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Biomedical subjects

G Lundell

Publications and source records attributed to G Lundell.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Polyclonal and monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies in immunolocalization of colorectal cancer.

Antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from sheep and monkey were immunoadsorbent purified. Mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) anti-CEA I-38S1 and Fab fragments of this antibody were prepared from mouse ascitic fluid. The IgG preparations were labelled with 123I or 131I, the Fab fragments with 131I. The antibody reactivity was unchanged after labelling. Patients with advanced colorectal carcinomas received an intravenous injection of 50-200 MBq 123I or 30-160 MBq 131I coupled to 250-500 micrograms antibody or antibody fragment. Patient examinations were performed using emission tomography (SPECT) and/or conventional gamma camera scintigraphy. The specific localization of labelled anti-CEA to tumor was compared to known tumor localized by CAT-scan, other x-ray methods or laparotomy, 50% of known tumors were accurately localized with sheep anti-CEA. In contrast, 70-80% of known tumor sites were correctly localized with polyclonal monkey anti-CEA antibodies, with monoclonal anti-CEA antibodies or with Fab fragments of the latter. A few previously unknown tumors were detected.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in follicular thyroid tumours.

The prognostic value of nuclear DNA content in follicular thyroid tumours was studied in 65 patients. Forty-six (20 with follicular carcinoma and 26 with follicular adenoma) were alive at least 10 years after diagnosis, and 19 had died of follicular thyroid carcinoma 2 months to 13 years after diagnosis. DNA was measured in morphologically identified single tumour cells either on material from fine-needle aspiration biopsy or on histologic sections from the primary tumours. Metastases or locally recurrent tumour were also examined in ten cases. The tumours from the surviving patients had cells with DNA content comparable to that in normal cells, whereas the tumours from the nonsurvivors showed higher DNA values. Primary tumours had essentially the same DNA content as metastases or local recurrence in eight of the ten studied cases. The data suggest that DNA measurement in follicular thyroid tumours offers a valuable addition to standard clinical and microscopic analysis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic impact of nuclear DNA content in medullary thyroid carcinoma; a retrospective pilot study.

The prognostic significance of DNA content in medullary thyroid carcinoma was studied retrospectively in 16 patients. Five patients died within 3 years of medullary thyroid carcinoma and 11 patients survived for at least 10 years. Clinical data and tumour morphology were studied. DNA measurements on tumour cells in histologic sections were performed with slide cytophotometric technique. The tumours of the survivors had in all but two cases a DNA content comparable to that of normal cells, whereas the tumours of the non-survivors and two of the survivors had higher DNA content. The results indicate that DNA measurements in medullary thyroid carcinoma might be of use in addition to clinical and morphologic data and that further studies are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of nuclear DNA content in primary and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Nuclear DNA values were determined in 40 primary papillary thyroid carcinomas, as well as in 52 corresponding local recurrences and metastases were observed either at the time of diagnosis or up to 20 years later. The patient population consisted of 34 survivors and 6 nonsurvivors. In survivors, both the primary tumors and their recurrences and metastases exhibited a majority of cells with DNA values within the normal diploid region, whereas nonsurvivors showed increased and scattered DNA values. In all cases, the primary tumors and the corresponding recurrences and metastases showed similar DNA distribution patterns even if many years had passed between the detection of the primary tumor and the metastases. The results indicate that in papillary thyroid carcinomas, the DNA distribution patterns in the primary tumor and the corresponding recurrences or metastases are generally similar throughout the entire period of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of patients with disseminated colorectal cancer with recombinant human alpha 2-interferon. Studies on the immune system.

The influence of recombinant human alpha 2-interferon (alpha 2-IFN) therapy on various aspects of the immune system was studied in 18 patients with disseminated colorectal cancer. The IFN was given as continuous (20 X 10(6) units/m2 three times weekly) or intermittent (50 X 10(6) units/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks) treatment. Natural killer (NK) cell activity increased during continuous treatment and in the patients receiving repeated cycles of IFN, all cycles seemed to be associated with an elevation of NK activity. Prior to treatment, addition of IFN to the assay in vitro induced an enhancement of NK activity, whereas during treatment, IFN in vitro did not cause any further enhancement of NK activity. The proportions of total T cells, suppressor T cells and helper T cells, as measured by Leu 1, Leu 2a and Leu 3a monoclonal antibodies, were not altered to any major extent during treatment. This was found to be the case also for the number of cells detected by monoclonal antibodies against NK cells (Leu 7). The phagocytic activity of granulocytes was not altered during IFN therapy, whereas the capacity of these cells to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) increased after the first injection of IFN. The in vivo influence of high doses of highly purified recombinant alpha 2-IFN on NK cells and granulocytes seems to be similar to that of partially purified natural IFN-alpha.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

High dose rDNA human alpha 2 interferon therapy in patients with advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma: a phase II study.

Eighteen patients with advanced and inoperable colorectal adenocarcinomas were treated with high doses of alpha 2 Interferon (Schering-Plough Corporation). The patients were randomized to receive either subcutaneous injections of 20 X 10(6) I.U./m2 three times weekly for 3 months, or pulsed treatments of 50 X 10(6) I.U./m2 daily, given intravenously, for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks. No objective tumour regression was seen in any patient. The side effects were considerable.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Renoprival growth following treatment of unilateral Wilms' tumour.

The renal growth pattern following uninephrectomy for Wilms' tumour was analysed in 18 boys and 18 girls by means of a comparison between renal parenchymal and body surface area. No straightforward correlation was noted between age at nephrectomy, chemo- and radiation therapy applied, and subsequent renoprival dimensions. Five years on average after operation, a mean renal size corresponding to approximately 125 per cent of the normal for one of two healthy kidneys was recorded. However, wide variations in size were observed, but only 10 patients had a compensatory growth of the remaining kidney equivalent to that seen in patients nephrectomized for unilateral, non-malignant renal disease.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1984

Biologic considerations and operative strategy in papillary thyroid carcinoma: arguments against the routine performance of total thyroidectomy.

Reasons cited for the routine performance of total thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma include: fear of multicentric neoplastic foci causing local recurrence and death; risk of anaplastic transformation of unresected multifocal microscopic carcinoma; toxicity of high-dose radioactive iodine to ablate normal thyroid remnants; and lack of reliable criteria for grading malignancy and identifying patients at high risk. However, autopsy studies have detected microscopic foci of papillary thyroid cancer as incidental findings in up to 24% of patients dead of other diseases. The prevalence of anaplastic transformation of papillary thyroid carcinoma as determined from reports in the literature is less than 1%. A retrospective investigation of 90 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma derived from the Swedish National Cancer Registry showed no complications from radioiodine ablation of postoperative thyroid remnants in 45 patients. Retrospective analysis of the DNA content of tumors at the time of the initial operation showed a significant difference between a group of 10 patients who died of recurrent and metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma and a group of 16 patients alive at least 10 years after operation despite distant metastases or recurrent cancer in the thyroid bed and/or cervical lymph nodes. The risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism is higher in patients after total thyroidectomy without apparent improvement in survival rates when compared with less extensive resections. Therefore it is proposed that the criteria for total thyroidectomy in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma be limited to: tumors that clinically involve both lobes of the thyroid gland, extracapsular spread of cancer requiring enbloc resection, and reoperations where scarring prevents accurate delineation of the extent of the tumor. By differentiating patients at high risk for death from papillary thyroid carcinoma from patients at low risk, the measurement of DNA content may decrease the need for routine total thyroidectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Growth of renoprivals following uninephrectomy for Wilms' tumour: application and suitability of a method of assessment.

In an attempt to evaluate the long-term renoprival growth in patients uni-nephrectomized for Wilms' tumour, renal length was related to the length of the lumbar segment L1-L3. The results of this study indicated that spinal growth retardation, secondary to applied adjuvant treatment, invalidated employment of the method for this particular purpose. A computerized analysis showed no straight-forward correlation between age at operation, chemotherapy utilized, irradiation and the post-treatment renoprival growth as established by substitution of the observed L1-L3 length with a mathematically corrected value. Emergent figures exclude significant compensatory growth of the remaining kidney.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Incidence of hypothyroidism occurring long after iodine-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism.

We have studied the long-term incidence of hypothyroidism in 4,473 formerly hyperthyroid patients given I-131 therapy between 1951 and 1975. The mean age at the first I-131 treatment was 56 yr. Six percent developed hypothyroidism within one year of therapy, and 72% within 26 yr. Prior antithyroid medication did not affect the incidence of hypothyroidism. Patients cured with one dose of I-131 had a lower cumulative long-term incidence of hypothyroidism than those requiring more than one dose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cure rate after 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism.

The cure rate of hyperthyroidism after 131I therapy was analysed in 4 473 patients, aged between 14 and 91 years, treated between 1951 and 1975. Despite unchanged treatment principles, the cumulative incidence of cure increased for each 5-year period. Within the first 4 months 34 per cent of the patients with diffuse thyroid glands treated during 1951-1955 were cured, as compared with 59 per cent of those treated 1971-1975, i.e. an increment by a factor of 1.7. The corresponding figures for patients with nodular thyroid glands were 23 and 54 per cent, respectively, or a factor of 2.3.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Incidence of hypothyroidism after 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism. Relation to pretherapy serum levels of T3, T4 and thyroid antibodies.

A correlation is reported between serum levels of triiodothyronine (S-T3) and thyroxine (S-T4) before treatment, as well as levels of thyroid antibodies before treatment, and the development of hypothyroidism following 131I therapy in 86 patients with hyperthyroidism. Patients with marked elevation of S-T3 or S-T4 had demonstrable antibodies to thyroid cytoplasmic antigen more often than those with normal or moderately elevated levels, and patients with markedly elevated levels of S-T3 also had a higher incidence of hypothyroidism after treatment. Patients with nodular thyroid glands and with markedly elevated levels of S-T3 required a larger number of 131I doses before no signs of hyperthyroidism persisted in comparison to those with moderately elevated levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Malignant thyroid tumors after iodine-131 therapy: a retrospective cohort study.

We studied the incidence of malignant thyroid tumors after 131I therapy in 2727 patients with hyperthyroidism and in 273 euthyroid patients with cardiac disease. The patients were all adults, with a mean age of 57 years. The 131I therapy was given between 1951 and 1965. The mean follow-up period was 13 years for the hyperthyroid patients (15 years for the 85 per cent surviving for more than five years) and six years for the cardiac patients (12 years for the 41 per cent surviving for more than five years). The incidence of malignant thyroid tumors was based on a search of the Swedish Cancer Registry for the occurrence of such tumors in any of the 3000 patients. At present there is no increased incidence of malignant thyroid tumors after 131I therapy (four cases observed versus 3.2 cases expected).

Female↗
PubMed1980

Hypothyroidism following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism in relation to immunologic parameters.

A series of 191 patients with hyperthyroidism treated with 131I was examined for the presence of antibodies to thyroid cytoplasmic antigen and to thyroglobulin before and after therapy, and followed up for 12 years. Patients with thyroid antibodies before therapy had a significantly higher incidence of hypothyroidism than those without demonstrable antibodies (p less than 0.01). A higher incidence of hypothyroidism occurred in the presence of antibodies to thyroid cytoplasmic antigen than to thyroglobulin. Patients without demonstrable antibodies to thyroid cytoplasmic antigen before the therapy and who afterwards developed such antibodies had a significantly higher incidence of hypothyroidism than those who remained seronegative (p less than 0.01).

Adult↗