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Biomedical subjects

G Mancini

Publications and source records attributed to G Mancini.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[The nasojejunal tube in early postoperative nutrition].

BACKGROUND: To verify the effectiveness of the nasojejunal tube inserted during operation as an alternative to jejunostomy to perform early enteral feeding. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Department of Surgery, General Hospital. PATIENTS: 27 patients undergoing laparotomy because of a gastric pathology. INTERVENTIONS: In 18 patients before construction of the distal jejunum anastomosis the tube was inserted by nasal route and advanced into the jejunum ansa until the end reached 15 to 20 cm down the anastomosis (group A); 9 patients underwent a jejunostomy according to Delany (group B). All the patients started enteral feeding 24 hours after operation and had the same polymeric diet, given to them using the same procedures. MEASURES: postoperative complications, tube intolerance, intestinal tolerance. RESULTS: The degree of non-acceptance of the tube was: absent in 3 patients of group A and in 7 patients of group B (p > 0.05); slight in 6 patients of group A and in 2 patients of group B (p > 0.05); medium in 9 patients of group A and in no one of the group B (p no measurable); high in neither groups. The intestinal tolerance was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nasojejunal tube is an effective alternative to jejunostomy to perform early postoperative enteral feeding.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quality control of spirometric tests used in health surveillance for occupational exposure risk, in the province of Viterbo].

A quality control survey on spirometry assessments carried out in a number of factories in the province of Viterbo (Lazio Region) was made by the Local Health Unit in Viterbo, as required by law 626/94 on the promotion of workers health. The survey concerned 734 measurements concerning the same number of employees from 29 different factories. Each spirometry assessment was repeated in this study according to the quality standards defined in the literature and our own results were compared with the values which had been obtained over one year during the health surveillance program (ASP). A few main functional parameters were considered according to the following criteria: percentage of agreement (tolerance +/- 5%) between the two FVC, FEV1 and FEF25-75 measures or degree of discrepancy; for FEV1/FVC ratio, the occurrence of < 70 (suggestive of an obstructive lesion) and > 90 values (reflecting poor reliability in the measurement of the lung volumes) in the two sets of data. Further criteria concerned the comparison of the height of the individuals (tolerance range +/- 1 cm), and the comparison of the overall spirometry rating expressed as the number of tests rated normal or abnormal (during the first assessment as compared to the second). The results show poor agreement (11.4%) for FVC with as many as 85.8% underestimated values; 30.1% agreement and 64.2% underestimate for FEV1; 17% agreement and 53.5% overestimate for FEF25-75. There were 6.5% fewer < 70 FEV1/FVC ratios, and 18.3% more > 90 ratios in the tests carried out in the factories as compared to our own. There was 32.9% agreement on the height, with overestimation in 63.7% of the cases. There were 12.3% "false abnormal" and 2.6% "false normal" results in the overall rating of the spirometry (as carried out by the factories compared to our own). In conclusion, the survey revealed a trend in the measurements carried out by the factories to underestimate the volumes, overestimate the flows, improperly select the theoretical reference values because of a mistake in measuring the height, to overestimate restrictive abnormalities, and underestimate the obstructive ones.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nodular macroglossia with combined light chain and beta-2 microglobulin deposition in a long-term dialysis patient.

We describe a case in which nodular macroglossia, a very rare type of tongue involvement, was associated with the co-deposition of lambda light chain and beta-2 microglobulin fibrils in the tongue. The combined presence of two different amyloid fibrils did not lead to a more unfavourable clinical outcome. We believe that both these features often remain underdiagnosed and are in fact more frequent than reported. A careful clinical examination of the tongue together with serum immunofixation should be routine in all patients with dialysis-related amyloidosis in order to investigate the prevalence and type of tongue involvement and to rule out other types of amyloidosis. In all cases of suspected mixed amyloidosis, immunohistochemical characterization of fibrils should be carried out by electron microscopy.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microscopical aspects of root resorption of human deciduous teeth.

In order to obtain detailed information on the tissue changes which occur during physiological root resorption, 52 human deciduous teeth at various stages of resorption were studied under light microscopy. The early stage of root resorption was defined as resorption of not more than one third of the root length; the late stage was defined as resorption of more than one third. A close topographical interrelationship was found among che sites of pressure of the permanent tooth, the extent of root resorption and the types of tissue changes. Linear resorption (which reflects suspension or marked slowing down of resorption) and redeposition of hard tissue were more pronounced at the early stage of resorption, while lacunar resorption was more pronounced at the late stage. There were pronounced haemorrhagic and inflammatory infiltrates within the pulp at the late stage of resorption and the subodontoblastic cells disappeared as the infiltrates took over the tooth. False denticles were found frequently, especially at the early stage of resorption. Unexpectedly, acellular cementum was found to be deposited against secondary dentine at the cuspidal tip of the pulp chamber of seven teeth, independently of any sign of resorption nearby. These data indicate that: 1) the pressure exerted by a permanent tooth is the most important factor in the differentiation of odontoclasts. 2) the extent of lacunar (i.e., active) resorption correlates directly with the resorption rate, which is higher at the late stage of root resorption. 3) inflammation is a consequence, rather than a cause, of resorption; it may lead to the loss of subodontoblastic cells and a consequent decrease in the ability of the pulp cells to replace damaged odontoblasts. 4) the pulp of the deciduous tooth might be cementogenic in some way, given that about 13% of the samples were found to be so.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Progress of studies promoted by the MODS collaborative group].

In industrialised countries, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is considered an epidemic work-related disease. We have set up the MODS (Malattie Occupazionali Da Sovraccarico biomeccanico, biomechanical overload-related occupational diseases) collaborative group, formed by epidemiologists, ergonomists and occupational physicians to investigate CTS in Italy, applying the methods that epidemiologists commonly use to understand epidemics. Several studies are already ongoing. Two different descriptive studies based on current hospitalisation data are in the reporting phase. A pilot case-control multicentre study (260 cases and 520 controls in 13 centres) is in the final phase of data collection. A longitudinal study on a cohort of 3000 subjects exposed to different risk factors has reached the third year of follow-up. Moreover, a surveillance system has been set up to cover selected districts of the Emilia Romagna region. These studies will generate new information about the prevalence and incidence of CTS in Italy, along with identification of regional, high-risk job titles and work sectors, and the relative influence of non-occupational factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evidence-based medical surveillance in occupational health].

One of the major issues in Public Health is the effective allocation of resources to appropriate and efficient interventions. Medical surveillance is a part of the complex management of prevention in the Occupational Health and Safety field. The aim of the study is to present the efficacy and effectiveness of medical surveillance through an overview of articles and reviews (only one systematic review) found on scientific electronic databases (PubMed and Embase). Although the literature reports a lack of data, two main themes were selected and discussed: the quality of preventive actions and the cost-effectiveness of medical surveillance.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness studies in the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene congresses (1989-2003)].

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the results of studies on effectiveness of preventive interventions is a fundamental requirement in occupational medicine. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to identify Italian scientific production regarding this issue in the proceedings of the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene congresses over the last fifteen years. METHODS: An initial selection of the communications on intervention effectiveness studies was performed on the basis of titles, aims, tables and figures of each single presentation. A further selection was made via full reading of the previously selected communications. The selected articles were classified by type of strategy discussed, production sector, study design and several other criteria. RESULTS: 108 studies were selected out of the 3215 papers (3.4%) published in the congress proceedings examined (1989-2003). More than half of these discussed technical control strategies. In the vast majority of cases, the study design was a pre- and post-evaluation of effectiveness, and the 6 (non-randomised) trials concerned vaccination programmes. Almost a quarter of the studies on accident prevention regarded the effectiveness of training programmes. Only 5 studies could be detected in Medline as articles later published in international journals. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the Italian Society of Occupational Medicine congress proceedings over the last 15 years, the percentage of communications concerning effectiveness of preventive interventions in occupational health was 3.4%. Intervention effectiveness papers published in congress proceedings seem to reveal a quite unexpected production of effectiveness evaluation studies. Nonetheless, recommendations need to be made to improve study design and to promote effective prevention and control strategies.

Accidents, Occupational↗