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Biomedical subjects

G Lindstedt

Publications and source records attributed to G Lindstedt.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Alcoholics with reduced dopamine D2 receptor function possess normal platelet monoamine oxidase activity.

Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, proposed to be a marker for central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) capacity, was investigated in 14 severely alcohol-dependent subjects with reduced dopamine (DA) D2 receptor function, as assessed by the growth hormone responses to apomorphine. Twelve healthy men were used as controls. Platelet MAO activity in the alcohol-dependent subjects was not different from that in controls. The finding from this preliminary study suggests that severely alcohol-dependent subjects with reduced DA D2 receptor function have normal 5-HT capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Is carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum useful for detecting excessive alcohol consumption in hypertensive patients?

The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic usefulness of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum in a cross-sectional study of 439 treated hypertensive men. We related the results to alcohol intake by questionnaire and to biochemical and hemodynamic measurements known to reflect excessive alcohol consumption. The diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity for high alcohol intake (> or = 24 g/day of ethanol) were 44% and 87%, respectively. The group with reported high alcohol intake (n = 32) was characterized by hemodynamic and biochemical changes typical of alcohol abuse. The corresponding profile for the patients with increased serum CDT concentrations (n = 70) was different in several respects, indicating a considerable number of false-positive tests. We conclude that serum CDT determination had low sensitivity and specificity for excessive alcohol consumption in this group of hypertensive patients. The results illustrate the importance of evaluating new laboratory methods in unselected patient populations before drawing any conclusions about their clinical value.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Hormone conference at Sahlgren's University Hospital: polycythemia and inappropriately high serum erythropoietin concentration in a 62-year-old man.

A 62-year-old man with a history of coronary insufficiency complained at his scheduled visit to the outpatient clinic of symptoms suggestive of gastritis. His blood hemoglobin concentration, however, was markedly increased. Results of a hematological work-up suggested an erythropoietin-producing tumor. Signs of increased intracranial pressure then led to the finding of a cerebellar tumor, which could explain his vertigo and abdominal symptoms. This cystic capillary hemangioblastoma probably was responsible for the erythropoietin production and also seemed to produce basic fibroblast growth factor. The clinical evaluation of polycythemia as well as erythropoietin biochemistry and clinical application are reviewed.

Capillaries↗
PubMed1994

Hemostatic and metabolic variables in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether a previously demonstrated increased morbidity in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with certain hemostatic variables that are known to be markers for CVD. DESIGN: The study was a trans-sectional follow-up study from a cohort of women with PCOS. SETTING: The women with PCOS were recruited from hospital clinics and referents were randomized from a population study of women from the same area. PARTICIPANTS: The investigation involved 28 women aged 43 to 62 years diagnosed to have PCOS on ovarian histopathology at wedge resection 25 to 34 years previously and 56 referents who were matched by age and body mass index. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In connection with a clinical investigation, the hemostatic variables fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen, factor VII procoagulant activity, factor VII antigen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor as well as the metabolic variables serum insulin and serum triglycerides were assayed. RESULTS: There was a strong positive correlation between serum concentrations of triglyceride, basal insulin, and abdominal obesity on the one hand, and plasminogen activator inhibitor, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor on the other, among women with PCOS as well as among referents. There were significantly higher mean concentrations of fibrinogen and factor VII:Ag among referents, but the mean values of most hemostatic variables studied showed no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: Women with an altered metabolic profile were also found to have affected hemostatic factors, but PCOS in itself did not seem to influence them.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Specialist examination in clinical chemistry. Voluntary examination for higher competence].

The Swedish Society for Clinical Chemistry has now completed its second board examination for voluntary specialist diploma in clinical chemistry. The first day comprised a 6 hour written examination (about 20 essay questions). The second day was an oral examination in front of five clinical chemists representing different aspects of the specialty, firstly as questions on the subject as a whole and secondly in the form of a seminar where original research work carried out by the examinee was discussed.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1993

Effect of long-term oral testosterone undecanoate treatment on prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen concentration in eugonadal middle-aged men.

Testosterone undecanoate (160 mg/day) or placebo was given orally in a double-blind fashion for 8 months to 23 middle-aged men without urinary tract symptoms. Testosterone was found to increase the mean prostate volume by 12% (P < .012). The treatment suppressed the serum concentrations of sex-hormone-binding globulin and follicle stimulating hormone. The observed decrease in the mean serum concentration of luteinizing hormone was not statistically significant. The serum concentrations of prostate-specific antigen did not change as measured by two different well-validated immunometric assays. No changes in micturition habits or urine flow charts were reported.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Smoking--a risk factor for hypothyroidism.

Smoking is associated with a spectrum of disorders. Recent reports have shown decreased serum concentrations of thyrotropin in euthyroid smokers, and there is an association between smoking and development of goiter (toxic and euthyroid). In a 12-year follow-up of a randomly selected sample of women we found a strong association between smoking at the time of initial screening and later development of hypothyroidism, the relative risk for a female smoker to develop hypothyroidism being 3.9 (95% confidence interval 1.6-9.1). There was, however, no association between smoking habits at the end of the follow-up and hypothyroidism. This indicates that several women who developed hypothyroidism may have done so in association with a change in smoking habits.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The long-term effects of copper surface area on menstrual blood loss and iron status in women fitted with an IUD.

The long-term effects of copper surface area on menstrual blood loss (MBL) and iron status (hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell count and indices, and serum ferritin) were evaluated in 25 healthy women who were observed for a period of 3 years following insertion of an intrauterine device. MBL was determined objectively by the alkaline hematin method. The women (mean age 37.2 +/- 1.6 yr, range 27-46 yr) were fitted with a Multiload intrauterine device (IUD) with a copper surface area of either 250 mm2 (MLCu-250, n = 13) or 375 mm2 (MLCu-375, n = 12). MBL prior to IUD insertion was 55 +/- 8 ml for women subsequently fitted with a MLCu-250 and 59 +/- 9 ml for women fitted with a MLCu-375. An increase in MBL was recorded at all measurement points following IUD insertion (MLCu-250/MLCu-375: 3 months: 55/49%; 6 months: 58/49%; 12 months: 64/41%; 24 months: 55/49%; 36 months: 47/39%, NS). There were no significant differences in iron status parameters before IUD insertion between groups nor were there any significant changes recorded in any of these parameters after IUD insertion. Our findings that the increase in copper surface area from 250 mm2 to 375 mm2 had no effect on MBL were thus substantiated by the hematological findings. Based on the results of the present study, women from developed countries apparently tolerate an increased MBL of approximately 45% without developing anemia. Iron stores were unchanged indicating an adequate adaptive increase in intestinal iron absorption.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Guanfacine as an alpha-2-agonist inducer of growth hormone secretion--a comparison with clonidine.

Doses of 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine (GUA) and NaCl were administered intravenously (IV) in a randomized order to 18 healthy male subjects. GUA induced growth hormone (GH) secretion in a dose-dependent manner without affecting blood pressure or heart rate or inducing sedation. The effects of GUA 1.5 mg i.v. was compared with those of another alpha-2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine (CLON) 150 micrograms i.v. in six other male volunteers. Both alpha-2-agonists increased GH to similar levels. CLON reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, whereas GUA reduced only systolic levels. Sedation was significantly more pronounced after CLON. The results suggest that the GUA/GH-test (1.5 mg GUA i.v.) may be an alternative to the CLON/GH-test in neuroendocrine assessment of alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

Further neuroendocrine evidence for reduced D2 dopamine receptor function in alcoholism.

D2 dopamine receptor function, as assessed by growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine (APO; 0.18-0.24 mg i.v.), was investigated in 15 male alcoholics with reported long-term abstinence. Results from only nine subjects could be evaluated. These subjects had been heavy alcohol consumers for a mean of 15 +/- 10 years and had thereafter been abstinent for a mean of 7 +/- 6 years prior to the investigation. Eight male healthy subjects, all of whom were light social drinkers, were selected as controls. The maximum GH responses to APO were significantly lower in the alcoholics (5.8 +/- 5.8 mU/l) than in the controls (22.1 +/- 19.2 mU/l). This finding gives neuroendocrine evidence for reduced D2 dopamine receptor function in alcoholics with long-term abstinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment and aging on renal function and albumin excretion in primary hypertension.

The effects on renal function and urinary albumin excretion of 7 years of antihypertensive treatment compared to the effects of normal aging were studied in a random sample of 40 men with newly diagnosed primary hypertension and in 17 normotensive men of the same age, respectively. The hypertensives were treated with metoprolol either as monotherapy (n = 21) or combined with hydrochlorothiazide or hydralazine. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin clearance), renal blood flow (RBF; para-aminohippurate clearance), renal vascular resistance (RVR), and the 24 h urinary albumin excretion were determined. GFR was significantly reduced from 104 +/- 15 mL/min (mean +/- SD) to 86 +/- 20 mL/min (P < .001) in the hypertensive group, but the reduction was not significantly greater than in the normotensive group. As judged from the study of a subgroup of the hypertensives, most of the decrease in GFR occurred early as an immediate drug-induced, functionally explained decrease. The changes in RBF and RVR after 7 years of treatment did not differ significantly from those due to normal aging. RVR remained higher and RBF remained lower in the hypertensives than in the normotensives. The urinary albumin excretion in the hypertensives was significantly reduced after 7 years but remained higher than in the normotensives. In conclusion, the changes in renal function and hemodynamics seen after long-term treatment with metoprolol in primary hypertension were not significantly different from the changes caused by normal aging in normotensives.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Screening for iron deficiency: an analysis based on bone-marrow examinations and serum ferritin determinations in a population sample of women.

Efficacy of different methods in screening for iron deficiency was re-examined in a randomly selected sample of 38-year-old women (n = 203) with known iron status based on absence/presence of stainable iron in bone-marrow smears. The study was made in 1968-69. Serum ferritin (SF) was determined in 1978 in frozen sera using the Ramco IRMA and, in 1992, samples were re-analysed using a RIA calibrated with the International Standard 80/602 for SF determination. The effect of storage on SF was calculated from a previously established relationship (courtesy of Dr Mark Worwood, Cardiff) between the results obtained with the Ramco assay and assays calibrated with IS 80/602. The distributions in iron replete and iron deficient women showed less overlap (diagnostic efficiency 91%) for SF than for other haematological parameters. The best discrimination was obtained at SF < 16 micrograms/l (specificity 98%; sensitivity 75%). Absence of iron stores was associated with signs of an iron deficient erythropoiesis, starting already at SF 25-40 micrograms/l. Use of multiple criteria to diagnose iron deficiency falsely reduces prevalence figures for iron deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Increased body fat mass and decreased extracellular fluid volume in adults with growth hormone deficiency.

OBJECTIVE: Growth hormone deficiency in adults with hypopituitarism has previously received little attention. Recent data, however, suggest that GH deficiency might be essential for the long-term prognosis of these patients. Earlier studies have documented that GH regulates body composition; in this, body composition in adult patients with hypopituitarism including GH deficiency was studied. DESIGN: A follow-up study of patients with hypopituitarism on routine replacement therapy with L-thyroxine, cortisone acetate and sex steroids. PATIENTS: One hundred and six patients (69 males, mean age 52.5 years and 37 females, mean age 53.4 years) diagnosed as having growth hormone deficiency on the basis of low IGF-I concentration or a maximum GH-response less than 5 mU/l after an insulin/glucagon tolerance test. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition was estimated from body weight, total body water and total body potassium and the results were compared with values predicted from height, weight, age and sex, using data from a large number of healthy subjects. RESULTS: The total body water was significantly lower than that predicted from the observed body weight (P < 0.001), as was the extracellular water (P < 0.001) and the extracellular/intracellular water quotient (P < 0.001). On average, the body cell mass was similar to the predicted value, but the observed/predicted body cell mass ratio correlated positively with age at follow-up. The body cell mass was lower than predicted in subjects below the age of 50 years (P < 0.01). The body fat was higher than predicted (P < 0.001); the increases was also noted in lean subjects. The observed body weight in male subjects was 7.5 kg higher (P < 0.001) than that predicted from healthy subjects of the same body height, a difference explained by an average increase of 6.6 kg in the body fat (P < 0.001) and 1.6 kg in the body cell mass, with a simultaneous reduction of 0.7 kg in the extracellular water (NS). Male patients suffering from untreated androgen deficiency had lower body cell mass than those on androgen treatment. Female subjects weighed 3.6 kg (NS) more on average than healthy women, a difference explained by an increase in the body fat of 6.0 kg (P < 0.001) with a simultaneous decrease of 2.4 kg in the extracellular water (P < 0.001). The body cell mass was similar to that seen in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with growth hormone deficiency have an increased body weight compared to normals of the same age, sex and height, due to an increment of the body fat with a simultaneous reduction in the total body water.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of alcohol intake and obesity on serum liver enzyme activity in obese men with mild hypertension.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships between alcohol intake, obesity, plasma insulin concentration and serum activities of three liver enzymes in obese men with mild hypertension. DESIGN: A 6-week run-in period followed by randomization to either diet treatment or antihypertensive drug treatment, lasting for 1 year. Alcohol intake was estimated using questionnaires. Plasma insulin concentration, serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, respectively, were measured at entry and after 1 year. SETTING: Out-patient clinic, city hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-four men aged 40-69 years with a body mass index > or = 26 kg m-1 and with mild untreated hypertension. Exclusion criteria were alcoholism and diabetes mellitus. Sixty-one patients completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Dietary treatment was based upon weight reduction and recommendations about a low alcohol intake. Drug treatment used a stepped-care approach with atenolol as the first-choice drug. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum activities of the liver enzymes, body weight, body mass index, alcohol intake, plasma insulin concentration. RESULTS: Body weight decreased by 7.8 kg in the diet group and increased by 1.0 kg in the drug-treated group. Alcohol intake did not differ between the groups before or after 1 year. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity correlated with alcohol consumption; it showed no significant change after weight loss. At entry, serum activities of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases correlated to plasma insulin concentration independent of body mass index. Weight reduction significantly lowered serum activities of these liver enzymes as well as plasma insulin concentrations and normalized elevated serum activity of alanine aminotransferase in a majority of the cases. CONCLUSION: Alcohol intake was an important determinant for elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. The degree of obesity was a contributing factor for elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase activity. We speculate that insulin may play a role in this relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Overweight--a common problem among women treated for hyperthyroidism.

We sent out a questionnaire to 112 women treated for diffuse toxic goitre 2-5 years earlier to evaluate the prevalence of problems with overweight after the disease. Of 87 responders, about 50% (irrespective of surgical or radioiodine treatment) reported weight problems, and we randomly selected 40 of these women (20 with and 20 without reported weight problems) for a clinical follow-up (32 appearing). At the follow-up examination (mean 4 years after treatment for hyperthyroidism), 27 women had a higher weight than their estimated premorbid weight. The weight gain correlated with the estimated premorbid body mass index (BMI; P < 0.005), indicating that excess weight gainers may have had a premorbid problem now exaggerated in the post-hyperthyroid period. However, many women with a BMI within the limits stated to be ideal (21-25 kg/m2) also showed dramatic increases in weight. In contrast, the average middle-aged woman in our region did not appear to have gained in weight during a corresponding time period as judged from a longitudinal population study. Women with reported weight problems (mean weight increase 15.6%, n = 16) did not differ from women without (mean weight increase 6.7%, n = 16) as regards pretreatment hormone levels, method of treatment, (change of) smoking habits or post-treatment levothyroxine administration, or in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, thyrotrophin, cortisol, procollagen-III-peptide, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol or triglycerides. Women with hyperthyroidism should be informed about the risk of gaining weight after therapy and given early support as to dietary and lifestyle change.

Adult↗