the lesion could be demonstrated. Our observations provide further evidence that the DDP is a stress-induced anomaly of ossification rather than a post-traumatic subarticular cyst of the patella, a diagnosis sometimes suggested by the clinical context. The initial lesion is probably a traction lesion at the insertion of the vastus lateralis muscle rather than ulceration of articular cartilage. We suggest a possible relationship between dysfunction of the quadriceps mechanism, patellar subluxation, and the genesis of the DDP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Transection of the pancreas demonstrated by ultrasound and computed tomography.

The early occurrence of peritoneal signs and hyperamylasemia in a 14-year-old boy, who had fallen off his horse, urged us to perform a sonographic and computed tomographic study of the upper abdomen. Both examinations showed a complete pancreatic rupture. Distal pancreatectomy led to a rapid and uneventful recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hepatic echinococcosis ruptured into the biliary tract. Clinical, radiological and therapeutic features during five episodes of spontaneous biliary rupture in three patients with hepatic hydatidosis.

Three patients are described with hepatic involvement by Echinococcus granulosus, complicated by spontaneous rupture into the biliary tract. Clinical features consisted of upper abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, anorexia, and vomiting. Hepatomegaly and marked epigastric tenderness were consistently observed. Laboratory findings included obstructive liver function tests, leucocytosis, eosinophilia, and hyperamylasemia. Abdominal computed tomography, showing the cystic wall, the presence of wall calcifications, daughter cysts and wall enhancement, provided a correct diagnosis of hepatic hydatidosis in all patients. Dilatation of the bile ducts with the presence of intraluminal material was clearly shown by sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. These abnormalities were most frequently found in the common bile duct and in the left hepatic duct. On sonography, the intraluminal material appeared as amorphous, sludge-like hydatid sand, and as daughter cysts. On ERCP, the intrabiliary parasitic material appeared as non-homogeneous, irregularly shaped and mobile filling defects. Other findings at ERCP were displacement and distortion of intrahepatic bile ducts by the hepatic cysts and a mild dilatation of the pancreatic duct. In one occasion, evacuation of a daughter cyst through the papilla was observed. The therapeutic value of mebendazole and endoscopic sphincterotomy in our patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Crossed alexia-agraphia in a right-handed patient].

A right-handed man, born of a right-handed family, presented an infarct in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery, with a left hemiplegia, a left lateral homonymous hemianopsia and an expression aphasia. The oral trouble disappeared in some weeks, but later a permanent linguistic deficit persisted, affecting mainly the written language and realizing a clinical picture of alexia-agraphia with Gerstmann's syndrome. The neurolinguistic study showed a preferential alteration of the phonologic system in the written language, and at a lesser degree in the oral modality. The extent of the lesion and the relative integrity of oral expression and comprehension, suggested that these functions were localized in the left hemisphere, whereas lecture, writing, calculation, body-parts notion, laterality notion, had been simultaneously implanted during the ontogenesis in the right hemisphere. The latter was probably also responsible for phonological aspects of written and spoken language, according to a scheme opposite to that of usual right-handers.

Agraphia↗
PubMed1986

Higher frequency of Leishmania major-specific L3T4+ T cells in susceptible BALB/c as compared with resistant CBA mice.

In previous studies, we reported that a) the adoptive transfer of parasite-specific L3T4+ T cells enhanced rather than inhibited the development of lesions induced by Leishmania major in normal BALB/c mice, and b) the depletion in vivo of L3T4+ T cells by administration of anti-L3T4 monoclonal antibody reversed the susceptibility of BALB/c mice to L. major. To further assess the role of specific L3T4+ T cells in the development of lesions induced by L. major in BALB/c mice, the frequency of parasite-specific T cells capable of mediating specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity was determined, by limiting dilution analysis, in the lymph nodes draining the lesions of susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (CBA) mice. The numbers of L. major-specific DTH-mediating T cells was found to be substantially increased in the lymph nodes of infected BALB/c mice as compared with CBA mice. Moreover in CBA mice, analysis of the cell surface phenotype of the L. major-specific DTH-mediating T cells showed that these cells were equally represented in the L3T4+, Lyt-2-, and L3T4- Lyt-2+ subsets, whereas the majority of these cells in BALB/c mice expressed the L3T4+ Lyt-2- surface phenotype.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

"Skip areas" in hepatic steatosis: a sonographic-angiographic study.

"Skip areas" in focal steatosis describes a newly proposed "subsegmental type" of focal steatosis, which differs in both extent and topography from the more classic "lobar or segmental type" of focal steatosis. In the subsegmental type of steatosis, fatty infiltration can be considered homogeneous throughout the liver, with the exception of small flattened portions of less affected parenchyma, called "skip areas." These regions are mainly located in the subcapsular areas or along the interlobar fissures or the gallbladder bed. Observations using ultrasound in vivo, as well as on postmortem in vitro angiograms, suggest that both the extent and topography of these skip areas can be explained by local differences in vascular anatomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Apparent increased sensitivity of mice to tuberculin by adding a non-specific inflammatory agent to the antigen.

The delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction at the site of tuberculin injection in immunised animals depends on the presence of sentisitised T-lymphocytes which interact with the antigen and recruit non-specific phagocytic cells. The intensity of DTH reaction was found to be related to the non-specific inflammatory stimulus created by antigen injection. The early plasma protein extravasation which occurred 0.5 of an hour after antigen injection was correlated with the intensity of DTH reaction measured 18 hours later. The addition to tuberculin of a non-specific inflammatory agent (concanavalin A or sheep red blood cells) in a dose range without clinical inflammatory effect increased the apparent potency of tuberculin by a factor 1000.

Animals↗