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Biomedical subjects

G L Marchino

Publications and source records attributed to G L Marchino.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Salpingoscopic and laparoscopic investigations in relation to fertility outcome.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between salpingoscopic and laparoscopic findings and their relation to reproductive outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: Ninety-one infertile women. INTERVENTION: Salpingoscopy and laparoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Salpingoscopic findings were expressed according to a widely used classification. Tubal morphology at laparoscopy was defined as regular (normal morphology), convoluted (any kind of distortion or adhesion), or hydrosalpinx. Laparoscopic and salpingoscopic findings did not correlate. Seventeen pregnancies occurred within 1 year from the procedures. According to life table analysis, the cumulative pregnancy rate was significantly higher in women with endotubal morphology showing minimal or no tubal damage, than in women with higher grades of endotubal damage. Conversely, tubal morphology at laparoscopy was not able to predict pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy alone might not be sufficient to predict tubal integrity. Performing salpingoscopy with laparoscopy could significantly increase accuracy in predicting short-term fertility outcome. Given its low complication rate and brief duration, salpingoscopy should have a primary role in management of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: a diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

Pregnancy is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection and pregnant women suffering from this pathology are exposed to dangerous risks which may condition maternal wellbeing and fetal prognosis. The apparently paradoxal finding of a higher incidence of perinatal problems in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria compared to those with manifest infections may be explained by the fact that the latter are adequately treated, whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is difficult to diagnose, may continue in a subtle form for the entire duration of pregnancy. This emphasises the importance of the early diagnosis of infection using a protocol based on urine tests and urine culture and the adequate treatment of all cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria in order to reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal complications (acute pyelonephritis, increased fetal morbidity and mortality). The choice of the antibiotic to be used must be made on the basis of the urine culture test, the stage of gestation, maternal clinical data and the characteristics of the antibiotic itself (pharmacokinetics, maternal and fetal toxicity). With regard to the treatment protocol, the "single-dose" protocol is currently preferred. After negative urine culture tests, all patients must carry out a complete urine test each month with hormonal and echographic monitoring of the fetoplacental unit.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1994

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: maternal and fetal complications.

From an analysis of the data reported in the literature it is clear that pregnancy is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection and that pregnant women with this pathology are exposed to dangerous risks which may influence maternal wellbeing and fetal prognosis. Authors do not concur on the specific risks to the mother and fetus, one reason being that the statistics reported to date reveal discrepancies relating to the presence of disorders prior to pregnancy and the environmental, working and socio-hygienic conditions of the populations studied. The apparently paradoxical finding of a higher incidence of perinatal problems in pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria compared to manifest forms can be attributed to the fact that the latter are treated with adequate therapies whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria, which is difficult to diagnose, may persist throughout pregnancy. This underlines the importance of early diagnosis using a protocol which entails the execution of serial urine tests and urine cultures and adequate treatment of all cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria in order to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections and materno-fetal complications. Non-treated asymptomatic bacteriuria in fact represents a considerable risk factor since it may lead to the onset of acute pyelonephritis in approximately 5% of pregnant women and may increase the risk of fetal mortality.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1994

[Intramuscular beta-interferon in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection].

In an attempt to find less aggressive and more efficacious tools for the treatment of cervical neoplasia (CIN) associated with genital HPV infection, the authors have examined a therapeutic approach based on the strengthening of natural defences. For this purpose, a group of 10 patients diagnosed with CIN associated with HPV infection received beta-IFN therapy at a dose of 300,000 UI/die i.m. for 7 days, continuing the same dose on alternate days for 2 weeks. At the end of the follow-up results were satisfactory especially if compared with those from a control group of 9 patients. These results appear to indicate beta-IFN as the treatment of choice in HPV infections in young women wishing to have children in order to preserve the anatomic and functional integrity of the lower genetical tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotaxime in gynecological endoscopy].

It is now well known that even short operations of limited scope lower the body's defences by influencing the immune system. As a result this leads to a change in microbial flora which encourages an increase in the number of Gram-negative, aerobic, anaerobic and enterococcal colonies. In order to prevent infective postoperative complications which might occur after endoscopic surgery, the authors suggest using a series of valuable recommendations which are reported in this paper. Among these the most important is antibiotic prophylaxis which is able to limit the episodes of infection, thus making a positive contribution to the postoperative iter. Cefotaxime was chosen by the authors since this molecule offers both reliable and efficacious prophylaxis as has also been shown by other studies in the obstetrics and gynecological field. The results obtained by this study fully concord with data reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Antineoblastic activity of antioxidant vitamins: the role of folic acid in the prevention of cervical dysplasia.

The authors made a study on 90 patients affected by various degrees of uterine cervix dysplasia searching for folic acid plasmatic concentrations. The team members affected by CIN have been compared with a test team consisting of women with normal pap-test and vaginoscopy. The study proved that the average levels of folic acids have significantly decreased in cases of dysplasia compared with the test team. These results allow stating that low folic acid plasmatic concentrations may be associated with cervix neoplasms development.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Danazol in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia.

The paper reports the results of a study performed in 62 menorrhagic women with endometrial hyperplasia treated with Danazol. The efficacy and tolerability of the above drug was found to be satisfactory.

Danazol↗
PubMed1993

[Cholestasis in pregnancy].

The authors report the main morphological and functional alterations of the liver during the course of pregnancy. The size of the organ does not change and there is a slight (20%) reduction of hepatic flow. Hepatic function is partially modified in view of the following factors: reduced protein synthesis (in particular the albumin component), increased serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides mediated by steroid hormones, inhibition of canalicular secretion and consequent diminution of the liver's excretory function, variations in serum levels of many markers of cholestasis so much so that they become unreliable due to pregnancy. The high level of sexual steroids also influences cholecystic kinetics: progesterone, in particular, negatively affects the contractile response to cholecystokinin-pancreozymin stimulus. The paper then reports some historical data including those which led to the definition of "gravidic cholestasis" as a clinical condition. The incidence of the disease varies considerably in relation to the geographical area and genetic factors. In Sweden and Finland the percentage ranges between 1 and 3%, whereas much higher values (12-22%) are reported in Chile and among the American Indians. The latest data for Italy reveal an incidence of 0.34%. The onset of disease is conditioned by familial predisposition due to an enhanced sensitivity to estrogens or excessive production of estrogenic metabolites. Among the hepatocytic changes induced by estrogens are the reduced fluidity of sinusoidal plasmatic membranes and the inhibition of vasolateral Na+K+ ATPase pump activity. The last months of gestation are characterized by a "cholestatic state" which may vary in severity from slight symptoms, to itching and idiopathic jaundice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1993

Perinatal mortality and morbidity in premature birth.

In a study carried out in 100 cases of premature birth in Section "A" of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the University of Turin, the authors report a perinatal mortality rate of 5.4%. Perinatal morbidity was found to be very high (68.2%). These findings--which are perfectly in line with those reported in the literature--explain why premature birth is one of the most important topics of research in modern obstetrics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Post-menopausal osteoporosis. A true and real social disease].

The use of estrogens in menopausal women leads to a marked improvement in the quality of life, with the short-term disappearance of vasomotory phenomena and changes in psychomotive equilibrium. This therapy offers two long-term advantages: the prevention of osteoporosis and the cardiovascular diseases.

Aged↗