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Biomedical subjects

G M Turino

Publications and source records attributed to G M Turino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Identification of surface antigens of endothelial cells.

A monolayer of a clone of endothelial cells derived from rat lung cells (RLE) was overlaid with 1 M urea to extract the surface proteins. Hydrolysis and SDS-gel electrophoresis of the urea extracted cell surface proteins (UCSP) yielded four peptides of 350,000, 84,000, 66,000 and 18,500 molecular weight. Of these only the 66,000 and 18,500 molecular weight peptides reacted with antibodies raised in rabbit against rat lung endothelial cells (RLE). The 18,500 mol. wt. antigenic peptide was a serum protein associated with the cell surface, whereas the 66,000 mol. wt. peptide was the surface antigen synthesized and released into the medium by the rat lung endothelial cells. On rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the 66,000 mol. wt. rat kidney fibroblast surface peptide produced only a single rocket whereas peptides of RLE produced two rockets, suggesting the presence of an additional antigenic peptide which could serve as a marker for endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in explants derived from bleomycin-treated fibrotic hamster lungs.

Glycosaminoglycan synthesis was studied in explant cultures of hamster lungs 15 and 45 days following intratracheal administration of Bleomycin. At both time points, a statistically significant increase in 35S-sulfate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans was seen in the Bleomycin-treated explants compared with that of the controls. Furthermore, the percentage of label associated with dermatan sulfate was significantly higher in the treated explants than in controls at both 15 and 45 days. Conversely, the percentage of labeled heparin and/or heparan sulfate was significantly lower for the treated explants compared to controls at these times. These results indicate that glycosaminoglycan synthesis is altered from normal in this model of interstitial lung disease. Comparison of these data with previous measurements of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in another model of interstitial lung disease, induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurethane, reveals marked similarity in the changes from normal in 35S-labeling.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: biochemistry and autoradiography.

At 5, 15, and 45 days following induction of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by intratracheal administration of bleomycin in hamsters, glycosaminoglycan synthesis was measured, using [35S]sulfate. Total labeled sulfate incorporation into lung glycosaminoglycans was maximally increased over that of saline-instilled controls at 5 days (P less than or equal to 0.05), declined markedly at 15 days, and returned to control values at 45 days. Separation of the various labeled glycosaminoglycans by chondroitinase digestion and chromatography revealed a transient rise from controls (P less than or equal to 0.05) in the proportion of labeled chondroitin 4-sulfate at 5 days, followed by an increase from controls (P less than or equal to 0.05) in proportionate labeling of dermatan sulfate at 15 and 45 days postbleomycin. Autoradiography, using [35S]sulfate, performed at 21 days postbleomycin, revealed an increase from controls in film grain formation in areas of interstitial reaction. Grain formation was greatly reduced by pretreatment of the slide sections with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase, demonstrating the specificity of the label for glycosaminoglycans. The results indicate that glycosaminoglycan synthesis is significantly altered from normal in this model of interstitial lung disease and that dermatan sulfate is preferentially synthesized during the fibrotic phase of the lung reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Glycosaminoglycan synthesis in endotoxin-induced lung injury.

Endotoxin-induced lung injury has previously been shown to produce lesions that resemble emphysema morphologically and biochemically as demonstrated by the reduction in the content of lung elastin. The purpose of this study was to define the changes in one other connective tissue component, glycosaminoglycans, during the acute phase of the lung injury. Intravenous administration of a single dose of endotoxin in rats resulted in an increase in the total synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by the pulmonary parenchyma. There was a significant increase in the proportion of dermatan sulfate synthesized during the first 48 hr and a concomitant decrease in heparin/heparan sulfate synthesis. At 48 hr the increased synthesis of dermatan sulfate had reached 7.3 times control values and began to decline, whereas the synthesis of chondroitin-4-sulfate rose from 4.1 to 10.7 times control values between 48 and 72 hr. Analysis of the rates of synthesis revealed that the total amount of heparin/heparan sulfate remained constant while the synthesis of chondroitin-6-sulfate increased proportionally to the overall synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. These findings indicate that dramatic changes in glycosaminoglycan synthesis are an integral part of endotoxin lung injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A simple procedure for the isolation of pulmonary parenchyma free of major blood vessels and airways for biochemical studies.

A new method of preparation of lung parenchyma free from small and medium sized airways and blood vessels is described. The lung is frozen in the inflated state and cut into thin slices to facilitate visualization and separation of large blood vessels and airways. With the aid of a special steel brush mounted on a kitchen blender most of the smaller as well as medium sized blood vessels and airways are easily shaved off and subsequently separated from the parenchyma by sieving through a 20-mesh sieve. The fall-through portion consists almost entirely of alveoli. Amino acid analysis of elastin separated from the sieved fragments is similar to lung parenchymal elastin isolated and dissected from fresh lung tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Heparin facilitates the extraction of tissue fibronectin.

Extraction of fibronectin from two human tissues, lung parenchyma and placental villi, was facilitated by the incorporation of heparin into extraction media. The effect of heparin was additive to the effect of urea which is known to extract fibronectin. These experiments provide further evidence that fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans are associated in connective tissues and the use of heparin forms the basis for a simple method for extraction and quantitation of tissue fibronectin.

Dermatan Sulfate↗
PubMed1981

Sustained reversal of chronic hypercapnia in patients with alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. Long-term maintenance with noninvasive nocturnal mechanical ventilation.

Described in this study are eight patients with alveolar hypoventilation syndromes who presented with carbon dioxide narcosis and coma. After reversal of severe hypercapnia, all patients were discharged and maintained at home for an average period of 10 years utilizing "noninvasive" nocturnal mechanical ventilation. The use of "noninvasive" mechanical ventilation at home attempted to void the hazards of tracheostomy and the difficulties inherent in continuous daytime use of oxygen. This form of treatment has allowed these patients to continue their previously productive lives. This study represents the first published long-term follow-up regarding this mode of treatment in patients with alveolar hypoventilation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Impaired angiotensin conversion and bradykinin clearance in experimental canine pulmonary emphysema.

Chronic hypoxic lung diseases are associated with abnormal blood pressure regulation. Because the lung is the principal site of angiotensin conversion and because hypoxia decreases converting enzyme activity, we examined whether angiotensin converting enzyme activity was impaired in lung disease. 12 dogs received a 6 wk course of aerosolized and intratracheal papain that produced moderate panlobular emphysema. These dogs and 24 control dogs were anesthetized and sampling catheters were placed under fluoroscopic control. Angiotensin conversion was measured by a blood pressure response bioassay. Pulmonary converting enzyme activity was also assessed by infusing bradykinin (BK) and using radioimmunoassay to measure the instantaneous clearance of BK and the concentration of BK in the pulmonary artery which first produced spillover of BK into left atrial blood. Angiotensin conversion was reduced in the emphysematous dogs to 81.1% (13.2 SD) from 92% (6 SD) in the control dogs (P < 0.01). Instantaneous clearance of BK in the emphysematous dogs was only slightly reduced (93%), despite reduction in their Pao(2) to 75 mm Hg, indicating that the greatest proportion of the perfused vascular bed was exposed to alveolar Po(2) of >90 mm Hg. However, the barrier to BK passage provided by the lung, and measured by the spillover level, was reduced (1/4) to (1/2) that observed in control animals. That the defect was promptly corrected by supplemental oxygen indicates that regional pulmonary vascular converting enzyme activity had been impaired by regional alveolar hypoxia, which permitted some peptide to pass through the lungs unmetabolized. Determination of peptide metabolism in the lungs may provide a useful measure of regional alveolar hypoxia and may lead to new ways of assessing lung injury.

Angiotensin I↗
PubMed1981

Separation of elastin components by thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis.

Several methods are described which employ thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis for investigations into the structure and synthesis of crosslinked elastin. These procedures are more sensitive and involve less elaborate equipment than separation on paper. The methods described include an electrophoretic procedure for detecting the cross-linking amino acids in elastin hydrolysates, a method for completely separating desmosine, isodesmosine and merodesmosine in these hydrolysates, and a method for producing two-dimensional peptide maps of elastase digests of elastin.

Amino Acids↗