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Biomedical subjects

G Lagrue

Publications and source records attributed to G Lagrue.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships between sensation seeking and emotional symptomatology during smoking cessation with nicotine patch therapy.

This study explored relationships between the sensation-seeking trait and the development of emotional symptomatology during smoking cessation with nicotine transdermal patches. Twenty-five subjects were evaluated before they stopped smoking, on Day 8, Day 30, Day 90, and Day 120. Initial motives for smoking and the sensation-seeking personality trait were tested as possible predictors for the development of specific mood disturbances. Our subjects scored very high on sensation seeking, consistent with previous results on smokers. This may also be due to the well-known tendency of high sensation-seekers to be willing to try new experiences. The sensation-seeking trait did not predict the issue of cessation. However, it was related to emotional deficit (anhedonia, affective blunting), tiredness, and a lack of energy, before and during smoking cessation. Two different interpretations of emotional deficit are proposed.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
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[Anxiety and depressive disorders in tobacco dependence].

The association between tobacco dependence and various forms of anxiety and depressive disorders is well established. The presence of these disorders constitutes a key cause of failure in subjects seeking to stop smoking. In addition to the clinically manifest forms of such anomalies, systematic screening for minor forms of these disorders was performed at the Centre for Tobacco Studies of Créteil, France; as well as the standard questionnaire concerning personal and familial history and current psychological well-being, subjects were asked to complete two self-questionnaires, the HAD (Hospital Anxiety Depression score) and the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory, abridged version) together with the MINI (structured mini-interview). In a series of 400 heavy smokers, sub-syndromes of such anxiety and depressive disorders were noted in 34% of subjects, and a combination of anxiety and depressive disorders was seen in 2/3 of these subjects, mainly general anxiety and social phobia, which were frequently preceded by depressive episodes. In these forms of tobacco dependence with anxiety and depressive disorder, relapse was very common in spite of nicotine substitution therapy (NST), usually as a result of a depressive episode that tended to subside very rapidly on resumption of cigarette smoking. Psychotropic therapy involving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) coupled with NST resulted in lasting success accompanied by an often unexpected and spectacular improvement in psychological status. These findings confirm the role of mood disorders in tobacco addiction in keeping with other types of addiction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cutaneous microvascular flow studied by laser-Doppler. A study of 100 healthy volunteers].

Cutaneous capillary flow (tip of the 3rd right finger) was measured with a laser Doppler (Periflux, Perimed), in 100 healthy volunteers without any history of hypertensive or vasospatic diseases, 15 females smoke and were taking contraceptive drugs. Smokers (n = 16 M, 25 F) stopped smoking 3 hours before the study. Basal laser Doppler flux (BLDF), amplitude of vasomotion waves (AV), post-occlusive reactive hyperthermia peakflow (F Max), difference between BLDF and F Max (delta F Max), time to reach 50 percent of the initial value (t1/2 r) and total recovery (tr), t Max (peak of over-shoot) and t/2 over shoot were measured. F Max after heating stimulus (40 degrees) (f Max H), delta F Max H (difference between BLDF and F Max H) and t Max H time (mn) to reach F Max H were measured before a cold stimulus was applied. Results were expressed in arbitrary units (cvolts), BLDF showed inter-individual variation but was reproducible over months in the same subject. The basal flux was statistically different between males (352.7 +/- 21.7) and females (249.6 +/- 22.4). Spontaneous vasomotion waves and different times (in sec.) to reach the peak after three minutes of arterial occlusion could be measured with this technique. These normal range of values can allow comparison and assessment of variations in pathological conditions, mainly Raynaud's phenomenon, high blood pressure, diabetes, smokers, sickle-cell anemia. Acute pharmacological tests can be carried out with drugs showing specific action on microcirculation and spontaneous vasomotion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypotensive effects of timolol in 86 patients (author's transl)].

Antihypertensive action of timolol (MK 950) was studied in 86 outpatients with essential, uncomplicated hypertension. Timolol is an effective hypotensive drug with significant lowering pressor effect. Timolol was given alone in 53 cases and in association with other hypotensive drugs in 33 cases: the mean dose was 20 mg daily for 8 months. At the end of treatment the mean diastolic pressure recumbert, standing, and after exercise had decreased by 10.2, 9.2 and 11 mmHg. Cardiac frequency had decreased by 13, 24 and 29 p. min lying, standing and after exercise. Side effects were rare, with cessation of treatment only in 4 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Athletic activities and prevention of vascular risk factors].

Vascular accidents represent one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in France at the present time, and factors increasing the risk of such lesions are well documented: hypertension, smoking, and metabolic disorders (lipids, glucides, uric acid). Though genetic factors are definitely involved, most of them are acquired and related to our way of life, our type of civilisation, and, more particularly, to overeating and a sedentary life. Regular physical exercise of sufficient degree can considerably reduce the various factors which increase risk and, at the same time, diminish the frequency of these very serious vascular accidents.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of an antiinflammatory drug (diclofenac) in primary chronic glomerulo-nephritis (author's transl)].

Chronic Glomerulo-Nephritis (GN) are among nephrologic diseases, frequent and severe. In most of them immunological process are involved. Non steroïdal antiinflammatory drugs are able to reduce proteinuria, mainly in Membrano-Proliferative GN and IgA Mesengial GN. A protracted administration is necessary for proteinuria reappeared when treatment is interrupted. With long term administration renal prognosis is improved and severe renal insufficiency delayed. Among active antiinflammatory drugs (indometacine, ketoprofen, diclofenac, flurbiprofen, etc.) diclofenac is one of the best tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Study of capillary filtration by double labelling I131-albumin and Tc99m red cells. Application to the pharmacodynamic activity of Daflon 500 mg.

The Tc99m albumin test can be used to confirm idiopathic cyclic oedema (ICO) syndrome by a pathological retention of albumin of more than 8% of the maximum level, following release of the tourniquet (results obtained in 420 patients compared with 100 healthy women). This test was completed by a study involving double labelling using I131-albumin and Tc99m red cells in ten healthy subjects and ten female patients with untreated ICO syndrome. The tests were repeated at a six week interval. Evaluation of retention levels after tourniquet release showed nil retention of red cells in both populations and nil albumin retention in the healthy subjects whilst it was pathological in the patients with ICO. The curve of decreasing radioactivity was often marked by irregular oscillations after tourniquet removal. Study of these oscillations by the Fast Fourier Transform revealed reproducible abnormalities in the low frequency zone only, between 37 and 28 mHz in the ICO patients. These abnormalities took the form of more frequent peaks with higher amplitudes than in the healthy subjects and were linked--in the case of excessive leak of albumin from capillaries--to lymphatic resorption. In the high frequency zone between 630 and 39 mHz, results corresponding to variations related to arteriovenous compliance were similar in both populations and by both tests. A double blind placebo-controlled trial in 30 patients with ICO was carried out to study the pharmacodynamic activity of a flavonoid, Daflon 500 mg (2 tabs daily for 6 weeks), which revealed a decrease in the degree of retention--initially high--of labelled albumin (p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗