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Biomedical subjects

G Laborit

Publications and source records attributed to G Laborit.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Variations of lipid profile in animals caused by adenosine analogs: N6 (amido-3-propyl) adenosine hydrochloride and (carboxamido-3-propylamino)-6-(triproprionyl) 2',3',5'beta (D-ribosyl)-9-purine.

N6-substituted adenosine analogues are powerful inhibitors of lipolysis in the adipose tissues of animals and humans, because of their agonist effect on A1 purine receptors. Using a model of hypertriglyceridemia provoked by intravenous injection of Triton WR 1339, we observed that Agr 529 [N6(amido-3-propyl)adenosine hydrochloride] at 2 mg.kg-1 intravenous in rabbits, and intraperitoneally and orally in rats led to a return of the levels of circulating triglycerides to normal values. In addition, Agr 529 and its prodrug, Agr 540 [(carboxamido-3-propylamino)-6-(triproprionyl)2', 3',5'beta(D-ribosyl)-9-purine] administered to rats at 3 and 30 mg.kg-1, respectively, returned plasma triglyceride concentrations to normal levels. Intravenous administration of Agr 529 to normal rats led to decreased concentrations of plasma fatty acids, phospholipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol as a function of dose. The decrease began at 0.1 mg.kg-1 and was highly significant at 3 mg.kg-1. In the same conditions, the intraperitoneal administration of Agr 529 caused a dose-dependent hypolipemia. There was no apparent effect on cholesterol and on the triglycerides of high density lipoproteins. A kinetic study showed that the antilipemic effect of Agr 529 intravenously injected at 3 mg.kg-1 began 30 minutes after the injection with a maximum effect at 2 hours. The effect persisted up to 8 hours after injection. The present results show that the administration of Agr 529 and Agr 540 to normal animals causes hypolipemia (decrease in fatty acids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol) and restores induced hypertriglyceridemia. These effects may be attributed to an interaction of the molecules with A1 purinergic receptors of adipose tissue.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1980

[Continuous monitoring of temperature in anesthesia and intensive care].

Continuous surveillance of both regional and general temperatures is of great interest in anaesthesia and intensive care. After a brief review of temperature regulation and the value of temperature control, the authors suggest a simple and reliable method of surveillance. This uses Chromel/Alumel thermocouples connected to a central device used to store the information. An experimental clinical study involved the assessment of 3 different anaesthetic protocols: Taractan-Palfium; Droleptan-Phenoperidine, Fentanyl only. These measurements were made in 30 young subjects undergoing a maxillofacial surgical procedure under identical conditions. The parameters studied were central temperature (rectal) and skin temperature of the index finger. With regard to peripheral temperature curves the results showed a first phase consisting of fall followed by a second phase characterised by a sudden increase up to a plateau. This plateau (3rd phase) persisted as long as the subject slept. The 4th phase, when peripheral temperature fell suddenly to a level sometimes lower than the initial temperature represented one of the first signs of awakening. As far as central temperature was concerned it fell in a linear fashion for all curves. Comparing the different curves obtained, the authors conclude by noting that the more vasoplegic the anaesthetic protocol, the higher the induction peak of the second phase of peripheral temperature pattern, but also that the fall in central temperature was marked. The authors feel that an anaesthetic which is biologically satisfactory and at the same time produces an overall fall in the production of heat without causing chills avoids the development of vasoconstrictor reactions between the care and the surface which are reflected by a decrease in the gradient between central and peripheral temperatures.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1979

[The Cerebral Function Monitor. Description, functioning and interpretation principles].

The Monitor of Cerebral Function enables continuous monitoring of the cerebral electrical activity and this over long periods due to the slow recording speeds. The cerebral electrical signals picked up by the electrodes attached to the scalp are registered in the form of a curve which fluctuates to a greater or lesser extent depending on the recording speed. The examination of the height of the curve with respect to zero and its amplitude indicates the voltage of the cerebral activity and yields information regarding polymorphism. It is thus possible to monitor variations in cerebral activity over a prolonged period during anaesthesia as well as during the revival phase with the Monitor of Cerebral Function, the electroencephalogram being reserved as an aid to precise diagnosis and for localization and close scruting of the anomalies.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

[Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM) and electroencephalography (EEG). Experimental study].

This work is an attempt to connect the electro-encephalogram (EEG) and monitor of cerebral function (MCF) recordings during the experimental stimulation of the rabbit brain whether this is in the from of direct central stimulation, by stereotaxic location, or in the form of indirect stimulation via a peripheral nerve. These stimulations, performed under alfadione anaesthesia or under the neuroleptanalgesic sedative effect of chlorprothixine, are compared for every animal with the results of the control stimulations. The cardiovascular responses are recorded simultaneously. It has been found that, in simple narcosis induced by alfadione, there is much variation in the EEG recording and even more so in the MCF recording according to the quantity used and the block of responses to stimuli does not appear until there is deep anaesthesia. However, when chlorprothixine is used, the MCF trace is found to be very closely related to the trace of mild anaesthesia with accompanying block to all of the nociceptive stimulations. It would seem, therefore, if we accept the concept of levels of cerebral activity, that the use of the MCF could well open the way to a better understanding of the pure narcotic phenomena and of the neurovegetative response block to aggression.

Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture↗
PubMed1979

[Use of the Cerebral Function Monitor in the study of physiological sleep].

After a brief description of the different phases of physiological sleep, the reasons for employing a new appatus, the Monitor of Cerebral Function, are discussed. This instrument, the first designed for continual monitoring of cerebral activity may be employed in neurophysiology. The results obtained are presented, i.e. the demonstration of a perfect correlation between the Monitor of Cerebral Function recording and the polygraphic methods. The paradoxal and rapid phases of sleep are easily distinguished. The study of paradoxal sleep, both in physiology and in pharmacology, could profit greatly from the use of the MCF due to the great advantage of its ease of operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A study of eye movement for assessing recovery from anaesthesia.

A test for assessing recovery from general anaesthesia is proposed, using electro-oculographic (e.o.g.) measurements. The eyes, when exploring a flat area, progress by "jerking" movements. After general anaesthesia, incomplete recovery is associated with smooth sinusoidal movements. In a series of 16 patients, different e.o.g. patterns were compared with clinical signs of awakening and related to the anaesthetic drugs used. In a further group of 19 patients, assessment of recovery using e.o.g. techniques was made 2 h following the end of operation. In both groups, this simple test appeared to be very reliable. In addition, the test provides a record which can be filed. This may be of value in day-case anaesthesia, where the safety of the patient and medicolegal considerations would be aided by an objective measurement of recovery.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1976

[Electromyography and AH/8165 in man].

This article concerns the electromyographical study of a synthetic curare derived from Azobis Arylimidazo (1-2a) Pyridinium (AH/8165) with a simultaneous recording of the spontaneous diaphragmatic activity and "testing" of the neuro-muscular transmission at the level of a peripheral muscle. This study shows that AH/8165 is a powerful non-depolirizing curarimimetic drug that quickly induces a neuro-muscular block at the level of the diaphragm and the peripheric muscles that can be reversed by anticholinesterasic drugs. Its reaction time is short (about 1 mn). There are importante individual variations in the duration of the neuromuscular blockage. Towards the end of the experience, tetanizing stimulations reveal a muscular fatigability in all the cases. No ill side-effects could be observed upon the cardiovascular system or any side-effects ascribable to a histaminergic mechanism.

Curare↗
PubMed1976

[Neuroplegia: results of an interdisciplinary approach to its physiopathology].

Neuroplegia was born from a physiopathological study of states of shock and research on inhibition of the autonomic reaction to aggression. Over the last 25 years, the experimental facts have become accumulated in favour of the first theory of H. Laborit, i.e. that this so-called defence reaction defended our lives only through conservation of motor activity in the environment. When this motor activity is inefficacious or useless, the neuroendocrine reaction may lead, during the acute phase, to states of shock and to chronic psychosomatic pathology. On this general theme, inhibition of this reaction by neuroplegic drugs, among which the phenothiazine derivatives have played a very important role, has led in numerous surgical and medical disciplines, to basic research and therapeutic consequences. Thus, in anesthetics, it was at the origin of potentialised anesthesia, then neuroleptanalgesia. In general intensive care, it is used in various ways in the study and treatment of states of shock. In psychiatry, it has initiated neuro-psychopharmacology and the neuro-physiological and biochemical study of the nervous system in its response to the psycho-social environment. It has found its place in anesthesia and in obstetric pathology. But above all, has led pharmacologists to the study of metabolic and biochemical activities. The result of an interdisciplinary approach, neuroplegia has on the contrary, often been the origin of an interdisciplinary development of our physiological and physiopathological knowledge. Today this development seems to better understand its mode of action at various levels of organisation of living systems. One may thus say that neuroplegia, apart from its therapeutic interest, has been a good working instrument and led to better understanding of numerous biological disciplines.

Adrenal Glands↗