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Biomedical subjects

G M Cochrane

Publications and source records attributed to G M Cochrane.

124 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1974

Actions of glucose and potassium chloride on osmoreceptors slowing gastric emptying.

1. Five subjects were given 373 test meals of 750 ml. water containing a range of concentrations of glucose or potassium chloride.2. The greater the concentration of solute in the meals, the greater was the volume of the test meal recovered from the stomach after a fixed time.3. When the concentrations of the solutes were expressed as m-osmole/l. corrected by osmotic coefficients based on vapour pressures at 37 degrees C, glucose and potassium chloride were indistinguishable in slowing gastric emptying.4. These results are consistent with the regulation of gastric emptying by a duodenal receptor responding to osmotic pressure.5. Potassium chloride was more nauseating than glucose on an osmolar basis.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1972

Effect of mechanical loading on ventilatory response to CO2 and CO2 excretion.

The ventilatory response to CO(2) (S) and respiratory exchange ratio have been measured in 10 healthy subjects breathing naturally and through added resistive loads. The changes in these values produced by the added loads were shown to be correlated with the unloaded CO(2) responsiveness. The results indicated that poorly responsive individuals had a greater depression of ventilatory response to CO(2) and were more liable to retain CO(2).These observations raise the possibility that the constitutional CO(2) responsiveness of an individual influences the alveolar ventilation achieved in the presence of airways obstruction. The propensity to develop respiratory failure may thus be conditioned by the premorbid CO(2) responsiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Effect of personality on alveolar ventilation in patients with chronic airways obstruction.

A study has been made of the personality of 44 patients with chronic airways obstruction (using the Eysenck Personality Inventory), this being related to the difference between their observed Pvco(2) and that predicted from their F.E.V.(1). This was designed to test the hypothesis that those patients with a lower Pvco(2) than predicted were the more extravert.The results showed a significant correlation between extraversion and the departure of Pvco(2) from predicted Those patients having a lower Pvco(2) than predicted were more extravert than those with a Pvco(2) higher than predicted. There was no correlation between neuroticism and the Pvco(2).These results support the hypothesis that the personality of a patient may play an important part in determining the alveolar ventilation found in patients with chronic airways obstruction. Patients known as "pink puffers" could more appropriately be named "pugnacious pink puffers."

Asthma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled release salbutamol tablets versus sustained release theophylline tablets in the control of reversible obstructive airways disease.

A crossover pilot study was undertaken to compare the acceptability of controlled release salbutamol tablets (8 mg twice daily) with a sustained release theophylline preparation (400-800 mg given once each night) in patients with reversible obstructive airways disease. A 2-week run-in period was used to titrate the theophylline dosage. Patients were then allocated at random to one of the treatments before being immediately crossed over to the other for a further 4 weeks. Thirty-two patients, aged 17-66 years, entered the trial. Seventeen patients (53%) were withdrawn. The majority of the 13 withdrawals due to side-effects of theophylline occurred during the run-in period. There were no statistically significant differences between treatments for either lung function tests performed at the clinic or for peak expiratory flow rate recorded by the patients. The non-asthma symptom score was significantly higher with theophylline than with the salbutamol preparation. A preference for treatment with the controlled release salbutamol tablets was expressed by 11/15 patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of changes in airway calibre using the body plethysmograph.

We set out to assess the contribution of errors in measurement of thoracic gas volume and the relationship between volume and conductance to the estimation of airway resistance and conductance. In three subjects, errors in thoracic gas volume were smaller by a computerized than a manual method, but were not great enough to have much effect on the variability of resistance and conductance. The conductance-volume relationship was very variable in 17 subjects; from this relationship, it was possible to predict whether conductance or specific conductance would be the more variable measurement in 16 out of the 17. Conductance-volume relationships changed markedly after bronchoconstriction with histamine in one out of three subjects. Overall we found specific conductance to be the most satisfactory measurement. This measurement can be made without estimation of thoracic gas volume by closure of the mouth shutter and can, therefore, be used to follow acute changes in airway calibre.

Adolescent↗