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Biomedical subjects

G Lindberg

Publications and source records attributed to G Lindberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Serum concentrations of total sialic acid and sialoglycoproteins in relation to coronary heart disease risk markers.

This study investigated the relationship between serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality. Correlations were determined between lifestyle-related coronary heart disease risk markers (cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, and leisure time physical activity), biological risk markers (apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure) on the one hand and the concentration of sialic acid as well as sialic acid-rich acute phase proteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and alpha 1-antitrypsin) on the other. A total of 145 men aged 21-46 years and with a C-reactive protein concentration below 5 mg/l were included. Total sialic acid concentration correlated significantly with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.48), number of cigarettes smoked daily (r = 0.32), and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.23) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers. No significant partial correlations were found between serum total sialic acid concentration on the one hand and alcohol consumption, apolipoprotein A1, lipoprotein(a), and diastolic blood pressure on the other. Of the sialic acid-rich glycoproteins, orosomucoid correlated with apolipoprotein B (r = 0.38), haptoglobin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.35) and leisure time physical activity (r = -0.26) and alpha 1-antitrypsin with cigarette consumption (r = 0.18), leisure time physical activity (r = 0.17), alcohol consumption (r = -0.18), and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.21) after adjustment for age and other cardiovascular risk markers.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1993

Safety and immunogenicity of the live oral auxotrophic Shigella flexneri SFL124 in adult Vietnamese volunteers.

The live, auxotrophic dependent Shigella flexneri Y vaccine strain SFL124 with a deleted aroD gene was tested in 30 healthy adult male Vietnamese volunteers. A single dose of 2 x 10(9) live bacteria was given orally to 15 volunteers, whereas 15 received three doses every other day. None of the volunteers reacted with fever or diarrhoea and SFL124 was excreted by all for a mean of 2.8 (single dose) and 2.6 (three doses) days. A total of 27 of 30 (90%) and 26 of 30 (87%) responded with significantly (0.001 < p < 0.01) increased antibody-secreting cell (ASC) numbers against Shigella flexneri Y lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (Ipa). A faecal IgA antibody response to LPS and Ipa was seen in 20 of the 30 (67%) volunteers against both antigens. Serum antibody responses were seen in 23 of 30 (77%) against the LPS and in 17 of the 30 against Ipa. The three-dose schedule elicited only somewhat stronger immune responses than the single-dose schedule. A booster dose of 2 x 10(9) live bacteria was given to half of the volunteers in each group after 6 months, the other half received the same dose after 12 months. Following the booster at 6 or 12 months (i) the excretion of SFL124 was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) than after primary vaccination; (ii) the anti-S. flexneri LPS and anti-Ipa faecal sIgA titres were significantly higher (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01) than after primary vaccination; (iii) the anti-LPS and anti-Ipa ASC responses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) and of shorter duration than after primary vaccination, and (iv) the serum anti-LPS and anti-Ipa responses were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) and similar to those seen after primary vaccination. The results indicate that SFL124 is a safe, live vaccine strain with a negligible reactogenicity in adults living in a Shigella endemic area. SFL124 induces specific immune responses against LPS and Ipa with a mucosal memory lasting for at least 1 year.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral hemorrhage, and serum cholesterol concentration in men and women.

The role of serum cholesterol in predicting the risk of stroke is unclear and may depend on the subtype of the disease. In 1964 to 1965, 54,385 Swedish men and women participated in a health survey with serum cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure determinations. The Swedish mortality register was used to identify causes of death in this cohort during 20.5 years of follow-up (1964 to 1985). A person-year-based Poisson model was used for multivariate analysis. Relative risk increased with decreasing serum cholesterol level for subarachnoid hemorrhage in men and for cerebral hemorrhage in women but not for subarachnoid hemorrhage in women. For cerebral hemorrhage in men, the risk function was U-shaped. Adjustment for diastolic blood pressure did not significantly change the relation between the risk for any of the different stroke types and the cholesterol level. A low cholesterol level predicts death from intracranial bleeding, but the data suggest that there is differing risk pattern for men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Tumours of the central nervous system and serum sialic acid concentration in men and women.

In a population-based study serum sialic acid level was examined in relation to subsequent development of central nervous system (CNS) tumours (229 cases). Significantly increased sialic acid concentration was found in men with a malignant CNS tumour diagnosed within 8 years of analysis, compared with corresponding matched controls. These findings suggest that the tumour existed at the time of examination which is supported by a negative linear association between sialic acid level and the time from screening to tumour diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Important role of hepatitis C virus infection as a cause of chronic liver disease in Somalia.

In a case-control study, 62 Somali patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) including primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the same number of age and sex matched controls were investigated for serological markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was detected in 40.3% and 6.5% of cases and controls, respectively. The corresponding prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were 37.1% and 9.7%, respectively. Of the HBsAg-positive cases, 34.6% had antibodies to hepatitis D virus (anti-HD) compared with 14.3% among the HBsAg-positive controls. Anti-HCV was less prevalent in HBsAg-positive cases than among HBsAg-negative patients (p < 0.001), indicating that these agents were independent causes of CLD/HCC. The odds ratios for patients with CLD/HCC associated with the presence of anti-HCV, anti-HD, HBsAg without anti-HD and anti-HCV, were found to be 9.8, 10.4, and 3.3, respectively. When the patients were divided into tumour and non-tumour cases, using the criteria of serum alpha-fetoprotein > 100 ng/ml and/or solid hepatic lesions detected by ultrasonography, they did not differ with regard to frequencies of HBsAg and/or anti-HCV, although they did differ when these markers were taken together (43/49 versus 5/13, respectively). The mean age of the tumour patients with anti-HCV alone was significantly higher than that of tumour patients with HBsAg as the sole marker, 61.7 versus 31.4 years (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Low serum cholesterol concentration and short term mortality from injuries in men and women.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether total serum cholesterol concentration predicts mortality from injuries including suicide. DESIGN: Cohort study of men and women who had their serum cholesterol concentration measured as part of a general health survey in Värmland, Sweden in 1964 or 1965 and were followed up for an average of 20.5 years. SUBJECTS: Adults participating in health screening in 1964-5 (26,693 men and 27,692 women). The study sample was restricted to subjects aged 45-74 years during any of the 20.5 years of follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum cholesterol concentration. Deaths from all injuries and suicides during three periods of follow up (0-6 years, 7-13 years, and 14-21 years) according to the Swedish mortality register in subjects aged 45-74. Adjustment was made for prevalent cancer (identified from the Swedish cancer register) at the time of a suicide. RESULTS: A strong negative relation between cholesterol concentration and mortality from injuries was found in men during the first seven years of follow up. The relative risk in the lowest 25% of the cholesterol distribution was 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.52 to 4.96) compared with the top 25%. Most of the excess risk was caused by suicide with a corresponding relative risk of 4.2 (p for trend = 0.001). Correction for prevalent cancer did not change the results. Events occurring during the latter two thirds of the 20.5 years of follow up were not predicted. In women no relation between cholesterol concentration and mortality from injuries was found. CONCLUSIONS: Together with observations from intervention trials the findings support the existence of a relation between serum cholesterol concentration and suicide. The causality of such a relation is, however, not resolved.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in ulcerative colitis--a risk factor for the development of dysplasia and DNA aneuploidy?

In a 15-year surveillance program for long-standing, total ulcerative colitis (UC), 72 patients were followed up with colonoscopic biopsies. Seventeen patients developed definite dysplasia, carcinoma, and/or DNA aneuploidy. Alkaline phosphatase and transaminases were examined in all patients. In the group with dysplasia, carcinoma, and/or DNA aneuploidy, 5 patients (28%) were found to have primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) based on histological and/or cholangiographic criteria. In the group without definite dysplasia or DNA aneuploidy, no patient with PSC appeared, although two patients with other forms of chronic liver disorders were found. The difference in distribution of PSC between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0004). Using logistic regression, the presence of PSC and the duration of UC were identified as independent risk factors associated with dysplasia and/or DNA aneuploidy. Thus, UC patients with PSC seem to run an increased risk of developing colonic dysplasia and/or DNA aneuploidy. Although the reason for the increased risk is still unclear, these results warrant increased surveillance among patients with both PSC and longstanding, total UC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Serum sialic acid concentration predicts both coronary heart disease and stroke mortality: multivariate analysis including 54,385 men and women during 20.5 years follow-up.

To investigate the nature of the relationship between serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality, the risks for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke were assessed separately in 26,693 men and 27,692 women followed during 20.5 years. Diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and body mass index were used as covariates in a person-year-based Poisson model. Relative risks for CHD mortality associated with the highest sialic acid quartile was 1.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-1.96) in men and 1.94 (95% CI: 1.61-2.34) in women. Corresponding figures for stroke were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.26-2.09) and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.28-2.21) respectively. No significant patterns related to the age at entry was observed. For both genders, and both endpoints, diastolic blood pressure was associated with higher relative risk than sialic acid, and body mass index and serum total cholesterol were less predictive. Serum sialic acid concentration predicts both death from CHD and stroke in men and women independent of age. The biological foundation of this finding remains unclear.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

A predictive model for the clinical response to low dose ara-C: a study of 102 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes or acute leukaemia.

The response to treatment with low-dose ara-C was studied in 102 consecutive patients; 79 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 23 with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) following MDS. The aim was to find variables that could predict the response to treatment. All patients had clinical symptoms related to cytopenia. Peripheral blood values, bone marrow morphology histology and chromosomes were analysed before the start of treatment. The median survival of the patients was 9 months and a poor survival was predicted by advanced age, low platelet counts, the presence of pseudo-Pelger morphology and > or = 2 chromosomal aberrations. Thirty patients (29%) responded with either a complete remission or a significant increase in haemoglobin level. For the remaining 71%, the treatment was ineffective and in some cases hazardous. The factors associated with a poor response to treatment could be divided into two groups: one included low platelet counts and the presence of chromosomal aberrations, both signs of progressive MDS with a short survival, and the other comprised morphological findings, indicating ineffective haemopoiesis. Patients with platelet counts > 150 x 10(9)/l had a response rate of 55% compared to 23.5% in patients with subnormal platelet counts. Logistic regression identified low bone marrow cellularity, absence of ring sideroblasts and < 2 chromosomal aberrations as predictors of a favourable response in patients with platelet counts < 150 x 10(9)/l. These factors and the platelet count were combined in a predictive model which can divide patients into three groups with different probabilities of response: a favourable group, 38.6% of the patients, with a response rate of > 50%, an intermediate group, 32.7% of the patients, with a response rate of 24%, and an unfavourable group, 28.7% of the patients, with only 3% responses. While low-dose ara-C is an effective treatment for some patients, it is ineffective and hazardous for others. We present a model that can facilitate therapeutic decision making in two-thirds of patients with MDS and MDS-AML by identifying patients who should not be treated with low-dose ara-C as well as patients with a relatively high probability of response.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Economic costs of functional dyspepsia.

Dyspepsia is defined as chronic or recurrent symptoms believed to originate in the upper gastrointestinal tract. When routine investigation results in no identifiable explanation for those symptoms patients are labelled as having functional dyspepsia. In community-based surveys, approximately 30% of the otherwise apparently healthy population report dyspeptic symptoms and the majority are believed to have functional dyspepsia. Although only 1 in 4 or 5 patients make use of healthcare resources, this patient category is one of the largest in ambulatory care (1.6 to 5% of all consultations in general practice). The annual frequency of consultations for functional dyspepsia in Sweden has been estimated at 47 per 1000 population. In consequence of its high prevalence and associated absenteeism, the total costs of functional dyspepsia are considerable. In Sweden in 1981, the costs were estimated at $US55 000 per 1000 population ($US113 630 in 1991 dollars). The most cost-effective management strategy remains to be defined. Evidence is accumulating that the traditional 'wait-and-see' policy with initial empirical therapeutic trials without investigation may not be the most cost conserving strategy.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1991

Serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum sialic acid concentration may be used to predict short and long term cardiovascular mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study on all men and women who had their serum sialic acid concentration measured as part of a general health survey in 1964 or in 1965. All were followed up for an average of 20.5 years. SETTING: Geographical part of the county of Värmland, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Residents in the area participating in a health check up in 1964-5 (27,065 men and 28,037 women), of whom 372 men (169 with incomplete data and 203 lost to follow up) and 345 women (143 and 202 respectively) were excluded; thus 26,693 men and 27,692 women entered the study. The study sample was restricted to subjects aged 40-74 during any of the 20 years' follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum sialic acid concentration, serum cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index at the general health survey visit; cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths during three periods of follow up (0-6 years, 7-13 years, and 14-20 years), according to the Swedish mortality register, in subjects aged 45-74. RESULTS: Mean serum sialic acid concentration (mg/100 ml) was 68.8 (SD 8.0) for men and 69.2 (8.0) for women; the average concentration increasing with age in both sexes. A total of 5639 (21%) men and 3307 (12%) women died during the follow up period, in whom death in 3052 (54%) men and 1368 (41%) women was from cardiovascular causes. During short (0-6 years), medium (7-13 years), and long (14-20 years) term follow up the relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease increased with increasing serum sialic acid concentration. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) associated with the highest quartile of sialic acid concentration compared with the lowest quartile was 2.38 (2.01 to 2.83) in men and 2.62 (1.93 to 3.57) in women. Similar results were found for deaths from non-cardiovascular disease with relative risks of 1.50 (1.34 to 2.68) in men and 1.89 (1.57 to 2.28) in women, but these relative risks were significantly lower than those for deaths from cardiovascular disease (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005 respectively). In multivariate analysis of total mortality and of cardiovascular mortality with sialic acid concentration, serum cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index as independent variables the impact of sialic acid concentration was virtually the same as in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Serum sialic acid concentration is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. A possible explanation of these findings is that the serum sialic acid concentration may reflect the existence or the activity of an atherosclerotic process, and this may warrant further investigation.

Adult↗