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Biomedical subjects

G Lindstedt

Publications and source records attributed to G Lindstedt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Alpha-2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in early alcohol withdrawal.

Growth hormone (GH), blood pressure, and pulse rate responses to clonidine (100 micrograms IV) were studied three times during the first week of alcohol withdrawal in 19 alcohol-dependent patients. Fifteen healthy men were used as controls. The results suggest reduced sensitivity of the alpha-2-adrenoceptors involved in GH secretion for at least 1 week after the end of alcohol intake. In contrast, very short-lasting subsensitivity was found in the alpha-2-adrenoceptors regulating blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dementia patients with low serum cobalamin concentration: relationship to atrophic gastritis.

Serum concentrations of group I pepsinogens (pepsinogen-I) and gastrin were determined in patients with dementia disorders in order to assess the relationship, if any, between these indices of gastric mucosal function and serum cobalamin (vitamin B12) levels. A significant positive correlation between pepsinogen-I and B12 and, as expected, an inverse relationship between gastrin and pepsinogen-I concentrations was found, indicating that vitamin B12 deficiency was mainly determined by gastric mucosal atrophy (atrophic gastritis) in this West-Swedish sample of patients with dementia disorders. Patients with low B12 but normal gastrin and pepsinogen-I concentrations should, therefore, be further evaluated for possible nutritional deficiency, as well as nongastric causes of poor B12 assimilation from the diet.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The influence of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive on menstrual blood loss and iron status.

The influence of a low-dose combined oral contraceptive (ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + desogestrel 0.15 mg) on menstrual blood loss (MBL) was evaluated in 20 healthy, young women. MBL prior to commencing oral contraception was 60.2 +/- 5.6 ml (range 22-116 ml), and decreased (p < 0.001) to 36.5 +/- 5.2 ml (range 7-80 ml) and 33.7 +/- 4.1 ml (range 5-70 ml) after 3 and 6 months' oral contraceptive medication, respectively. The reduction in MBL during oral contraception was most apparent during the first two days of menstruation. Five women had an MBL > 80 ml prior to commencing oral contraceptive medication. In all of these women, MBL during the 6th menstrual period after commencing oral contraception was < 80 ml. All the women included in this study had a normal blood hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit and erythrocyte indices and there were no significant changes in these variables during the course of the study. Serum ferritin concentration prior to commencing oral contraception was 44.2 +/- 9.0 micrograms/l and was largely unchanged after 6 months' oral contraception (39.7 +/- 6.3 micrograms/l). On admission to the study, two women had a serum ferritin < 10 micrograms/l, indicative of low iron stores. Both these women had an MBL > 80 ml at the baseline assessment. Serum ferritin concentration increased during oral contraceptive medication in both women (from 8.5 micrograms/l to 12.0 micrograms/l and from 5.4 micrograms/l to 6.8 micrograms/l, respectively). The duration of menstruation (p < 0.01) and the number of women suffering from dysmenorrhea (p < 0.05) was reduced during oral contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Neuroendocrine evidence for decreased function of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor after electroconvulsive therapy.

Growth hormone (GH) and hypotensive responses to clonidine (150 micrograms, i.v.) were investigated before and after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 16 depressed patients. Because of high baseline serum GH concentrations, results from only 10 patients could be evaluated. The level of GH secretion induced by clonidine was significantly reduced after ECT, but the hypotensive responses to clonidine remained unchanged. The results indicate downward regulation of the sensitivity of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the hypothalamus after ECT.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

Dexamethasone suppression test in alcohol withdrawal: relationship to depression and liver function.

The relationship between dexamethasone suppression test (DST) response, depressive symptoms and liver function tests was investigated in 15 male alcohol-dependent patients for 2 weeks during alcohol withdrawal. Six of the patients relapsed into drinking within the investigation period. There was no association between DST response and relapse, which suggests that abnormal DST response has no predictive value for relapse into drinking. About 50% of the patients had abnormal DST responses during the first week of alcohol withdrawal. There was no relationship between DST response and depression or depressive symptoms. Depression remitted within 1-2 weeks, whereas DST responses remained abnormal for at least 2 weeks in 2 of the non-relapsing 9 patients. Abnormal DST response in alcohol withdrawal is unlikely to be due to alterations in liver function but may be attributable to the effect of alcohol on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome wedge resected in 1956 to 1965: a long-term follow-up focusing on natural history and circulating hormones.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the hormonal imbalance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) continues into and after menopause and to analyze factors constituting an increased risk for developing metabolic disorders. DESIGN: The study was a transectional retrospective cohort follow-up of patients with PCOS. SETTING: The women with PCOS were recruited from hospital clinics, and referents were randomized from a population study of women. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three women ages 40 to 59 years with ovarian histopathology typical of PCOS at wedge resection 22 to 31 years previously; 132 age-matched referents were analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical data were collected via a questionnaire supplemented with an interview in connection to a clinical examination that also included fasting venous sampling. RESULTS: Infertility, hirsutism, and oligomenorrhea were more common among the subjects with PCOS, but there was a considerable spontaneous restitution of cyclic regularity with time. Women with PCOS were more often hysterectomized and entered menopause later compared with referents. The hormone data show a typical profile for PCOS. Compared with referents women with PCOS showed marked increase in prevalence of central obesity, higher basal serum insulin concentrations, and a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. CONCLUSION: Perimenopausal women with PCOS have an increased morbidity in hypertension and diabetes mellitus that adds to the classic symptoms, such as anovulation, hirsutism, and infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Neuroendocrine evidence for reduced dopamine receptor sensitivity in alcoholism.

Postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptor sensitivity was assessed during abstinence in 15 male patients with alcohol dependence. The DA receptor sensitivity was evaluated using growth hormone (GH) responses to the DA receptor agonist apomorphine (0.18-0.24 mg intravenously). The patients were cared for in an alcoholism treatment unit for the 2 months prior to the investigation. They were carefully controlled for sobriety during this period. Thirteen healthy men were used as controls. The maximum GH responses to apomorphine were significantly reduced in patients compared with those in the control group. The patients had a significantly higher proportion of blunted GH responses. The findings suggest reduced postsynaptic DA, possibly D2, receptor sensitivity in abstinent alcoholics. The question whether this abnormal DA receptor status is genetically determined or acquired after long-term alcohol consumption remains to be addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Defective inhibition of gastrin release by antral distension in duodenal ulcer patients.

The gastrin response to a low and a high dose of gastrin-releasing peptide infusion was studied in healthy volunteers and in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. In duodenal ulcer patients, the gastrin response was exaggerated. Cholinergic blockade did not change the gastrin release in healthy volunteers. Antrum distension during neutralization of the gastric lumen was unable to stimulate gastrin release, also under cholinergic blockade. However, in healthy volunteers distension of the antrum significantly inhibited the gastrin response to gastrin-releasing peptide infusion. This inhibitory influence was most pronounced in patients given the lower dose of the neuropeptide. Cholinergic blockade counteracted the inhibitory effect exerted by antral distension. On the other hand, antral distension did not alter the gastrin response to gastrin-releasing peptide in patients with duodenal ulcer disease. These results suggest an additional defective inhibitory mechanism in duodenal ulcer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Screening of an elderly population in primary care for primary hyperparathyroidism.

In order to assess the diagnostic outcome of a screening for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in an elderly population, we determined ionized calcium in serum from 368 individuals participating in a health control at Mölnlycke Primary Care Centre (200 women, 168 men; age range 75-95 years); four-fifths of the individuals living in their homes, the remainder in homes for aged or nursing homes. Intact parathyroid hormone was determined in the samples with oinized calcium concentration greater than mean + 3SD of the truncated population sample, and these individuals were also recalled for another blood sample. Moderate hypercalcaemia, probably due to PHPT, was found in eight individuals (2% of the complete sample, 3% of the women), five having neuropsychiatric or neuromuscular symptoms consistent with PHPT. Surgical intervention is probably indicated in only a small proportion of elderly patients. We conclude that optimal benefits in relation to costs of screening for PHPT in old people will depend on the availability of a safe and simple pharmacological treatment that could determine any causal relationship between hypercalcaemia and symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

The effects of testosterone treatment on body composition and metabolism in middle-aged obese men.

Twenty-three middle-aged abdominally obese men were treated for eight months with testosterone or with placebo. Testosterone treatment was followed by a decrease of visceral fat mass, measured by computerized tomography, without a change in body mass, subcutaneous fat mass or lean body mass. Insulin resistance, measured by the euglycemic/hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp method, improved and blood glucose, diastolic blood pressure and serum cholesterol decreased with testosterone treatment. A small increase in prostate volume was noted, but serum prostate specific antigen concentrations were unchanged and no adverse functional side-effects were found. Insulin sensitivity improved more in men with relatively low testosterone values at the outset. The mechanisms involved in these changes might act either via effects on visceral fat accumulation, followed by metabolic improvements, and/or via direct effects on muscle insulin sensitivity, as suggested by results of other recent studies. It is concluded that testosterone treatment of middle-aged abdominally obese men gives beneficial effects on well-being and the cardiovascular and diabetes risk profile, results similar to those observed after hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1991

Screening for thyroid disease in the elderly. Serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in a representative population of 81-year-old women and men.

Thyroid function in individuals from a representative population of 81-year olds was evaluated clinically and from assay of serum thyrotropin (TSH) and serum free thyroxine (free T4). Among the 144 men, 2 had markedly abnormal values; L-thyroxine treatment had been prescribed for both, one because of primary hypothyroidism (concentrations at screening were high for TSH and low for free T4) and one because of panhypopituitarism (low free T4 at screening). Among the 250 women, 10 had TSH concentrations greater than 10 mU/L; L-thyroxine therapy had been prescribed for 3 of them. Only 1 non-L-thyroxine treated woman had a high free T4 concentration. She had few clinical signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (mainly weight loss), and multinodular goiter. Total and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentrations were normal but her total and free T4 concentrations were high at ages 70, 75 and 79 years, indicating that "T4-toxicosis" had been present for at least 11 years without evidence of progression of her hyperthyroidism. The results indicate that clinical signs and symptoms of thyroid disease in the elderly may be too subtle for diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Incidence and prevalence of thyroid disease in elderly women: results from the longitudinal population study of elderly people in Gothenburg, Sweden.

The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction were estimated in a longitudinal study of a representative sample of elderly women at ages 70, 75, 79 and 81. Thyroid-stimulating-hormone concentrations were measured in frozen samples obtained at the ages of 70 and 75 that had been stored for ten and five years, respectively. At the ages of 79 and 81 the serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone were determined in connection with the sampling. For comparison, thyroid-stimulating-hormone concentrations were also measured in another representative population sample of women at ages 70 (n = 297) and 76 (n = 342), in whom measurements were carried out in direct connection to the clinical study. History of previous thyroid disease, e.g. thyroid surgery and thyroid hormone treatment, was obtained through a questionnaire. Information about previous treatment with radio-iodine was obtained from records. At the age of 70, 1.9% had had thyroid surgery but none had been treated with radio-iodine. L-Thyroxine had been prescribed for 3.5%, and another 3.9% had high thyroid-stimulating-hormone concentrations (greater than 10.0 mU/l) indicating thyroid hypofunction. Between 70 and 79 years of age, eight of the 514 women had developed high concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and another two women had received treatment with L-thyroxine. Three women had received radio-iodine therapy. In addition, one woman at the age of 81 was discovered to have hyperthyroidism. The retrospective analysis showed that markedly elevated TSH concentrations had been present in several women for at least nine years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Thyroid disease in middle-aged and elderly Swedish women: thyroid-related hormones, thyroid dysfunction and goitre in relation to age and smoking.

The prevalence of thyroid disease and the concentration of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin were studied in a random population sample of 1154 women, aged 50-72 years, with special reference to the effect of age and smoking. The prevalence of spontaneous hypothyroidism was 3.3% (previously unknown overt and mild disease 1.3%) and the prevalence of hyperthyroidism was 2.5% (previously unknown disease 0.2%). Clinically suspected hyper- or hypothyroidism (very weak to strong) was recorded in 288 women, but was only verified in three cases. The prevalence of visible and palpable thyroid enlargement was 2.1% and 13-14%, respectively. Total thyroxine concentrations increased and free tri-iodothyronine levels decreased significantly with age (P less than 0.001). The serum thyrotropin concentrations were lower in smoking women than in non-smokers in the 50- and 58-year age groups (P less than 0.05). There was no increase in the prevalence of thyroid disease or goitre in the women who were smokers at the time of the study.

Age Factors↗