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Biomedical subjects

G M Rayan

Publications and source records attributed to G M Rayan.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Aerobic mouth flora of the rhesus monkey.

The aerobic and facultative anaerobic mouth flora of 17 rhesus monkeys was studied qualitatively, including antibiotic susceptibilities. The organisms most often encountered were Neisseria species (19.8%), alpha haemolytic streptococci (19.8%), and Haemophilus parainfluenzae (17.2%). All Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates were susceptible to cefoperazone. The combination of penicillin and cefoperazone may be the most appropriate initial antibiotic treatment for monkey bite injuries.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Gouty tenosynovitis and compression neuropathy of the median nerve.

Two cases of gouty tenosynovitis were associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. Both patients had carpal tunnel release with good relief of symptoms. In one patient, gout was not suspected before operation; this patient developed wound dehiscence with tophaceous urate crystal drainage that eventually disappeared. Proper preoperative antigout therapy may have prevented this complication. Carpal tunnel syndrome associated with gout is rare. Preoperative investigations for gout may be indicated in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Wrist arthrodesis.

Twenty consecutive patients were treated with wrist arthrodesis. Nine patients had rheumatoid arthritis, and eleven patients had a variety of other arthritic conditions. The average follow-up time was 34 months. Clinical examination and roentgenograms showed that eighteen patients had solid fusion of their wrists, with an average of 11 weeks of immobilization. Two patients had delayed union--one of them removed his cast after the operation. No reason for the delayed union was found in the second patient, who had rheumatoid disease. Ultimately, both patients had solid fusions after a total immobilization time of 20 weeks and 16 weeks, respectively. Solid fusion, pain relief, and satisfactory functional results can be achieved following wrist arthrodesis. Prerequisites for obtaining such results are as follows: First preoperative assessment of the patient's upper extremity level of function and range of motion (ROM) of all other joints of the extremity, and radiographic assessment of wrist and hand deformities. Second, during surgery, rigid fixation should be obtained and wrist deformity if present, as in rheumatoid disease, should be corrected. Third, a postoperative rehabilitation program should include range of motion of other joints, muscle strengthening, and functional activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Persistent median artery and compression neuropathy.

Two cases are presented, each with a large persistent unthrombosed median artery associated with carpal tunnel syndrome. It is noted that in cases such as these, excision of the unthrombosed median artery is not indicated because it may sometimes substantially contribute to the circulation of the hand.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Peripheral nerve changes following epineurial injection of saline and blood in rat sciatic nerve.

The effects of warm saline and heparinized autogeneic blood injection on a rat sciatic nerve were observed by histologic, histochemic, and CT planimetry. Demonstrable intraneural degenerative changes and epineurial cellular proliferation were present in both groups. Hemosiderin deposits were present in the epineurium and intraneurally only in the blood group. Epineurial saline injection produces nerve damage; therefore, its use for the purpose of neurolysis is not recommended. Further investigations are needed to study the effect of nonheparinized blood injection. The use of computerized planimetry in assessing quantitative nerve damage proved to be feasible.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Congenital hypoplastic thumb with absent thenar muscles: anomalous digital neurovascular bundle.

Congenital hypoplastic thumb with absent thenar muscles and an associated single midline digital neurovascular bundle is reported in four patients. Several other anomalies localized to the hand were encountered in all patients, including instability of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and anomalous extrinsic tendons of the involved thumb. Multiple congenital abnormalities were also found in all patients, especially in relation to the spine.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Ulnar digital compression neuropathy of the thumb caused by splinting.

Acute compression neuropathy of the ulnar digital nerve of the thumb is described in two women, 23 and 53 years of age. The injury was caused by pressure from a splint. The pathogenesis and clinical features resemble the classic "bowler's thumb." Early recognition and proper treatment will prevent irreversible neurologic damage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoracic outlet syndrome: provocative examination maneuvers in a typical population.

Provocative examination maneuvers were assessed in 200 upper extremities of 100 volunteers to determine the prevalence of positive responses in the typical population. The Adson, costoclavicular, and hyperabduction maneuvers were assessed for vascular and neurologic responses. Fifteen (7.5%) extremities had a Tinel's sign. The vascular response was present in 27 (13.5%) extremities for the Adson maneuver, 94 (47%) extremities for the costoclavicular maneuver, and 114 (57%) extremities for the hyperabduction maneuver. The neurologic response was present in 4 (2%) extremities for the Adson maneuver, 20 (10%) extremities for the costoclavicular maneuver, and 33 (16.5%) extremities for the hyperabduction maneuver. The vascular response is more common than the neurologic response in the typical population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thoracic outlet syndrome.

A careful history and thorough physical examination are the most important components in establishing the diagnosis of TOS. The use of radiographic and laboratory tests, when indicated, can improve the diagnostic yield. Provocative positional maneuvers must be evaluated for their vascular and, more important, for their neurologic response. These maneuvers do not "make" the diagnosis, but they can be a useful adjunct for confirming the diagnosis. Vascular TOS is less common and often requires surgical treatment. Neurologic TOS is very common but less frequently requires surgical treatment. The surgical approach and procedure selection should be determined by the nature of the pathologic condition and site of compression.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Triceps tendon rupture in weight lifters.

Triceps tendon avulsion injuries are rare. We report four weight lifters with triceps tendon raptures, two of whom had received local steroid injections for pain in the triceps. All four patients had taken oral anabolic steroids before injury. All patients had closed avulsion of the triceps tendon from its insertion into the olecranon. Three patients were injured while bench pressing heavy weights, and one patient was injured while swinging a baseball bat. Satisfactory results were achieved after surgical reinsertion of the tendon.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cubital tunnel: anatomic, histologic, and biomechanical study.

The anatomy of the cubital tunnel was examined in 19 human cadaveric elbows. Pressure measurements within the cubital tunnel were recorded at the medial epicondyle level and 3 cm distal to the epicondyle in various positions of elbow flexion. Histologic examination of the ulnar nerve was carried out at different levels. A common flexor aponeurosis (CFA) was consistently present in all specimens between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum superficialis. Pressure measurements were greater distally at the CFA level than proximally in the fibrosseous tunnel. The pressure inside the cubital tunnel increased with increasing flexion at the 3 levels examined. Releasing the arcuate ligament decreased the pressure in the fibrosseous tunnel but not distally at the level of the CFA. An oligofascicular pattern of the ulnar nerve was observed at the level of the medial epicondyle and CFA. This finding was in contrast to the polyfascicular pattern present both proximal and distal to these structures. The findings of our study have shown that an intimate anatomic relationship exists between the ulnar nerve and the CFA. This proximity appears to affect the biomechanics of the cubital tunnel and to contribute to nerve compression by the CFA in the distal tunnel. We also found that elbow flexion increases the pressure in the distal tunnel and that releasing the arcuate ligament alone does not decompress the ulnar nerve in the distal tunnel.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗