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Biomedical subjects

G Mahrle

Publications and source records attributed to G Mahrle.

168 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
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Intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--report of three more German cases.

Intestinal microsporidiosis with Enterocytozoon bieneusi was diagnosed in three of 18 HIV-infected patients with chronic diarrhoea. In two cases all known stages of the life cycle of E. bieneusi (merogonial plasmodia, sporogonial plasmodia, sporoblasts, spores) were found in duodenal biopsies by electron microscopical examination, whereas in the third case only merogonial and sporogonial stages were seen. Spores were also visible by light microscopy in semithin sections. Two patients were treated with albendazole (2 x 400 mg/day for 4 weeks) but showed no response. These findings underline the concept of the worldwide distribution of this parasite and verify that it is also frequent in Germany.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
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Dithranol.

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Administration, Topical↗
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Enhancement of the antiparakeratotic potency of calcitriol and tacalcitol in liposomal preparations in the mouse tail test.

In order to test the advantage of vitamin D(3) preparations in liposomal form, calcitriol, the natural activated form of vitamin D(3), and tacalcitol, a vitamin D(3) analogue, were employed in various concentrations and using different vehicles in the mouse tail test, an animal model for testing the antiparakeratotic efficacy of topical medications. The optimal concentration in petrolatum turned out to be similar to that in commercial preparations. The liposomal preparations were superior to those in petrolatum and to those in nonliposomal phospholipids. The antiparakeratotic potency (drug activity) of liposomal tacalcitol in a concentration of 2 microg/g was twice that of the commercial preparation with a higher concentration of 4 microg/g. These results suggest that the use of liposomal vitamin D(3) preparations can achieve a given antipsoriatic effect with a reduced concentration of the active substance thereby reducing the risk of skin irritation and of hypercalcemia.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Keratinocyte lipid fluidity under the influence of cholesterols, hydrocortisones, "active lipid", tocopherol and retinoic acid--a fluorescence polarization study with regard to physiological and pathophysiological epidermopoiesis and its therapeutic accessibility.

Lipid fluidity of freshly isolated human (H) and guinea pig (GP) keratinocytes (K) was determined as the reciprocal of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) fluorescence polarization (P-value), the temperature being kept at 25 degrees C and cell density standardized to 550,000 per ml (level of statistical significance a less than 0.05). An experimental model involving short-term incubations (2.5 hours, 37 degrees C) of GPK in 1% ethanolic lipid solutions (15 mg lipid agent per ml ethanol) was set up to investigate accumulation a) of cholesterol due to terminal differentiation of keratinocytes and b) of cholesteryl sulfate due to the lack of steroid sulfatase activity in recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI). In comparison to the control including 1% ethanol (P = 0.291 +/- 0.004), significant rigidifying effects were demonstrated for cholesteryl hemisuccinate (0.331 +/- 0.005) and cholesteryl sulfate (0.310 +/- 0.002). Correspondingly, a significant increase of the P-value was also induced by cholesteryl hemisuccinate in HK. Rigidification of GPK by a preincubation with cholesteryl sulfate (P = 0.306 +/- 0.002) could be antagonized by a subsequent short-term incubation with "active lipid (mixture 721)" (0.285 +/- 0.003, a less than 0.05) which may be relevant for future therapeutic strategies in RXLI. Other steran molecules such as hydrocortisone-21-hemisuccinate or hydrocortisone acetate did not affect lipid fluidity. With regard to the therapeutic potency of retinoids in epidermopoietic disorders, incubations of HK with all-trans-retinoic-acid were compared to those with also lipophilic vitamin E, i.e. d-alpha-tocopherol, for 2.5 hours at 37 degrees C using 1% DMSO as a solvent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
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The antipsoriatic dimethyl-fumarate suppresses interferon-gamma -induced ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression on hyperproliferative keratinocytes. Quantification by a culture plate-directed APAAP-ELISA technique.

The derivatives of fumaric acid show antipsoriatic effects but details of the mechanism of action are largely unknown. The study focused on the effect of fumaric acid, dimethyl-fumarate, Zn-, Ca- and Mg-monoethyl-fumarate on the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced expression of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR molecules on keratinocytes. Human hyperproliferative keratinocytes of the HaCaT cell line were exposed to IFN-gamma (10 U/ml) alone or in combination with fumaric acid and its derivatives for 48 hrs. The effect of fumarates was investigated semiquantitatively using the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) method. Subsequently, the effect of dimethyl-fumarate, the main component of "fumaric acid therapy", was evaluated quantitatively by means of an APAAP-ELISA technique. The semiquantitative evaluation revealed that in the micromolar dose range investigated only dimethyl-fumarate demonstrated substantial growth inhibition and down-regulation of the cell surface markers. In the quantitative evaluation, dimethyl-fumarate significantly (p</=0.05) suppressed the expression of ICAM-1 (84%) and HLA-DR (67%) on HaCaT keratinocytes at a subtoxic concentration of 4.0 microM as compared to untreated controls (100%). In contrast, concentrations of 4.0, 12 and 35 microM dimethyl-fumarate had no influence on the ICAM-1 and HLA-DR expression on IFN-gamma-exposed normal human epidermal keratinocytes in primary cultures. Thus, there is experimental evidence that dimethyl-fumarate may exert its antipsoriatic effect not only as an antiproliferative agent but also by down-regulation of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR molecules on hyperproliferative keratinocytes.

Cell Division↗