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Biomedical subjects

G L Wright

Publications and source records attributed to G L Wright.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Leukocyte migration inhibition assay in patients with bladder cancer.

The leukocyte migration inhibition assay has demonstrated successfully tumor-associated antigenic activity in protein extracts of cell culture lines of a number of neoplasms. Our data have shown a high degree of leukocyte migration inhibition reactivity with protein extracts from the well characterized T-24 transitional carcinoma cell line. Thus, the leukocyte migration inhibition assay may prove a valuable method of in vitro assessment of the cell-mediated immunity of bladder cancer patients and as a method to monitor attempts at further purification of tumor-associated antigens.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1979

Passive immunization against Pseudomonas with a ribosomal vaccine-induced immune serum and immunoglobulin fractions.

Passive protection of mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using specific antisera and immunoglobulin fractions induced by immunizing rabbits with a ribosomal vaccine is reported. The results demonstrated that protection by the ribosomal vaccine against challenge with live organisms can be serum mediated. Previous work has shown that the vaccine can be separated into two components on the basis of molecular weight and that both higher (peak A)- and lower (peak B)-molecular-weight fractions were capable of inducing active immunity in mice. The present report indicates that both fractions are also capable of eliciting the production of mouse-protective antibody in rabbits. Agar gel diffusion with antisera to peaks A and B or unfractionated vaccine indicated a common antigenic component among them in addition to an extra antigen in unfractionated vaccine not present in peak B. Passive hemagglutination with antisera to peaks A and B demonstrated high-titer agglutinating antibody only with antiserum to peak A when a method of erythrocyte sensitization for lipopolysaccharide antigens was used. Also, passive hemagglutination was greatly inhibited by small amounts of lipopolysaccharide prepared from the same organism from which the vaccine was made. Both antisera to peaks A and B fixed complement with either A or B antigens. Antisera to peaks A and B, when reacted with peak B antigen, had about the same complement fixation titer (as determined by a quantitative complement fixation test). However, when peak A antigen was used, antiserum to peak A had about twice the complement fixation titer that antiserum to peak B had. These results are consistent with previous observations which suggest that the ribosomal vaccine contains lipopolysaccharide in addition to an unidentified immunogenic principle associated with ribosomes. Furthermore, this immunogen was present in both peaks A and B, but detectable amounts of lipopolysaccharide were present only in peak A. The relative importance of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM classes of antibodies was also compared. The results indicated that both IgG and IgM isolated from immune rabbit serum are protective in mice. Only IgG precipitated with the vaccine in agar gel diffusion, but both IgG and IgM were active in passive hemagglutination and in complement fixation. The passive hemagglutination titer of the IgM was higher than that of the IgG, but the complement fixation titer of the IgG was higher than that of the IgM. The mouse-protective capability of the IgG and IgM was about the same.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Cell-mediated immunity in patients with renal cell carcinoma as measured by leukocyte migration inhibition test.

The cell-mediated immune (CMI) response to tumor-associated antigens present in 3 M KCL extracts of renal cell carcinoma tissue was measured in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by the leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) test. Of 30 patients with histologically proved RCC, 19 (63%) gave a positive LMI test; whereas, 2 of 28 (7%) of the normal donors, 13 of 43 (30%) patients with other cancers, and 5 of 14 (36%) benign kidney disease patients gave positive tests. Thirteen per cent of RCC patients reacted to a normal kidney extract. Although 33% gave a positive response to a lung carcinoma extract, the incidence of reactivity was less than that observed with the lung cancer patients. These results suggest that a CMI response to a renal carcinoma-associated antigen was measured by the LMI test. Correlation of the LMI data with the stage of disease and clinical status indicated that 71% of patients that had a localized tumor and were clinically free of disease one year postnephrectomy lost their tumor-directed CMI response. Patients with distant metastasis (Stage D) were LMI positive provided they had not received radiation or hormone therapy at the time of testing. These results suggest that the demonstration of CMI, as measured by the leukocyte migration inhibition test, correlates with the presence of active disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Periodic, short-term heat exposure and reproductive function in male and female rats.

Reproductive function of male and female rats was examined in relation to periodic, short-term heat treatment. Daily exposure to an environmental temperature of 38.2 degrees C for 55 min elevated rectal temperatures to 39.9 and 41.2 degrees C in male and female rats, respectively. Heat exposure tended to decrease copulation in males cohabitated with unheated females. The rate of conception was affected similarly, and fetal survival tended to be reduced by paternal heat treatment. Estrous cycles were disrupted initially in heat-exposed females, but the rate of copulation and conception of females cohabitated with unheated males was unaltered by heat treatment. However, maternal heat exposure impaired prenatal survival and growth. During lactation, a high incidence of maternal and pup deaths was observed at approximately 14 days postpartum. Maternal deaths were coincident with a decrease in thermoregulatory ability and rectal temperatures exceeding 42 degrees C.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of antigens in sonic and pressure cell extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Comparisons were made of the yield, chemical content, and biological activity of filtrates and extracts obtained by sonic and pressure cell disruption of bacilli from 4- and 8-week-old Proskauer and Beck cultures of the H37Rv strain (TMC no. 102) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The culture filtrates were dialyzed, freeze-dried, reconstituted in saline, and sterilized by membrane filtration. The viable bacilli were washed and resuspended in distilled water and subsequently disrupted either by sonication in the cold for 15 or 30 min or by treatment at 20,000 or 40,000 lb/in2 in a pressure cell. The resulting extracts were clarified by centrifugation, concentrated, and sterilized by filtration. All preparations were adjusted to contain 10 mg of solids (dry weight)/ml and were analyzed quantitatively for protein, deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, polysaccharide, and lipid content. Separation patterns obtained by gradient acrylamide gel electrophoresis, as well as by one- and two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, provided the basis for qualitative comparisons of the culture filtrates and cell extracts. Three-point dose-response curves also were used to compare the preparations for skin test reactivity in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs. It was concluded that, although there were no consistent differences in chemical content or biological activity between the preparations, a 15-min sonic treatment appeared to be the most suitable method for preparation of bacillary extracts based on yield of active components and ease of preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Critical thermal maximum in mice.

The critical thermal maximum (the colonic temperature of heat-induced convulsion and righting reflex loss) and thermoregulatory response of male mice were examined following I, exposure to colonic temperature (Tco) 42 degrees C; II, a single exposure to the critical thermal maximum (Tco 44 degrees C); AND III, acclimation at ambient temperatures of 15 or 30 degrees C for 14 days. The critical thermal maximum (CTM) was greater in 30 degrees C acclimated mice than 15 degrees C acclimated mice but was unchanged in mice surviving exposure to Tco 42 degrees C or the CTM. The heating time to apparent breakdown of thermoregulation coincident with an explosive rise in the Tco during exposure to ambient temperature 40.8 degrees C was increased (100%) during the 48-h period following exposure to Tco 42 degrees. It appeared that mice exposed to severe, short-term heat stress (Tco 42 degrees) undergo a compensatory increase in their thermoregulatory cooling capacity with little or no change in the upper temperature tolerated. The animals did, however, exhibit the capability for adaptive adjustments of the upper thermal limit during extended exposure to the more prolonged and less severe environmental heat stress of acclimation at 30 degrees C.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1973

Immunity to Salmonella typhimurium infection: characterization of antigens in active protection by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Immunity to challenge with Salmonella typhimurium (strain SR-11) was studied in NIH/NMRI Swiss mice. Viable organisms induced the best protection, but ribosomes were the best immunogen of the subcellular fractions. Antigens with lower concentrations of protein did not induce protection as well as antigens which had higher concentrations of protein. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the SR-11 subcellular components, fractionation, and differential staining of the gel columns indicated that the immunogen is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein or mucopolysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Characterization and comparison of mycobacterial antigens by discontinuous pore gradient gel electrophoresis.

Concentrated culture filtrates and cell extracts were prepared from selected mycobacteria and analyzed by a multistage polyacrylamide electrophoretic procedure. Various staining procedures were used to detect protein, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and lipid constituents. Visual examination of the more prominently stained components indicated differences and similarities in each species of Mycobacteria. The majority of the individual components were of small molecular weight; however, there appeared in all culture filtrates and extracts examined a slowly moving protein component of relatively large molecular size. Evidence based on immunodiffusion suggests that it is a common mycobacterial antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Characterization and comparison of mycobacterial antigens by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

Cell extracts and culture filtrates were prepared from several mycobacterial species and subjected to two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cell preparations were first electrophoresed in a 7% homogeneous gel followed by a second electrophoresis, at right angles to the first separation, in a 2 to 30% linear gel gradient slab. Because the stained slab resembled a "fingerprint" or "peptide map," this procedure has been called "electroprotein mapping." More than 200 protein-staining spots were detected in several of the cell extracts, each map being characteristic of the species examined. The single most characteristic portion of each map was the region between the 16 and 30% gel concentrations. This region consisted of several small-molecular-weight components (many of peptide proportions) which together appeared as the most anodic band in the 7% gel column (first separation). The number and location of these components in the linear gel slab (second separation) were specific for each species tested. By electrophoresis of molecular-weight markers (i.e., albumin, myoglobin, cytochrome c) with and across (transverse electrophoresis) the gel gradient, the relative molecular weights of the unknown cell extract components could be estimated. These results suggest that two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis is a useful tool for the characterization of mycobacterial cell constituents.

Antigens, Bacterial↗