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Biomedical subjects

G Laurans

Publications and source records attributed to G Laurans.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Neisseria mucosa endocarditis complicated by intracerebral aneurysm].

BACKGROUND: Serious complications, such as emboli and mycotic aneurysms, are still frequent in documented cases of infective endocarditis. Infecting organisms other than Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus are becoming more common. CASE REPORT: A 8 year-old girl was admitted because of a sudden pain in the right calf followed by complete disability. She had low-grade fever and presented with a moderate heart murmur with no sign of congestive heart failure, a severe pain at palpation of her calf with no Homans sign; she had many dental caries. Laboratory data indicated leukocytosis with increased percentage of polymorphonuclear cells and increased sedimentation rate. Ultrasonography of the calf showed laceration of the muscle with blood suffusion. Echocardiography showed vegetations involving the mitral valve. Intravenous antibiotic therapy with penicillin G and netilmicin was instituted, but mitral insufficiency appeared 7 days later while the fever persisted. At that time, the brain CT scan showed ischemic lesions, while angiography showed several mycotic aneurysms. Neisseria mucosa was recovered from the 5 initial blood cultures 16 days after the onset, and penicillin G was replaced by ampicillin. A second vegetation involving the aortic valve was seen a few days later, and a recent arterial embolism to the right leg was suspected because fever and pain reappeared. The brain ischemic lesions gradually disappeared and a second angiography performed 3 months after the first showed that all but one large mycotic aneurysm had disappeared; this last aneurysm was excised. Four years later, the child is in good health without any neurological sequelae but having mitral insufficiency. CONCLUSION: This girl presented with classical complication of infective endocarditis due to Neisseria mucosa, a saprophytic organism of the oral cavity. This is the second report of such an infection in children.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

[In vitro activity of cefuroxime against Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis].

Minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefuroxime were determined by an agar dilution procedure and compared with erythromycin and four other beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxycillin, amoxycillin + clavulanate, cefadroxil, cefaclor) on 76 strains of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Sixty four of them produced a beta-lactamase. Results show that the beta-lactamase of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis abrogates the activity of amoxycillin (MIC 90% = 4 mg/l) meanwhile the combination of amoxycillin-clavulanate is inhibitory at low concentration (MIC 90% = 0.25 mg/l). There are no difference in MICs between strains producing or not producing beta-lactamase with erythromycin (MIC 90% = 0.25 mg/l). All the strains evaluated in this investigation, producing or not producing beta-lactamase have MIC 90% less than or equal to 2 mg/l for cefuroxime lower than those obtained for the two other cephalosporins.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of aspiration pneumonia with piperacillin].

Clinical efficacy and safety of piperacillin were evaluated in 30 patients with a severe aspiration pneumonia admitted in our intensive care unit from july 1987 to december 1988. 20 women and 10 men (with a mean SAPS: 14) had a right pneumonia in 17 cases, left in 6, bilateral in 7 cases. A pathogen was isolated in 18 patients by protected distal catheterism, in 3 patients by blood cultures. 25 patients cured. However with a high isolation of Staphylococci it appears reasonable to associate piperacillin with an aminoglycoside before the obtention of bacteriological results.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[In vitro activity of miocamycin compared with four other macrolides and with pristinamycin against Branhamella catarrhalis].

The in vitro antibacterial activity of miocamycin was compared with four other macrolides (erythromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, spiramycin) and pristinamycin against 90 clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Sixty three strains were producing penicillinase. Fourteen carbons macrolides and pristinamycin are more effective than sixteen carbons macrolides. In this group, miocamycin have the best activity. There were no significant differences of susceptibility between penicillinase producing and non producing strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Nosocomial pulmonary infections caused by Branhamella catarrhalis in intensive care units].

Branhamella catarrhalis, a normal inhabitant of the human nasopharynx, is an opportunistic agent that usually infects patients with underlying diseases. B. catarrhalis has become increasingly recognized as an important respiratory pathogen. From november 1985 to february 1988 we have diagnosed four B. catarrhalis nosocomial pulmonary infections in the adult pulmonary intensive care unit (ICU) and eight in the pediatric ICU. The origin of the contamination has remained unproven because of the lack of a typing system for the strains. All isolates produced beta-lactamase.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro activity of 3 fluoroquinolones on Branhamella catarrhalis].

The in vitro antibacterial activities of three fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) against 90 clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis were assessed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). 73.5% of the strains were producing penicillinase. The MICS90 were as follow: ciprofloxacin = 0.2 mg/l. The MIC50 and the MIC90 were similar. There was no correlation of MICs with beta-lactam resistance. Lung parenchyma and bronchial mucus diffusion of these three fluoroquinolones allowed their utilisation in Branhamella catarrhalis bronchopulmonary infections.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Streptobacillus moniliformis endocarditis. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report two cases of endocarditis secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis. A 41 year-old man, bitten by a rat, is hospitalized 5 weeks later for an endocarditis demonstrated by echocardiography, with massive aortic escape and hemodynamic failure requiring emergency valve replacement: after a favorable course, the patient dies suddenly 4 months later. A 63 year-old woman is admitted for a septicemic syndrome with sterno-clavicular arthritis which occurred 10 days after a rat bite; followed by a transient ischemic cerebral vascular accident; echocardiogram shows a clubshaped bulge of the distal end of the large mitral valve; the course is uneventful under antibiotherapy. In both cases, blood cultures isolate a Streptobacillus moniliformis. Infections secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis are rare; this Gram negative bacillus, saprophyte of the rat's rhinopharynx, is transmitted to man, most of the time, by bite, and this causes a septicemia, the evolution of which is usually favorable. Complications, especially endocarditis, are exceptionally rare: only 12 cases are found in the world's literature. The evolution is always fatal in the absence of treatment which must include the association penicillin-aminoside. Prophylaxis of this disease is provided by penicillin antibiotherapy which should be systematic after a rodent's bite.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Use of josamycin in the eradication of meningococcus].

Because of their in vitro and in vivo activity on Neisseria meningitidis, good salivary and tonsillar tissue levels, high safety and non-penetration through the meningeal barrier, macrolides are agents of choice for treating Meningococcus carriers. To assess the value of josamycin for eliminating Meningococci in carriers, we carried out a 14-month study with bacteriological control. 27 carriers identified (throat specimens) among contacts of 28 children with meningococcal meningitis hospitalized in Pediatrics at the Amiens and Toulouse CHU (teaching hospitals) were treated. Josamycin was given in a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day in children and 2 g/day in adults, in two divided doses daily, for six days. Bacteriologic control at the end of treatment showed that every study patient was free of Meningococci. In vitro, strains recovered from carriers were inhibited by josamycin at concentrations of 0.25 to 1 microgram/l. Given its safety and efficacy, josamycin is well suited to prophylaxis of meningococcal infections.

Adult↗