[Trial of a method of concentrated attention in infant morbidity].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
G Marín
Publications and source records attributed to G Marín.
Expectancies for drinking and excessive drinking among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.
This study was designed to identify the expectancies held by Mexican Americans toward the drinking of alcoholic beverages as well as toward excessive drinking. Random samples of 534 Mexican American and 616 non-Hispanic White residents of San José, California and of San Antonio, Texas were interviewed over the telephone. Mexican Americans were found to have unique expectancies toward drinking of alcoholic beverages and toward excessive drinking that differed from those held by non-Hispanic Whites. In addition, Mexican Americans expected the various outcomes in greater proportion than non-Hispanic Whites and the Mexican American respondents classified as high in acculturation tended to respond in a manner similar to that of non-Hispanic White respondents. Multivariate analyses of variance with common (across ethnic groups) factor scales with ethnicity, gender, and drinking status as independent variables showed main effects for drinking status and for ethnicity. The group differences in expectancies identified here support the need for culturally appropriate interventions that target group-specific beliefs.
Acculturation↗
The Derma Project: present and future possibilities of skin procurement for the treatment of large burns in Argentina, Tissue Engineering and the Cadaver Skin Bank.
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Animals↗
A comprehensive smoking cessation program for the San Francisco Bay Area Latino community: Programa Latino Para Dejar de Fumar.
Background. Prevalence of cigarette smoking among Latinos compared to whites is higher among men (30.9% versus 27.9%), but lower among women (16.3% versus 23.5%). More acculturated Latina women, however, smoke more. Compared to other smokers, Latinos report consuming about half the average number of cigarettes per day. Up to a quarter of Latino smokers of less than 10 cigarettes per day may be underreporting consumption. The association between smoking and depression has also been found in Latinos. Program Goals. The Programa Latino Para Dejar de Fumar (Programa) goals are: 1) to evaluate attitudinal, behavioral, and cultural differences between Latino and white smokers; 2) to integrate these findings into a comprehensive, culturally-appropriate smoking cessation intervention; and 3) to implement the intervention in a defined community in order to decrease cigarette smoking prevalence, increase behaviors that may lead smokers to quit, and promote a nonsmoking environment. Program Components. Heightened concern about health effects of smoking, the importance of social smoking, and the influence of the family on behavior are integrated in the Programa components: 1) the promotion of a full-color, Spanish-language, self-help, smoking cessation guide (Guia), distributed at no charge; 2) an anti-smoking, Spanish-language, electronic media campaign; 3) community involvement; 4) quit smoking contests; 5) smoking cessation, individual, telephone consultations (consultas); and 6) collaboration with health care personnel. Results. Effectiveness of the Programa is being evaluated by annual, cross-sectional, random digit dialing telephone surveys compared to two baseline surveys. After 19 months of intervention, the proportion who had heard of the Programa increased from 18.5% to 44.0%, and over one third of less acculturated smokers had the Guia. Future directions will emphasize smoking prevention among youth, prevention of relapse among quitters, and depression prevention.
Acculturation↗
Evaluation of "Guia para Dejar de Fumar," a self-help guide in Spanish to quit smoking.
Because of the absence of culturally appropriate self-help smoking cessation materials for Latinos, a new Spanish language cessation guide, "Guia para Dejar de Fumar," was developed and evaluated. It was distributed as part of a community-wide intervention to decrease the prevalence of smoking. The "Guia" is an attractive full-color booklet written in universal Spanish that uses simple text and numerous photographs. Motivation to quit smoking is emphasized, and graphic demonstrations of the adverse health effects of smoking are included. A menu of quitting and maintenance techniques is presented. A total of 431 smokers were identified for evaluation at approximately 3, 6, and 12 months after receiving the "Guia." Self-reported quit rates declined from 21.1 percent at 2.5 months to 13.7 percent at 14 months; 8.4 percent of the sample had a validated quit status by saliva cotinine test at 1 year. Persons older than 44 years were more likely to remain nonsmokers, but sex, education, acculturation score, and cigarettes smoked per day did not predict smoking cessation. The components of the "Guia" most mentioned by those who were surveyed were the graphic photographs, the health emphasis, and the overall format. The authors concluded that the "Guia" is an appropriate self-help smoking cessation booklet for Spanish-speaking Latinos in the United States.
Adolescent↗
[Morphofunctional correlation in congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. II. The ectopic origin of the coronary arteries].
The authors describe the morphogenesis and functional alterations of the coronary arterial net in the ectopic coronary arteries: a) with origin in the aorta or its branches and b) with origin in the pulmonary artery. The coronary arteries are developed from: 1) endothelial sprouts localized in the great arteries walls at the level of the sigmoidal values, 2) right and left subepicardial vascular network and 3) the intramyocardial sinusoids. Most of the ectopic coronary arteries result from alterations in the connection between these three embryonic elements. The deviation of one of the subepicardial vascular network in a wrong way (in direction of pulmonary artery or the opposite Valsalva sinus) will stimulate the development of endothelial sprouts which will connect such network originating abnormal connections and anomalous origin of the coronary arteries. The origin of both coronary arteries from the pulmonary artery is in compatible with life. Myocardial ischemia is absent in patients with type I (infant) or type II (adult) anomalous origin of one coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, only in the transitional phase between both types (I and II) there is myocardial ischemia previous to the formation of the collateral coronary circulation. The ectopic origin of the coronary artery from the aortic Valsalva sinus have very little hemodynamic repercussion in the patient. Although there are cases with postexercise sudden dead. These anomalies associated to atherosclerotic coronary stenosis have an impact on the evolution and prognosis of ischemic heart disease.
Adult↗
Effects of a community intervention to change smoking behavior among Hispanics.
Our purpose was to evaluate the effects of the Program Latino para Dejar de Fumar (PLDF), a community-wide smoking cessation intervention developed for Spanish-speaking Hispanics. PLDF community intervention was based on research to identify culture-specific aspects of smoking cessation for Hispanics and included targeted distribution of a self-help cessation guide, an electronic and printed media campaign, raffles for smokers who quit, and participation in community activities. The main outcome measures were smoking cessation and associated behaviors. Exposure to the intervention, the primary predictor variable, was defined as affirmative responses to questions about recognizing the PLDF name, having the PLDF smoking cessation guide, having heard or seen messages about PLDF on various media, and knowing about a PLDF-sponsored $500 raffle. Four cross-sectional telephone surveys of Hispanic adults 18 to 65 years of age, living in neighborhoods in San Francisco, California, defined as having at least 10% Hispanics in the 1980 U.S. Census, were conducted preceding (1986-1987) and following (1988-1989) start of PLDF (total n = 7,667). Although smoking prevalence decreased over the four years, smoking cessation in the 12 months prior to the survey was unrelated to exposure to PLDF. For the two surveys conducted after PLDF was started (n = 3,551), nonsmokers, women, older adults, and less acculturated persons were more likely to report exposure to PLDF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
[Morphofunctional correlation in congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries. I. Coronary artery fistulas].
In order to explain the congenital coronary arteries malformations, the authors review the recent concepts on the coronary artery morphogenesis, based in the findings that in the human embryo, these arteries evolve from three sources: 1) endothelial aortic buds, 2) cavitary cellular groups from pericardial origin and with angiogenic character, which migrate to the cardiac zones where the coronary arteries will be distributed, and 3) the intramyocardial sinusoids. The anatomic and histologic cardiac alterations will be reflected in modifications of the coronary artery pattern. The coronary artery fistulae are formed by the persistence of the sponge structure of the myocardial wall, present in the early ontogenic steps of the cardiac development; such fistulae alter the normal functions of the coronary vascular tree and are capable to cause angina pectoris to the patient through diverse mechanisms: absence of capillarization, steal phenomenon aggravated by the altered coronary arteries properties when aneurysm or vascular channels are developed. The authors suggest a classification of the congenital coronary arteries anomalies: I. Anomalous origin in the sinus of Valsalva (anomalous and ectopic origin), II. Malformations of the coronary branches (in number, distribution and wall anomalies) and III. Anomalous connection of the coronary arteries: fistulae and persistence of the intramyocardial sinusoids isolated or communicated to left and right ventricles. The latter are frequently associated with aortic or pulmonary valve atresia. They do not cause myocardial ischemia and are formed secondary to the intracavitary elevated pressure which maintained the persistence, dilatation and communication of the ventricular chambers with such sinusoids and coronary arteries in the case of pulmonary valve atresia and with coronary veins in the case of aortic valve atresia.
Adolescent↗
[Isolated agenesis of the pulmonary valve in the adult. When is the proper time for surgery?].
The congenital absence of the pulmonary valves is a rare malformation that mainly affects children, frequently is associated with other cardiac malformations and very rarely is present in adults. Elective or urgent surgery is indicated in the symptomatic child; on the other hand, surgical treatment in the asymptomatic adult with this anomaly is controversial. Based on the reported experience in the literature, in the present article, the authors discuss the therapeutic approach of an asymptomatic 22-year-old male with pulmonary valvular absence with practically no hemodynamic repercussion. Although there had been few reported cases of isolated pulmonary valvular absence, the authors concluded that surgery is not a satisfactory solution and that it might be postponed to the time that patients develop congestive heart failure and or respiratory insufficiency. In order to detect that on time, we recommend a follow up based on periodic echocardiographic studies.
Adult↗
Self-reported awareness of the presence of product warning messages and signs by Hispanics in San Francisco.
This study investigated the self-reported awareness of the presence of product warning messages and signs among random samples of Hispanics in San Francisco surveyed in 1990 and in 1991. The messages that were tested related to cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and other consumer products. A random sample of 1,204 Hispanics (43.5 percent males) were interviewed by telephone in 1990. The corresponding figure for the second survey in 1991 was 1,569 Hispanics (41.1 percent males). In general, respondents reported low levels of awareness of the presence of product warning messages and signs. The exception was warning messages on cigarette packets which approximately 70 percent of the respondents reported having seen within the 12 months before the survey. There was an increase from 1990 to 1991 in the reported awareness of warning messages for wine, beer, and cigarettes. Smokers and drinkers of alcoholic beverages reported the highest levels of awareness of the relevant warning messages and signs. Length of exposure to warning messages and multiplicity of sources (for example, advertisements and products) seem to produce greater levels of awareness of the presence of product warning messages. Less acculturated, Spanish-speaking Hispanics are less likely to report being aware of the warnings, particularly those that appear only in English (for example, alcoholic beverages).
Adult↗
Case report of association of congenital coronary fistulae with coronary atherosclerosis.
The authors report the clinical case of a 70 year old male with a congenital plexiform fistula between a branch of the left coronary artery and the pulmonary artery, associated with the atherosclerotic lesions of the coronary arteries, both surgically treated by ligature of the fistula and aorto-coronary grafts. The patient remained asymptomatic up to the age of 65 when both cardiac ischemia and infarction ocurred, probably coincidental with the development of the coronary arterial obstruction. From data gathered from medical literature, the authors discuss the association between coronary congenital anomalies (fistulae and ectopies) with atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries. Coronary arterial atherosclerosis affects patients with congenital fistulae of the coronary arteries in the same way as in normal humans.
Aged↗
[Occlusion of interventricular septal rupture in 2 patients with an infarction].
We describe two women with interventricular septal rupture secondary to a myocardial infarction due to a total obstruction of the anterior descendent coronary artery. With the aim to stabilize the hemodynamic state of the patients before the surgical closure of the defect, we inserted a balloon-catheter introducing it to the left ventricle from the aorta and inflating it in the right ventricle after passing it through the septal orifice. After occlusion, we observed decreases in the pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio (6% in one patient and 26% in the other) and in the arteriovenous blood flow shunt (8 and 31%); a 10% systemic blood flow increase was observed in one patient. Since the pulmonary arterial pressure did not change and the pulmonary blood flow increased, an increase of the pulmonary arterial resistance was observed but no modification of the pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure occurred. In the following days, the oxymetric differences between the pulmonary artery and the right atrium showed a tendency to remain below the figures before occlusion and the pulmonary blood flow and pressure showed a tendency to decrease. One patient died 14 days after the surgical closure of the rupture, and the other, seven days after the balloon occlusion of the rupture before any surgery. We present the physiological evolution of the patients.
Aged↗