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Biomedical subjects

G Lapertosa

Publications and source records attributed to G Lapertosa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological study of anencephaly in Italy and anatomo-pathological findings in cases observed by us].

Epidemiologic study of anencephaly in Italy and anatomo-pathological analysis of our series. Out of about 1,000,000 new-borns enrolled in the IPIMC Register (Italian Multicenter Study on Congenital Malformations) from 1978 to 1986, 205 were found with isolated anencephaly and 59 with anencephaly associated with other independent malformations, for a total of 284 cases. The study of preferentially associated malformations has pointed out that anencephaly is mainly associated with three kinds of malformations: cleft lip and/or palate, ambiguous genitalia, gastroschisis. Yet these combinations did not result to be the most common with spina bifida, thus proving the heterogeneity of these two neural canal defects. The total rate is 2.7 (/10,000), higher in the South (3.2) than in the North (2.3). The highest rate was reported in Sardinia (6.0). Moreover, a 58.1% trend reduction between 1978-80 and 1984-86 with seasonal peak in January (3.6%) was reported. The following major new-born and mother characteristics have been studied: sex (M/F = 0.76), twin pregnancies (6.4%), vitality (live births: 60, from them 40 died in the same day, 16 between day 1 and 7, 4 after day 7 since birth; still births: 47; born with unknown vitality: 10), mother age (no influence), consanguinity (4.4%), average weight (1,891 gr.), mean gestational age (246 days), intrauterine growth retardation (52.9%). The importance of a proper and careful examination during autopsy is stressed to identify and describe possible associated malformations. Immunohistochemical data (4 cases) on the cerebro-vascular area are reported, mainly to identify any neural buds and related structures (glia, neurofilaments, ganglia, nerves, ependyma, choroid plexus) as well as the connection between osteocartilaginous and epithelial and/or vascular rudiments.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bilateral kidney dysplasia with ascites in premature newborn infant].

The case refers to a premature newborn with anhydramnios and related foot malformations, renal dysplasia (Potter II-IV) and marked ascites. Hypoplasia of one umbilical cord artery was also found. Renal dysplasia according to Potter classification was difficult to be assessed being a borderline case between grade II and IV. The mother underwent methimazole and oestroprogestin treatment in the first period of pregnancy.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anatomo-pathologic findings in 25 autopsy cases of AIDS].

Pathologic findings in 25 autopsies of AIDS. The common and severe changes of the central nervous system, lungs, adrenals, heart, kidneys and gonads are reviewed in a series of autopsies of AIDS. In the brain, HIV infection induces directly inflammatory infiltrates including the typical multinucleated giant cells described by Sharer. In addition, primary lymphomas are seen as well as reactive and inflammatory lesions that are caused by opportunistic infections, such as those of poliomavirus, Cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii. In the lung, interstitial inflammation prevails, which may be related to direct HIV infection and include rare multinucleated giant cells like the ones described by Sharer. Opportunistic infections are often associated, and are commonly sustained by Cytomegalovirus and Pneumocystis carinii. A peculiar findings is the evolution from septal inflammation to fine fibrosis and hyaline degeneration, either focal or diffuse. We believe that the severe respiratory insufficiency that is commonly seen in the advanced stages of AIDS could be related to the interstitial damage. In the adrenal gland, the most common change is Cytomegalovirus infection affecting both the cortex and the medulla, and inducing massive necrosis in the cortex with little or no reaction. Again, adrenal involvement should be related to adrenal functional insufficiency, which may be over-looked clinically because of the preponderant lesions of other sites. In the heart, myocarditis is often discrete, and may be complicated by perivascular fibrosis and rare foci of myocytolysis; in some cases primary lymphomas may also develop. In the kidney, several histological lesions are found, including glomerular damage with segmental necrosis, cortical areas of hyporeactive necrosis, and mild interstitial inflammation. In the gonads, the changes are partly induced by drug abuse, and consist of atrophy with secondary hypoplasia of the germ cells and interstitial fibrosis. In conclusion, the most important abnormalities consist of opportunistic infections, hyporeactive necrosis, fibrotic evolution of the inflammatory infiltrates and neoplasias (Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas). In this work, the changes of the lymphoid organs are only mentioned, for they have been widely reviewed elsewhere.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histogenetic considerations on mucinous cystomas of the ovary based on histochemical and immunohistochemical findings].

Mucinous cystomas of the ovary, according to a new proposed classification (I.A.P., Dublin 1988), are classified in three types: endocervical, intestinal and mixed. Their histogenesis is still controversial, thus requiring further investigations. There are two main theories on this matter: a teratomatous theory based on the assumption that the mucinous cystoma is allegedly a teratoma having a monophyletic development where only the endodermal gastrointestinal component remains. The second theory, currently the most widely accepted one, maintains that mucinous cystomas derive from Muller duct residues or, more generally, from introflections of the coelomic epithelial lining through a Muller-type metaplastic process. Some authors also accept both theories. A group of 117 mucinous cystomas were investigated by histochemical methods (PB/KOH/PAS; PAT/KOH/Bh/PAS), to demonstrate the presence of O-acetylated sialomucin variants in goblet cells of intestinal type component. Endocervical type mucinous cystomas have always presented as PB/KOH/PAS negative, whereas mixed type mucinous cystomas presented as positive according to the following percentage: benign forms, 31%; borderline, 67%; malignant, 50%. These data should confirm the hypothesis that intestinal type cystomas may derive from the surface coelomic epithelium of the ovary, through a gastrointestinal metaplastic process. This hypothesis is further supported by the data obtained from the observation on two cases of intestinal metaplasia of endocervical glands, kindly supplied by Dr. Trowell. In one of them, a weak O-acetylated sialomucin secretion was identified, in addition to the presence of argentaffin cells. Furthermore, out of 38 adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and 15 adenocarcinomas of the endocervix, one case of endocervical adenocarcinoma was found, characterized by a mucous secretion rich in O-acetylated sialomucins. Moreover, immunohistochemically, by means of anti-chromogranin A monoclonal antibodies, endocrine cells were found in benign, borderline and malignant mucinous cystomas of mixed type. These data do not seem to confirm the assumed correlation between neuroendocrine cell presence and biologic behaviour of the neoplasm nor do they clarify tumor histogenesis. Another immunohistochemical study with BD5 monoclonal antibody demonstrated that this marker was present in the intestinal type epithelium of mixed mucinous cystomas. The histogenetic teratomatous hypothesis of ovarian mucinous cystomas was confirmed by reviewing 100 ovarian teratomas, in which O-acetylated sialomucins were found in the epithelial component of one mucinous carcinoid and in the intestinal type epithelium of 9 mature cystic teratomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Cystadenoma↗