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Biomedical subjects

G Lagrue

Publications and source records attributed to G Lagrue.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Early emotional disturbances during nicotine patch therapy in subjects with and without a history of depression.

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to compare development of emotional symptomatology during smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine patches in subjects with and without a history of depression. METHODS: Twenty-five subjects, 14 with a history of depression and 11 without such a history, were evaluated before beginning of cessation, on day 8, day 30, day 90 and day 120. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: On day 120, ten subjects have maintained abstinence: 71.4% of subjects with and 45.5% of subjects without a history of depression relapsed. Both groups presented variable emotional symptomatology and there was no significant differences between subjects with and without a past depression. On the other hand, none of the symptoms which emerged during cessation predicted the issue of cessation. However, some symptoms appearing before beginning of cessation were related to subsequent relapse: lack of pleasure seeking and tiredness. Subsequent relapsers also tended to be more tense on baseline. These early symptoms can not be considered as withdrawal symptoms, they may reflect less confidence in success. It is also suggested that development of anhedonia represents an adaptative strategy to prepare for the withdrawal suffering.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2002

[Depression, tobacco dependence and nicotine].

The purpose of the study was to illustrate, through an observation, the association between depression and smoking dependence, as well as the considered anti-depressive properties of nicotine. Fageström Test for Nicotine Dependence was confirmed by the urinary cotinine dosage, and the expired Carbon Monoxide assessed the nicotine dependence. The anxio-depressive co-morbidity was determined through the cross-examination associated to the HAD test (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale); then, in case of anomaly, by the depression inventory of Beck (13 items) and the structured interview: the Mini International Neuro Psychiatric Interview (MINI). Our patient, born in 1938, with the personal history of manic-depressive psychosis and alcoholic dependence severed in 1987, came to consult in 1995, after several smoking cessation attempts, followed every time by an extended and severe depression. He smoked 40 cigarettes per day, with a very high dependence (score of Fagerström = 10). The HAD and the Beck tests being normals; smoking cessation program has begun with nicotine patches. At the end of three months, he fell in a severe and resistant depression that continued during 2 years. Then, he stopped completely smoking. In 1997, a progressive treatment by nicotine-gum (NG) was proposed. Since the second week, while taking 2 to 3 NG per day, and without having modified his ADT, his psychological state improved, and in 3 months he recovered his previous psychological form. Confronted to literature data, this observation underlines the association between anxio-depressive states and the high level of smoking dependence. In the same way, the improving psychological effects of nicotine replacement, confirms the nicotine anti-depressive properties.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

In vitro effects of nicotine on mitochondrial respiration and superoxide anion generation.

In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine on rat brain mitochondria. The polarographic studies determined the effects on the respiratory chain, whereas enzymatic assays and [3H]-nicotine binding allowed us to precisely identify its target and site of action. The measurements of oxygen consumption showed a significantly concentration-dependent inhibition by nicotine (EC50 was 4.95x10(-11) M), and a maximal decrease of 23.90% at 10(-7) M. Nicotine bound to complex I of the respiratory chain and inhibited the NADH-Ubiquinone reductase activity. We also showed that nicotine and NADH were competitive on complex I. Effects of cotinine, the main nicotine metabolite, and nornicotine, were also investigated: nornicotine inhibited the mitochondrial respiration whereas cotinine did not. Because the complex I generates superoxide anion, we investigated the effects of nicotine, following NBT oxidation, and showed that nicotine was able to inhibit this reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by 15.74% with an EC50 of 2.02x10(-11) M. In conclusion, the present study shows that nicotine interacts with the complex I of brain mitochondrial respiratory chain and decreases ROS generation. This may explain a part of the beneficial and protective effects of nicotine in few neurodegenerative diseases, as suggested by many epidemiological studies.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2001

[Prevalence of cannabis and tobacco use in patients attending a methadone center. Evaluation by urinary biomarkers].

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cannabis and tobacco use in a population attending a Methadone Center. METHODS: We studied 49 patients over a 3-month period. Urine samples were obtained at three different times from each patient for analysis. We measured urinary cannabinoids using an immunopolarization assay to identify cannabinoid use. Cotinine concentrations were quantified in urine using a colorimetric assay to assess total urinary nicotine metabolites. RESULTS: The prevalence of cannabis use was high in this population. Urinary cannabinoids were present in 63% of the samples. Similarly 90% had high-urinary cotinine concentrations. CONCLUSION: Measurement of urinary biomarkers showed that tobacco and cannabis use was high among patients attending a Methadone Center.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Vascular hyperpermeability in nephrotic edema.

BACKGROUND/AIM: There is increasing evidence that hypoalbuminemia and the inability of the renal distal tubule to excrete salt are not the only factors responsible for nephrotic edema. We tested the possibility that vascular hyperpermeability also plays a role in the pathophysiology of nephrotic edema in human primary glomerulonephritis. METHODS: We investigated the capillary permeability by means of a standardized test using albumin labelled with technetium (99mTc-albumin) in 20 healthy adults and in 101 nephrotic adult patients comprising 60 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS; minimal-change nephropathy and segmental glomerulosclerosis), 32 with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and 9 patients with idiopathic type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The patients and healthy controls were also compared with a group of women (n = 25) with idiopathic cyclic edema, a disease in which an increase in capillary permeability plays a pivotal role. The capillary permeability measured by the Landis isotope test is normal in edematous patients with cardiac and renal impairment unrelated to glomerular disease, cirrhosis, hypothyroidism, lymphatic obstruction and diuretic abuse. As values were not normally distributed, nonparametric analysis of variance was used (Kruskal-Wallis test), and patient groups were compared with healthy controls and with women with idiopathic cyclic edema by means of the two-tailed nonparametric Mann-Whitney test. The effects of high-dose steroids and Ginkgo biloba extract (Tanakan); an agent able to improve capillary permeability) were analyzed by means of the two-tailed nonparametric Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The capillary permeability was significantly increased (Mann-Whitney test) in each glomerular disease group compared with the healthy controls. 99mTc-albumin extravasation values (%; median and range in parentheses were the following: healthy controls 0 (0-8.4); idiopathic cyclic edema patients 11.5 (8-24), p < 0.001; INS 20 (0-50), p < 0.0001; IMN 12.5 (0-40), p < 0.001, and MPGN 10 (0-40), p < 0.05. An increase in capillary permeability exceeding the upper limit of control values (>8% of 99mTc-albumin extravasation) was observed in 88% of INS, in 53% of IMN and in 44% of MPGN patients. The increase in capillary permeability (%) was greater in idiopathic nephrotic patients than in idiopathic cyclic edema patients (p < 0. 005, Mann-Whitney test) and was markedly reduced in nephrotic patients receiving high-dose steroids (n = 8) [before 25 (8-40); after 0 (0-25), p < 0.005 (Wilcoxon's test)] and high doses of G. biloba extract (n = 16) [before 30 (8-50); after 2.5 (0-20, p < 0. 0005 (Wilcoxon's test)]. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that capillary permeability is severely altered in most of the nephrotic patients with primary glomerulonephritis. These results strongly suggest that the capillary hyperpermeability plays a role in the pathophysiology of nephrotic edema in primary glomerular disease, especially in INS. We postulate that this widespread abnormality in capillary permeability is related to the release of vascular permeability factor and other cytokines by immune cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Nicotine replacement therapy and smoking cessation: what choice for its status?].

The behavioral and pharmacological mechanisms of nicotine addiction are comparable to those of other addictive substances such as heroine, cocaine.... Nicotine replacement therapy is the most efficient medication to help smoking cessation for dependent smokers. Nicotine products are sold over the counter (OTC) in many countries. This measure may enhance the number of abstinent smokers, but many precautions are necessary: doses and duration must be tailored to the type and intensity of dependence; a protracted follow-up is essential to prevent relapse; all cessation providers, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, dentists, psychologists ... are effective participants in smoking cessation.

Depression↗
PubMed1997

[Commonplace use of "H"].

OBJECTIVES: Describe characteristic use of cannabis and tobacco. CASE REPORT: A young couple were nicotine-dependent smokers who also regularly used cannabis. After treatment for nicotine withdrawal they no longer had a craving for cigarettes but use of hashish increased. DISCUSSION: Although illegal in France, consumption of cannabis has become commonplace. Short-term risk may be low but the liposolubility of hallucinogenic tetrahydrocannabinol retards elimination leading to the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders after chronic, or even episodic use.

Adult↗