Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to G M White.
In summary, knee injuries may be difficult to evaluate, but a systematic approach can lead one to an accurate, precise diagnosis. Certain injuries require higher priority management, and more expedient care and recognition of these is critical (Table 1).
Wide fluctuations in results obtained by different laboratories for the content of estrogen receptors from a single source of tissue powder were reported by several investigators at the 1979 NCI Consensus Committee Meeting for Steroid Receptors in Breast Cancer and were further supported by data collected by our laboratory for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. In a multilab study the inconsistency in the receptor content is a product of the variations associated with the assay procedures used by different laboratories and those due to unavoidable daily changes in the experimental conditions within each laboratory. In this report we present data on the variation of estrogen receptor measurements obtained by a single laboratory for any single source of tissue powder repeatedly analyzed. A retrospective analysis of the data collected on the receptor content of several different batches of calf uteri analyzed on different days (inter-assay variation) under uniform conditions revealed a coefficient of variation averaging +/- 35% (standard deviation divided by mean X 100). Experiments showed that the fluctuations in the receptor yield from aliquots of the same tissue powder are primarily an effect of the homogenization step that precedes cytosol preparation. Therefore, for establishing quality control, distribution of lyophilized cytosols should precede lyophilized powders to test the efficiency of performance of laboratories. A homogenizer designed to minimize thermal denaturation is also essential.
Ethnographic and clinical research has described Chinese views of psycho-social distress as characterized by the 'somatization' of illness complaints and the 'underutilization' of mental health services. The hypothesis which states that such observed differences in American and Chinese illness behavior, including health-care decisions, derive in part from cultural modes of explaining illness and social behavior is termed the 'interpretative hypothesis'. The 'interpretive hypothesis' is explored by eliciting causal inferences about illness and behavioral difficulties from samples of (Caucasian) American and Hong Kong Chinese students at the University of Hawaii. Explicit procedures are developed for the reliable identification of elements of meaning in explanations given by the two groups. Comparative analysis gives limited support to the 'interpretive hypothesis' in showing a more 'psychologized' American model of illness in comparison with the 'situational' explanations given by the Hong Kong Chinese. The contrasts in common sense explanations offered by each sample suggest that these differences are related to implicit cultural modes of interpreting social behavior which have been characterized by other researchers with oppositions such as 'individual-centered' vs 'situation-centered', and 'internal' vs 'external' locus of control. These speculations, however, are tempered by the finding that the Hong Kong Chinese respondents make relatively greater use of personality attributions (a kind of psychological construct) in explaining interpersonal problems. This result indicates that global characterizations of explanatory modes should be limited to specific domains of discourse.
By the use of a combination of Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and hemagglutination, it was found that 30 of 81 sera (37%) from patients who had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had antibodies to the ribonucleoprotein component of extractable nuclear antigen, and 37 (46%) had antibody to the Sm antigen. Immunodiffusion was more sensitive for detection of anti-ribonucleoprotein, while hemagglutination detected more anti-Sm. Both technics are necessary to define qualitatively the types of antibodies present in SLE sera.
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Over a period of 29 years 30 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia were referred to the Cancer Control Agency of British Columbia. Five patients had benign disease and required no further treatment after having had dilatation and curettage. The remaining 25 patients were treated with methotrexate or hysterectomy, or both. Actuarial survival rates were 96.4% at 1 year and 90.6% at 5 years. There was a high correlation between malignancy and high titres of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). All cases of hydatidiform mole must be followed closely by means of estimations of HCG titre.
An accurate, rapid calculation of Cardiac Output is of great importance during the treatment of critically ill patients. This paper describes a complete, self-contained mini-computer system, based on a Data General NOVA 1220 which can accurately sample data and compute the results in about 30 sec. The system uses the thermodilution method with a Swan-Ganz catheter to collect data and a weighted least-squares technique to compute the results.
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