Agar diffusion test for serum cholinesterase typing and influence of temperature on dibucaine and fluoride numbers.
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Cholinesterases↗
Biomedical subjects
G Lee
Publications and source records attributed to G Lee.
The effect of portal diversion on the early stages of liver carcinogenesis in the rat.
The effect of portal diversion by ameroid constriction was studied in the carcinogenic process in the rat after initiation of foci by diethylnitrosamine and after the establishment of putative preneoplastic nodules. Portal diversion or portal diversion plus partial hepatectomy did not act to promote or select for the development of nodules. Furthermore, portal diversion did not alter the natural history of established nodules. These results suggest that vascular factors are not important at these early stages of the carcinogenic process in the rat liver.
Animals↗
Correlation of immunological surface antigens with survival in diffuse large cell lymphoma.
The prognostic value of immunophenotyping lymphomas with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to various lymphoid antigens was assessed by studying 47 cases of diffuse large cell lymphoma. Cell suspensions were analysed by flow cytometry after labelling by indirect immunofluorescence. Thirty-eight cases were demonstrated to be of B cell and nine of T cell phenotype. Univariate analysis demonstrated that survival was significantly longer in patients expressing higher levels of HLA-DR (p = 0.01) and normal levels of CD8 (p = 0.04) but was not significantly associated with any of the other antigens. Our results support the possible value of HLA-DR in determining the prognosis of patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma.
Adult↗
Efficacy of acebutolol in chronic stable angina using single-blind and randomized double-blind protocol.
The clinical effects of a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking drug, acebutolol, were studied in 25 patients with chronic stable angina, using a seven-week single-blind placebo leads to acebutolol (mean dose 913 mg/day) phase followed by 12-week randomized double-blind placebo leads to acebutolol (mean dose 968 mg/day) crossover protocol. Objective parameters from exercise treadmill tests showed consistent reduction in resting and maximal exercise heart rate and rate-pressure product during both single- and double-blind phases. Duration of exercise and maximal ST segment depression were not significantly altered. Subjective improvement following acebutolol was observed with reduced frequency of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin consumption during the single-blind phase. However, no differences were seen during the double-blind phase due to significant subjective improvement during the latter placebo period. Adverse effects observed were mild in nature and were similar to those seen with other beta blockers. These data establish acebutolol as a potent beta-blocking agent and emphasize the importance of utilizing objective parameters over subjective variables in demonstrating the clinical antianginal efficacy of a beta blocker.
Acebutolol↗
Bilateral primary renal lymphoma.
BACKGROUND: Primary renal lymphoma is rare with no well-defined diagnostic criteria. AIM: To describe the first reported case of bilateral and primary renal lymphoma and describe diagnostic criteria. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: If a diagnosis of primary renal lymphoma is to be considered, then specific diagnostic criteria (as outlined) must first be satisfied.
Female↗
Mesenteric cysts--a series of six cases with a review of the literature.
BACKGROUND: Symptomatic mesenteric cysts account for only 1 in 100,000 acute adult and 1 in 20,000 acute paediatric admissions. Acute symptoms are related to compression of intra-abdominal organs or stretching of the mesentery by rapid expansion. An abdominal mass, mobile in transverse but not longitudinal plane, is often the only physical finding. METHOD: We outline the presentation, management and histological findings of 6 cases that presented to this hospital from 1987-1997. RESULTS: There were 5 adults aged 32-79 yr and an 8 yr old boy. The child presented acutely with a painful tender abdominal mass. Of the adults, 1 presented acutely, 2 with chronic symptoms and 2 were incidental findings. Mesenteric cysts were successfully resected in all cases. CONCLUSION: Surgical intervention is recommended and resection of adjacent bowel may be necessary for complete excision. Successful minimal access surgery via the laparoscope has been reported and may become more widely applicable.
Adult↗
Abnormalities in the regional circulations accompanying congestive heart failure.
In congestive heart failure, patients appear to have alimited ability to dilate their resistance vessels in skeletal muscle in response to a metabolic stimulus. This is true whether the metabolic stimulus is ischemia, dynamic, or static exercise. The mechanism for this limited arteriolar capacity is at least twofold; an increased sodium content of the vessels as well as an increased tissue pressure which is seen in edematous states. This can be considered a positive compensatory mechanism in that it helps to maintain systemic arterial pressure during exercise when the cardiac output fails to increase normally. If the resistance vessels were to dilate normally, then in the face of a limited cardiac output, exercise syncope would be expected to occur...
Basement Membrane↗
Cardiocirculatory responses to muscular exercise in congestive heart failure.
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Arteries↗
The double queue method: a numerical method for integrate-and-fire neuron networks.
Numerical methods for initial-value problems based on finite-differencing of differential equations (FDM) are not well suited for the simulation of an integrate-and-fire neuron network (IFNN) due to the discontinuities implied by the firing condition of the neurons. The Double Queue Method (DQM) is an event-queue based numerical method designed for the simulation of an IFNN that can deal with such discontinuities properly. In the DQM, the states of individual neurons at the next predicted discontinuous points are determined by an analytic solution, meaning an optimal performance in both accuracy and speed. A comparison study with the FDM demonstrates the superiority of the DQM, and provides some examples where the FDM gives inaccurate results that can possibly lead to a false conclusion about the dynamics of an IFNN.
Action Potentials↗
A method for the collection of air samples for analysis by gas chromatography.
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Air↗
Increasing sperm concentration to adjust for subnormal sperm morphology did not adversely affect implantation after embryo transfer.
Some sperm specimens contribute to infertility not by impairing the fertilization process but by causing embryo implantation defects. One hypothesis is that a toxic factor attached to the sperm is transferred to the zona pellucida by the supernumerary sperm and then subsequently to the embryo membrane. One abnormality, as manifested by subnormal hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) scores, causes these problems even with the small number of sperm that attach to the zona pellucida under normal physiologic conditions. This study evaluated whether the technique used to increase the oocyte insemination concentration of sperm to adjust for subnormal morphology values using strict criteria may allow a higher concentration of this purported toxic factor to attach to the zona pellucida, thus resulting in the dissimilitude of normal fertilization rate but low implantation rate. A comparison of the pregnancy and implantation rate of embryos formed by insemination of this adjusted sperm concentration of < or = 200,000 sperm vs. those inseminated with the normal concentration of 25,000 sperm failed to demonstrate any differences. Thus, the technique of increasing sperm concentration to adjust for low sperm morphology to improve fertilization rates does not seem to adversely affect implantation rates as long as the HOST scores are normal.
Embryo Implantation↗
Cumulative probability of pregnancy following IVF with ICSI and fresh or frozen embryo transfer.
The authors studied the cumulative probability of pregnancy for up to 4 consecutive embryo transfer (ET) cycles with ICSI performed for male factor. Transfers could be either fresh or frozen. The clinical pregnancy rate (PR) for the first 4 cycles were similar [44% (61/366); 31% (44/138); 45% (14/31); 44% (4/9)]. Delivery rates were also similar. There was a lower PR on the second retrieval vs. the first retrieval (47% vs. 29%), but this may be related to most of the second retrievals occurring in the second transfer cycle (67%, 31/55); this may be explained by women who were poor responders and required another retrieval without a frozen ET. The majority of transfers in cycle 1 were fresh, whereas cycles 2-4 used primarily frozen-thawed embryos. These data should be helpful for patients requiring IVF with ICSI in deciding to continue with more IVF cycles or consider other
Cryopreservation↗
Factors affecting the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of cereals, fats and other food products.
Factors affecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in oils and fats, cereals and related foodstuffs have been investigated. Levels of PAHs were low in retail fish and animal-derived oils and fats, such as butter, where the mean benzo(a)pyrene concentration was 0.06 microgram/kg. Higher and more variable amounts were present in retail vegetable oils for which the mean level of benzo(a)pyrene was 1.29 micrograms/kg. Margarine was the major dietary source of PAHs in the oils and fats total diet group accounting for 70% of the benzo(a)pyrene intake from these commodities. The levels of benzo(a)pyrene were less than 0.1 microgram/kg in white flour and similar amounts were found in bread showing that PAHs are not formed to any significant extent during baking of bread. Higher concentrations of up to 2.2 micrograms/kg benzo(a)pyrene were detected in cereal-derived products containing higher levels of edible oils such as pudding-based desserts, biscuits and cakes. The presence of vegetable oils as an ingredient also appeared to increase PAH levels in infant formulae as the mean benzo(a)pyrene content of 0.49 microgram/kg was four times higher than that found in skimmed milk. The mean value in the feed, after reconstituting the formulae with water, would however have been less than 0.1 microgram/litre. Investigations of rape seed drying showed no increase in any PAHs when cold, or electrically-heated air was used. Combustion gas drying had no effect for the larger PAHs such as benzo(a)pyrene but caused mean increases of between 41% and 126% for fluoranthene, pyrene and chrysene. These increases did not correlate with reductions in moisture content of the rape seed implying that the combustion conditions were more important to PAH contamination than the degree of exposure to combustion gases. Concentrations of these three PAHs and also benz(a)anthracene were all significantly reduced by up to a factor of five when crude oils were refined suggesting that carefully controlled direct drying need not contribute PAHs to refined oils and fats.
Brassica↗
Tuberculosis of the ribs: CT appearance.
Tuberculosis is the most common inflammatory lesion of the ribs, second only to metastatic neoplasm as a destructive cause of a rib lesion. We retrospectively analyzed CT findings of 13 lesions in eight patients with pathologically proven rib tuberculosis. The presenting symptoms were painful mass in five, chest pain in two, and nontender mass in one. Five patients had concomitant pulmonary tuberculosis. On CT, all showed a juxtacostal soft tissue mass with central low attenuation and peripheral rim enhancement (a so called "cold abscess"). Only 4 of 13 lesions demonstrated bone destruction: two were osteolytic expansile lesions with cortical disruption and two were mild cortical irregularities. Five lesions were located at the costochondral junction, five were in the rib shaft, two were in the sternochondral junction, and one was in the costovertebral joint. There was no evidence of direct extension into the lung parenchyma.
Adolescent↗
Anomalous left brachiocephalic vein: spiral CT and angiographic findings.
OBJECTIVE: To alert the radiologist to CT findings that suggest the correct diagnosis of anomalous left brachiocephalic vein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors report two cases of anomalous left brachiocephalic vein diagnosed by spiral CT and CT angiography. RESULTS: Spiral CT accurately depicted an anomalous left brachiocephalic vein, which ran between the ascending aorta and the trachea within the mediastinum to reach the right superior vena cava just below the entrance of the azygos vein. CONCLUSION: Spiral CT combined with CT angiography is a very useful and minimally invasive technique in the diagnosis of this anomalous vein.
Angiography↗
Relationship of self-concept during late pregnancy to neonatal perception and parenting profile.
Thirty-one gravidas were studied to examine the relationship between a woman's feelings about herself during late pregnancy, her perception of her newborn, and her profile of parenting. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was completed during the third trimester of pregnancy, the Neonatal Perception Inventory I at one-to-two days postpartum, and the Neonatal Perception Inventory II and the Michigan Screening Profile of Parenting at four-to-six weeks postpartum. When considered separately, no positive significant relationships were found between scores on these variables. However, all subjects with negative scores on both self-concept and neonatal perception had negative scores on at least two subscales of the parenting profile.
Adult↗
Radiologic spectrum of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas.
"Intraductal papillary mucinous tumor" is now the preferred term to describe a spectrum of proliferation of the pancreatic ductal epithelium. The tumor produces an excessive amount of mucin and results in progressive dilation of the main pancreatic duct or cystic dilation of the branch ducts, depending on the location of the tumor. This tumor is small and localized in a segment of the main pancreatic duct or in branch ducts, particularly in the branch ducts of the uncinate process, but it may also be diffuse, involving a wide area of the pancreatic ducts. Excessive mucin may impede the pancreatic duct flow and, in turn, produce symptoms of chronic pancreatitis. The following findings are seen on imaging studies: lobulated multicystic dilatation of the branch ducts, diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct, intraductal papillary tumors, elongated or globlike mucous plugs in the dilated ducts, and bulging of the papilla into the duodenal lumen. The diagnosis is suggested at ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the imaging modality of choice for the diagnosis, because it depicts the communication between the cystically dilated branch ducts and the diffusely dilated main pancreatic duct, as well as intraductal papillary tumor and mucous plugs.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Nicardipine versus nitroprusside infusion as antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive emergencies.
This prospective study compared the efficacy of nicardipine and nitroprusside for treating hypertensive emergencies by measuring haemodynamic indices and serum catecholamine levels. Patients admitted to the emergency department with a hypertensive crisis and acute pulmonary oedema received intravenous infusions of nitroprusside (starting dose 1 microgram/kg per min, n = 20) or nicardipine (starting dose 3 micrograms/kg per min, n = 20). Both groups experienced significant declines in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after treatment, but there were no significant time-dependent differences between the groups. Heart rate decreased in the nicardipine group and increased in the nitroprusside group, but neither change was significant. Respiration rate decreased and capillary oxygen saturation rate increased after treatment in both groups. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels decreased significantly after treatment in both groups; noradrenaline levels were significantly decreased in the nicardipine-treated group compared with the nitroprusside-treated group. Injectable nicardipine is easy to use and as effective as nitroprusside for treating hypertensive crisis with acute pulmonary oedema.
Aged↗