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Biomedical subjects

G L Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to G L Rogers.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The predictability of infant visual-evoked response testing on future visual acuity.

We reviewed the records of 27 infants with abnormal eye examinations and visual-evoked response (VER) testing (mean age, 10.5 months) who subsequently underwent a long-term follow-up ophthalmology examination (mean duration, 41 months). The infants were initially diagnosed with various ocular disorders including cortical blindness (eight), optic nerve hypoplasia (six), congenital cataract (two), and retinopathy of prematurity (one). Standard optotype visual-acuity determinations were available in the follow-up records of 11 children (21 eyes), and fixation behavior was obtained in the remaining 16 children (32 eyes). Results revealed that pattern-reversal VER P1 latency was predictive (87%) of whether visual acuity was equal to (or better than) or worse than 20/100 and whether a patient would have good fixation behavior (fix and follow, FF) or poor fixation (no FF) (86%) (P less than .001). Although flash VER P1 latency was also predictive of later visual acuity or good fixation (73%), it was not statistically significant. Pattern VER P1 amplitude and flash VER P1 amplitude were not predictive of later visual function. The predictive power of pattern VER P1 latency for later visual function probably relates to its reflection of macular function and low variability. An analysis of the variability of each of the four VER factors in normal infants (n = 50) indicated that pattern VER P1 latency was the least variable, and consequently most sensitive, VER factor for detecting and quantifying pathology. Overall, the results of this retrospective study suggest that pattern VER P1 latency may have important predictive power for later visual function in infants with an initially abnormal ophthalmologic examination.

Evoked Potentials, Visual↗
PubMed1989

Management of strabismus with botulinum A toxin.

Three hundred eight patients with strabismus were treated with botulinum A toxin (Oculinum) chemodenervation; 153 were followed by the authors for at least 6 months. In this study group, 97 received botulinum A toxin injections as the primary method of treatment of their ocular deviation. Fifty-six received injections after traditional extraocular muscle surgery. Botulinum A toxin was useful for management of patients with recent surgical overcorrections and for management of some patients with sixth cranial nerve palsy. Chemodenervation of an extraocular muscle was not as successful as traditional strabismus surgery for treatment of infantile esotropia and other comitant deviations. Botulinum A toxin injection was ineffective in patients who had restrictive strabismus. This drug has limited application in the management of patients with strabismus.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1987

The contrast sensitivity function and childhood amblyopia.

We measured contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity in both eyes of strabismic and anisometropic amblyopic patients. There was a linear relationship between contrast sensitivity function and visual acuity in the amblyopic eye. As visual acuity decreased, the contrast sensitivity function decreased along the contrast sensitivity axis, and peak sensitivity shifted to lower spatial frequencies. After patching therapy, when visual acuity reached 20/20 in each eye, suggesting that the amblyopia was cured, there continued to be statistically significant difference in the contrast sensitivity functions between the eyes. The contrast sensitivity function from the previously amblyopic eye was depressed compared to the nonamblyopic eye. A comparison between patients with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia showed that, when matched for visual acuity, the contrast sensitivity functions were similar for both the nonamblyopic and amblyopic eyes. However, a large difference was found between the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes of each group.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1986

Primary-position hypotropia after anterior transposition of the inferior oblique.

Three patients with fourth cranial nerve palsy underwent a recession of the ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle. In all three cases, the inferior oblique muscle was anteriorly displaced to the temporal border of the inferior rectus muscle. In the immediate postoperative period, all three patients developed a hypotropia and diplopia in the primary position with limitation of upgaze. The hypotropia remained stable and required retrodisplacement of the inferior oblique muscle in order to eliminate the diplopia. We emphasize the power of the anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle and caution its use as a unilateral procedure in patients with central fusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of corneal opacification in mucolipidosis IV with conjunctival transplantation.

Mucolipidosis IV is a rare, inherited metabolic storage disease producing progressive psychomotor retardation and congenital corneal clouding. Histopathologic studies have shown that the corneal epithelium is strikingly involved with intracytoplasmic vacuolated storage material with relative noninvolvement of the corneal stroma and endothelium. Additionally, it has been noted that epithelial removal results in corneal clarity. We treated a 28-month-old patient with mucolipidosis IV with conjunctival transplantation with donor conjunctiva from an unaffected sibling. Improved corneal clarity resulted and has persisted with a follow-up of one year.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pattern electroretinogram: use of noncorneal skin electrodes.

Pattern electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded in three adults by a noncorneal electrode technique: silver-silver chloride skin electrodes attached to the inferior orbit of the left eye while the subject monocularly viewed a high contrast checker-board that reversed in contrast at a rate of 10 Hz. Recordings revealed pattern ERGs with an average amplitude of 1.5 microV. In addition, pattern ERGs were recorded as a function of spatial frequency and contrast of a square-wave grating. The results showed that an increase in spatial frequency or contrast yielded an increase in the amplitude of the pattern ERG. The results demonstrate that the pattern ERG can be recorded with a noncorneal electrode technique and that the noncorneal electrode technique is sensitive to changes in retinal function. Finally, it is demonstrated that the pattern ERG can transfer between the eyes such that the pattern ERG from a viewing eye can be recorded from an electrode placed below an occluded eye.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of the upshoot and downshoot in Duanes' retraction syndrome.

The upshoot and downshoot that occurs when the eye is rotated into the adducted position in Duanes' retraction syndrome is believed to be related to a taut or leash effect from the lateral rectus muscle. When the eye is adducted, the lateral rectus muscle is believed to "slip" over the globe, producing this abnormal movement. Five patients with Duanes' retraction syndrome demonstrated this finding and underwent a splitting of the lateral rectus into a Y configuration. All five patients demonstrated a marked decrease in the up- or downshoot after surgery.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Surgical treatment of the upshoot and downshoot in Duanes retraction syndrome.

The upshoot and downshoot that occurs when the eye is rotated into the adducted position in Duanes retraction syndrome is believed to be related to a taut or leash effect from the lateral rectus muscle. When the eye is adducted, the lateral rectus muscle is believed to "slip" over the globe producing this abnormal movement. Five patients with Duanes retraction syndrome demonstrated this finding and underwent a splitting of the lateral rectus into a Y configuration. All five patients demonstrated a marked improvement in their up or downshoot after surgery.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Pilomatricoma in a pediatric hospital.

Of 150 cases of pilomatricoma in Columbus (Ohio) Children's Hospital, nearly 45% were discovered before the age of 5 years and 80% were present by 10 years of age. Lesions involved the periorbital region in 17% of the cases; the upper lid and brow were involved most frequently. These lesions were frequently misdiagnosed: only two of the periorbital cases were correctly diagnosed prior to excisional biopsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Strabismus surgery and its effect upon infant development in congenital esotropia.

Parents of children with congenital esotropia have reported improvements in their child's fine motor development and visual functions after surgery. Eighteen patients with congenital esotropia were tested pre- and post-operatively with The Bayley Scales of Infant Development to determine if these observations were valid. A three-point increase in the Bayley raw score of strabismus patients was noted after operation that is significant at the 0.01 level, as compared to the performance of age-matched controls. An improvement in fine motor skills was observed in 35% of the children, and visually directed reaching and grasping increased in 41%. Item #87 on the Bayley, which requires the child to recognize depressions without monocular clues, appears to be related specifically to depth perception. On this item, the study population showed the greatest improvement.

Child Development↗
PubMed1982

Superior oblique transposition for third nerve palsy.

Four eyes of three adult patients underwent anterior transposition and advancement of the superior oblique tendon without trochleotomy in the surgical management of oculomotor nerve palsy. In each of the cases, this procedure proved unsatisfactory, either because of inadequate horizontal alignment, postoperative hyperdeviations, or paradoxical ocular movements. Even in these difficult cases, "supermaximum" horizontal rectus muscle surgery appeared to result in satisfactory ocular alignment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Visual acuities in infants with congenital cataracts operated on prior to 6 months of age.

Seven infants with complete bilateral cataracts were operated on and fitted with extended-wear silicone contact lenses. The infants were matched to 16 normal control subjects. A modified preferential looking technique was used to assess visual acuity; the Bayley Scale of infant Development was administered to measure psychological development. Of the seven infants with cataracts, those operated on prior to 8 weeks of age seemed to have normally developing vision. All others showed a substantial visual lag when compared with the control group. Bayley scores for infants operated on early (before 8 weeks) fell within the range of normal variability. The infants operated on later demonstrated a statistically significant lag in development. Also, a pendular nystagmus was noted in those infants with cataracts who were operated on later.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

The management of the Kleeblattschadel syndrome.

This paper describes the classic presentation of the Kleeblattschadel syndrome and the involvement of the ophthalmologist in preventing the loss of sight from exposure. It also described newer neurosurgical approaches for these patients and improvement in the outcome of this syndrome.

Craniosynostoses↗
PubMed1980

Extended wear silicone contact lenses in children with cataracts.

Thirty-twop patients, ranging in age from three weeks to 22 years, were fitted with an extended wear 100% silicone lens. The longest period of time a lens remained in the eye without being removed was 120 days. Most lenses were worn an average of six weeks before cleaning was required. No cases of infection or corneal edema were observed that required discontinuing use of the lens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Lymphocyte toxicity in retinoblastoma.

Cytotoxicity can be used in the determination of patients with retinoblastoma. With further refinement, this type of test may become useful in aiding the physician in the detection of retinoblastoma.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗