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Biomedical subjects

G L Grove

Publications and source records attributed to G L Grove.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

DNA-cytophotometry of lymph node touch imprints in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Scanning DNA-cytophotometry was performed on touch imprints of 26 lymph nodes (LN) obtained from 25 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), stained by the Feulgen technique, and interpreted without knowledge of histopathologic diagnosis. Four patterns of DNA distribution were identified, but only histograms that demonstrated cells containing nuclei with more than 4C DNA content (hypertetraploidy) reliably distinguished LN involved with CTCL from LN with reactive changes; for example, dermatopathic lymphadenitis. An abnormal DNA histogram with evidence of hypertetraploidy was demonstrated in 9 of 12 LN showing histopathologic evidence of involvement compared with no abnormal histograms in 14 LN without histopathologic involvement. One LN that was diffusely involved with CTCL had a DNA distribution characteristic of a relatively high level of cell proliferation, but without definite hypertetraploidy. Cytogenetic studies on the blood of this patient, who had Sézary syndrome, demonstrated a clone of lymphocytes with a pseudodiploid karyotype without a related polyploid subline. The remaining two histopathologically involved LN had normal DNA histograms; these LN were only focally involved with CTCL. These observations indicate that DNA-cytophotometry correlates well with the histopathologic findings in LN diffusely involved with CTCL, but may be normal in LN with focal involvement or in those that contain cytogenetically abnormal cells with a near-diploid DNA content.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Age-associated changes in stratum corneum lipids and their relation to dryness.

Stratum corneum lipids (SCL) were collected on the right and left legs of 50 subjects of varying ages and skin dryness. The level of dryness and composition of the lipid was the same on both sides. While skin dryness continuously increased with age, the composition of SCL showed a constant profile from the 50s. Aging was mostly associated with a decrease in sterol esters and triglycerides. On the legs, the SCL do not seem to primarily govern the increased desquamative process which features xerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Quantification of visible light-induced melanogenesis in human skin.

Exposure of normal skin to visible light (400-700 nm) resulted in the induction of immediate pigment darkening (IPD), immediate erythema and a persistent (delayed) tanning reaction. The intensity of pigmentation and time course of the reaction were monitored by measuring chromaticity coordinates. Both IPD and immediate erythema faded over a 24-h period but, unlike erythema, the pigmentation did not totally disappear and the residual tanning response remained unchanged for the rest of the 10-day observation period. The threshold dose for IPD with visible light was between 40 and 80 J/cm2, while the threshold dose for "persistent" pigmentation was greater than or equal to 80 J/cm2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Physiologic, microbiologic, and seasonal effects of handwashing on the skin of health care personnel.

The handwashing practices of 22 personnel on an oncology unit in an urban medical center were studied for 2 months. During 891 person-hours of observation, 986 handwashes were observed. Subjects washed a mean of 1.1 times an hour for a mean of 13.2 seconds. Reported and observed handwashing behavior was only moderately correlated (p = 0.05 for frequency, 0.30 for duration of handwashing). Physicians washed significantly less often (p less than 0.001), but more thoroughly (p less than 0.001), than did nurses. Nurses washed more often after minimal or no patient contact than did physicians (p less than 0.001). Individuals were very consistent in their handwashing technique. A total of 558 isolates were recovered from 158 hand cultures. The mean log count was 4.88, with no significant difference between physicians and nurses. Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from hands of physicians and nurses were significantly more resistant to antimicrobial agents than those of personnel with minimal patient contact (p less than 0.01). Subjects had more skin damage in winter than in summer, as indicated by increased shedding of skin squames (p less than 0.05). We conclude that handwashing practices vary significantly by profession and that reporting of handwashing practices by personnel is inaccurate.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1986

Topical tretinoin for photoaged skin.

Daily topical application of 0.05% tretinoin in a cream base was compared with its vehicle with regard to moderation of photoaging changes of the face and forearms. In comparison with the control tissue, tretinoin-treated tissue examined by light and electron microscopy showed the following effects: replacement of the atrophic epidermis by hyperplasia, elimination of dysplasia and atypia, eradication of microscopic actinic keratoses, uniform dispersion of melanin granules, new collagen formation in the papillary dermis, new vessel formation (angiogenesis), and exfoliation of retained horn in the follicles. Physiologic studies demonstrated: increased blood flow and dermal clearance, increased transepidermal water loss, and greater permeability and reactivity. It was concluded that topical tretinoin is capable of at least partly reversing the structural damages of excessive sunlight exposure and may be useful in decelerating the photoaging process.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Physiologic and microbiologic changes in skin related to frequent handwashing.

Handwashing practices may be adversely influenced by the detrimental effects of handwashing on skin. A protocol was developed to assess the physiologic and microbiologic effects of frequent handwashing. Fifty-two female volunteers washed their hands 24 times per day for 5 days. Five agents were tested: water alone, non-medicated bar soap, a chlorhexidine-containing antiseptic, and two agents containing povidone-iodine (one currently available on the market and one being tested for possible marketing). Some damage to the outer membrane of skin, the stratum corneum, occurred in all groups. There were significant changes in the amount of evaporation water loss (p = .001) and in self assessments of skin condition (p = .005) from pre-to-post test for the entire group. Skin damage was also assessed by visualizing desquamating stratum corneum cells, which are shed in large aggregates when detergents injure skin. Significantly less such shedding occurred in subjects using water alone, bar soap, and the chlorhexidine formulation (p = .02). Greater antimicrobial activity of an agent was not correlated with increased skin trauma. We have quantitated, using objective physiologic parameter, the skin damage that occurs during even a short period of frequent handwashing. We recommend that further studies using the methods described be conducted to quantitate skin damage over longer periods of time, more closely resembling handwashing practices of health care personnel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Physiologic changes in older skin.

Clearly, like all other organ systems, the skin undergoes physiologic decline with advancing age. In the elderly, the stratum corneum may not be as capable of acting as a barrier. Once noxious substances penetrate, they are less likely to be cleared rapidly and often will not provoke any integumental reactions or pain sensations that would serve as warning signals to the aged. Thus older individuals are not only more vulnerable to environmental insults but also fail to recognize that they are being adversely affected. As a result, these substances may accumulate following repeated exposure to the point that the threshold for clinical display is exceeded, whereas the threshold would never be reached in younger individuals. Thus it is not surprising that many of the common problems of the elderly are likely to represent subtle, chronic irritant dermatitis. Then, too, because cellular turnover and repair are much slower, the time to recover from such damaging insults is prolonged. In conclusion, I would like to stress that one of the most important observations to come out of our studies is that there exist cutaneous clues to an individual's physiologic age. It is generally appreciated that some elderly individuals seem to be much more youthful and others much older than their stated ages, suggesting that there may be a wide gap between chronologic and physiologic age. Indeed, one of the central concerns of gerontology is to develop methods by which physiologic aging can be monitored. We are certainly not the first to realize that the skin and its appendages may furnish useful markers of physiologic age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Techniques for assessing the vulnerability and repair capacity of human skin in vivo.

Techniques have been developed for studying age-associated changes in human skin, including its vulnerability to external insults and its capacity for healing. Possible application of these methods for studying the effects of repeated mechanical trauma to the skin of workers is discussed. The methods include procedures for inflicting standardized superficial wounds and nonintrusive techniques for measuring damage, rate of skin repair via measurement of transepidermal water loss, and characterization of altered surface features using image analyses. These approaches have the great advantage of allowing quantification.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Age-associated changes in human epidermal cell renewal.

Epidermal cell renewal was assessed nonintrusively in normal human volunteers by monitoring the disappearance of a fluorescent marker dye, dansyl chloride, from the skin surface. In young adults, stratum corneum transit time was approximately 20 days, whereas in older adults this was lengthened by more than 10 days. Because the number of horny cell layers does not change with age, these data indicate that the increased stratum corneum transit time was a reflection of diminished epidermal cell proliferation. Additional analysis indicated that the decline in epidermal cell renewal may not occur at a constant rate throughout the adult lifespan but, instead, remains relatively constant in the younger years and then begins to drop dramatically after age 50. This suggests that a linear-spline model rather than a simple linear model may be more appropriate for analyzing these results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Age-related differences in healing of superficial skin wounds in humans.

The healing response of human volunteers was measured by monitoring the reestablishment of skin surface markings in unroofed blisters induced by brief exposure to a 1:1 aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide. At all stages of repair, older individuals (ages 65-75 years) as a group lagged behind young adults (ages 18-25 years). Although individuals differed appreciably, especially in the older cohort, there was a good correlation between the rate of repair at two protected sites, the inner upper arm and the volar forearm. This suggests that healing response may a reliable measure of the physiologic status of the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The atrophogenic effect of crude coal tar on human epidermis.

The effects of crude coal tar on human epidermis were studied in fourteen healthy young adult males. A 20% reduction in viable epidermal thickness, as determined by computer assisted analytical microscopy, was observed after 40 days of topical treatment. Prior to this long term effect of crude coal tar, an initial transient hyperplasia was observed during the first 2 weeks of treatment. These findings indicate that crude coal tar by itself can act as a cytostatic agent on normal human skin, when applied intensively.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sunscreens prevent sunburn cell formation in human skin.

Sunscreens with different sun protection factors were examined for their ability to prevent sunburn cell formation in human skin exposed to ultraviolet radiation from a xenon solar simulator. There was either complete or partial protection against the cytotoxic effects of ultraviolet radiation. Protection was related to the sun protection factor of the sunscreen and to the dose of radiation administered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Proliferative response to fluid injection in psoriatic and normal human epidermis.

Feulgen-DNA cytophotometry revealed that human epidermal cell proliferation is regulated at a pre-DNA synthetic phase and can be perturbed by mild trauma. Although uninvolved psoriatic skin appears clinically normal, its hypersensitivity indicates abnormal proliferative behaviour and may serve as a marker of latent disease.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1979

Exfoliative cytological procedures as a nonintrusive method for dermatogerontological studies.

Exfoliative cytological procedures, based on the sticky slide and detergent scrub techniques, were used in the nonintrusive collection of horny cells from the skin surface of volunteers 20 to 30 yr of age and 65+ yr of age. These samples were analyzed with a variety of instruments, including a Magiscan image analyzer, a Vickers M-85 microspectrophotometer, and a Coulter electronic cell counter. The results indicate that age-associated changes in horny cells may be useful in monitoring objectively aging of skin and in assessing the impact of various environmental insults on aging.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Scintillation fluid shortens exposure times in autoradiography.

Premixed, commercially available scintillation fluids were used to reduce exposure time of tritium (3H) and iodine-125 (125I)-labeled whole cells, and of 3H-labeled Giemsa-banded chromosome preparations. Emulsion-coated slides were dipped into scintillator for no longer than 2 min and exposed in the dark at 4 degrees C. Maximal values for percentage of human diploid cell (WI-38) nuclei labeled with 3H-thymidine of moderate specific activity were obtained in 12 hr. Without scintillator the exposure time was 4 days. Exposure time for cells labeled with 125I-serum was reduced from over 90 days to 14 days. The shortened exposure time for banded chromosomes permitted successful prestaining with Giemsa, a sequence that is not possible without scintillator.

Autoradiography↗