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Biomedical subjects

G Lundgren

Publications and source records attributed to G Lundgren.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Living related kidney donors: complications and long-term renal function.

Sixty-two living related kidney donors were nephrectomized during a 10-year period. The overall complication rate was 40%, most complications being minor. Among the major complications was one patient with pulmonary embolism and three patients with hepatitis. One female donor suffered a psychoneurotic reaction following rejection of the donated kidney and she is still away from work, more than 2 years later. The other 61 donors were back to work within 2 to 18 (mean 8) weeks. The mean serum creatinine livels increased from 0.95 preoperatively to 1.15 mg/100 ml at the followup examination, which took place between 6 months and 9 years after nephrectomy. The mean increase in serum creatinine was higher in donors above 50 years of age (P less than 0.02). The mean creatinine clearance of the whole group decreased from 111 to 90 ml/min. The mean increase in size of the remaining kidney was 22%. Donor nephrectomy is a safe procedure with few serious complications and the prognosis for the recipient is excellent. Therefore, we consider transplantation from a family member to be the treatment of choice in terminal uremia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Listeria encephalitis in five renal transplant recipients.

Listeria encephalitis has occurred recently in 5 renal transplant recipients at the Transplantation Unit in Stockholm. Symptoms from the central nervous system, such as coma, hemiparesis and cranial nerve paresis, dominated the clinical picture. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the blood of all the patients, from the cerebrospinal fluid in two, from the urine in one and post mortem from the brain in one patient. Pleocytosis never exceeded 200 leucocytes/mm3 and the glucose ratio was normal or near normal. Complement fixation test for Listeria was negative in all 5 patients. Four patients expired in spite of treatment with large doses of penicillin and other antibiotics to which the isolated strains were sensitive in vitro. At autopsy, inflammation and necrosis were observed in the brain, especially the brain stem, and there was mild lymphocytic infiltration of the meninges. The surviving patient was treated with a combination of chloramphenicol and ampicillin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of acetylcholine release in guinea pig ileum by adenosine.

The effect of adenosine on cholinergic neuroeffector transmission was studied in the isolated guinea pig ileum. Adenosine caused a dose-dependent and inverse frequency-dependent inhibition of contraction responses to transmural nerve stimulation. Blockade of adrenergic neurotransmission did not alter the inhibitory effect of adenosine. Adenosine also inhibited contraction responses to serotonin, angiotensin and high potassium, but not the responses to acetylcholine, histamine or direct electrical stimulation of the smooth muscle cells. Adenosine had little effect on basal outflow of acetylcholine but inhibited markedly and reversibly the release of acetylcholine induced by nerve stimulation. Acetylcholine was determined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results provide direct evidence that adenosine inhibits cholinergic neuroeffector transmission in the gut by a prejunctional action on acetylcholine release. This may be of functional importance since adenine compounds are released during stimulation of intestinal nerves.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Angiography and scintigraphy of human pancreatic allografts.

Serial graft angiographies and scintigraphies were obtained in 4 human pancreatic allograft recipients. Important information was obtained both of graft morphology and function. Graft rejection was accompanied by characteristic abnormalities, including arterial irregularities and prolonged contrast medium passage time. On scintigraphy, rejection was associated with reduced isotope uptake.

Angiography↗
PubMed1977

Lead in umbilical cord blood correlated with the blood lead of the mother in areas with low, medium or high atmospheric pollution.

Lead concentrations in 541 samples of umbilical cord blood from different parts of Sweden were determined. The mean concentration was 7.6 mug lead/100 ml (=0.367 mumol/l). The blood lead values were also determined for 297 mothers and a mean value of 8.7 mug/100 ml (=0.420 mumol/l) was found. There was a significant correlation between the blood lead level of the mother and the infant as studied in 253 pairs. The slope of the regression line was 0.5 r (r=0.6). Significantly lower blood values for both mother and infant were found in areas with low pollution as estimated from the lead content in moss. No seasonal variation could be ascertained. Hematocrit versus lead concentration was also studied. A flameless atomic absorption method was used with a standard deviation of 0.9 mug lead/100 ml. The storage time and sample treatment were also studied.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1977

Microchemical assays of glutathione, zinc, cobalt and manganese in micro-dissected areas of the endocrine pancreas in the hagfish, Myxine glutinosa.

In hagfish islet parenchyma, consisting practically only of insulin-producing B-cells and agranular B-cell precursors, the contents of glutathione (GSH) and total protein-free thiols (NPSH) were determined on micro-dissected islet lobules. GSH was found to be of the same order of magnitude (22-25 mg/100 g wet weight) as in the islet parenchyma of a previously studied teleost fish and of some mammals, including man. However, the NPSH was found to be considerably higher in the islet lobules of the hagfish than in the teleostean islet parachyma. As in both teleost fish and mammals, GSH made up most of the NPSH in the hagfish erythrocytes, myocardium, and skeletal musculature. This discrepancy between hagfish islet parenchyma and other tissues indicates that the non-GSH portion of NPSH may be of particular significance for the insulin-producing B-cells. By means of flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry the contents of zinc, cobalt, and manganese were determined in micro-dissected hagfish islet lobules. Neither zinc, nor cobalt, occurred in significantly higher concentrations in the islet parenchyma than in the liver or the skeletal musculature. Only manganese was found in somewhat higher amounts in the islet lobules than in the other tissues, but the contents were still low. The results indicate that none of the three heavy metals play any important role in the synthesis, storage, or release of insulin in the hagfish. The significance of this in relation to the prevailing hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of alloxan diabetes is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Zinc and manganese contents of micro-dissected pancreatic islets of some rodents. A microchemical study in adult and newborn guinea pigs, rats, Chinese hamsters and spiny mice.

By a flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry procedure, using a graphite furnace, it was possible to assay the contents of zinc and managanese in micro-dissected pancreatic islets of several rodents. Interest was focused upon the islets of guinea-pigs, due to the fact that guinea-pig insulin lacks a histidine residue in the B10 position of the molecule which normally binds zinc (or other heavy metals) in the hexamer formation, probably involved in the storage of insulin. Both the zinc and manganese contents were too low in the guinea-pig islet parenchyma to be reasonably involved in the storage of insulin in the beta-granules. Instead, it was suggested that guinea-pig insulin, like hagfish insulin, might crystallize without access to zinc or other heavy metals. Low zinc and manganese contents were also observed in newborn and diabetic guinea-pigs. The islet zinc content was high in the Wistar rat, the Chinese hamster, and the spiny mouse. No significant amounts of manganese were found in any of these kinds of islet parenchyma.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Secondary hyperparathyroidism and its sequelae in renal transplant recipients. Long term findings in a series of conservatively managed patients.

The prevalence and duration of secondary hyperparathyroidism in 42 renal transplant recipients, and the sequelae of this condition, were studied. Immediately before transplantation, an elevated PTH-value was recorded in 76% of the patients, postoperatively there was a marked drop. Early after successful transplantation, 57% of the patients had hypercalcemia. At follow-up 3 years later, moderate hypercalcemia persisted in half of the patients but only 3 patients had significantly elevated PTH. The quality of renal graft function was not inferior in the hypercalcemic patients. Subperiosteal bone resorption and soft tissue calcifications were more common among the hypercalcemic patients. Our data suggest that secondary hyperparathyroidism can be managed conservatively in most renal transplant recipients. If progressive bone changes occur, surgical removal of parathyroid tissue should be considered.

Child↗
PubMed1977

The role of parathyroidectomy in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism before and after renal transplantation.

In a series of 335 renal transplant recipients, 28 patients underwent parathyroidectomy due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Twenty patients were operated on prior to renal transplantation, 8 subsequent to it. Solitary adenomas were found in 6 cases, diffuse hyperplasia in 22. Fifteen of the patients with diffuse hyperplasia underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of parathyroid fragments into the sternocleidomastoid muscle, subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed in 7. Four hypercalcaemic patients underwent parathyroid surgery because of deteriorating transplant function but without improvement. Following parathyroidectomy, 21 patients became hypocalcaemic. 15 of these patients had undergone total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation. Dihydrotachysterol substitution was accompanied by toxic symptoms in three patients on dialysis and by deteriorating renal function in two transplanted patients. Therefore, subtotal parathyroidectomy is recommended as the surgical procedure of choice in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism before, as well as after renal transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Steroid diabetes after renal transplantation--a preliminary report.

The incidence of steroid diabetes mellitus was studied retrospectively in 84 renal transplant recipients with grafts which had functioned longer than 3 months. The observation time ranged between 3 and 36 months (mean 17 months). Overt diabetes necessitating treatment was found in 24 patients (29%). Another 14 patients had transient elevations in blood glucose. The incidence of steroid diabetes was found to correlate with increasing age and body weight and with the number of rejection episodes. In the majority of the patients with manifest diabetes it was diagnosed within three months after transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The significance of HLA-A and -B matching for cadaver-kidney survival in Stockholm 1970--1976.

The significance of HLA-matching for the survival of cadaver kidneys, transplanted between January 1970 and June 1976 to 170 uraemic patients has been assessed. When the patients were divided into groups according to degree of HLA compatibility it was found that the groups so obtained were comparable neither with regard to the quality of the transplants nor to the immunosuppressive therapy given. This was due to multiple changes in policy in 1973. When the case material was divided into patients treated before and after 1973, comparable groups were obtained within each series. The only correlation found was that, in the chronologically later groups, 2 year survival rate of transplants with E-G match (3--4 incompatibilities) was inferior to that of transplants with C-D match (1-2 incompatibilities).

Cadaver↗
PubMed1977

A controlled trial of antihuman lymphocyte globulin (Behring) in cadaveric renal transplantation: improvement in graft and patient survival at one year using a high-dose regimen.

A controlled study of the effect of antihuman lymphocyte globulin (AHLG) on patient and kidney transplant survival has been performed. The AHLG was administered as an adjuvant to the routine immunosuppressive drugs in either high (30 mg/kg) or low (15 mg/kg) doses, control patients received no AHLG. The clinical condition of the recipients and the quality and the degree of immunological compatibility of the transplants were comparable. During the period of the study, the results of all first-time cadaver-kidney transplantations to non-diabetic uraemic patients were included. The actuarial graft survival rates at 12 months for the three groups (high dose, low dose and control) were 67%, 49% and 35%. The corresponding patient survival rates were 91%, 66% and 65% respectively. The difference between the results in the high dose AHLG and in the control group was significant (p less than 0.05).

Antilymphocyte Serum↗