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Biomedical subjects

G L Gilbert

Publications and source records attributed to G L Gilbert.

136 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Anaerobic and other fastidious microorganisms in asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women.

Urine from 44 pregnant women with known or suspected renal disease (group 1) and from 50 healthy pregnant women (group 2) with negative routine cultures of midstream urine was obtained by suprapubic aspiration. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures showed bacteriuria in 70% of the women in group 1 and in 26% of those in group 2. Gardnerella vaginalis was the most frequently isolated organism. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated from 14(48%) of 29 women in group 1 and from two (12.5%) of 16 women in group 2. Radiologic studies showed a high incidence of underlying renal disease in asymptomatic women with bacteriuria. Localization testing indicated kidney infection in six of 14 women in group 1 and in one of four women in group 2. These findings suggest that there is an increased susceptibility to colonization of the bladder with these microorganisms during pregnancy and that persistence of infection and renal involvement are associated with underlying renal disease.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

The antibody response to Brucella: immunoglobulin response measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and conventional tests.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adapted to measure total and individual classes of brucella antibody. The results were compared with those of conventional tests for brucella antibody on the sera of a number of healthy seropositive abattoir workers and several patients with either acute or suspected chronic brucellosis. IgG was the class of brucella specific immunoglobulin most commonly detected in all groups. IgM was present in the sera of 40% of seropositive abattoir workers, all but one of the patients with recent acute brucellosis or seroconversion and none of those with suspected chronic brucellosis. Many of the abattoir workers' sera which contained brucella specific IgM gave negative results in the direct agglutination test. The presence of brucella specific IgM in the sera of these men was, in most cases, associated with no past history of acute brucellosis and a relatively short period of employment in the abattoir. It is suggested that the presence of brucella specific IgM in the serum of a person occupationally exposed to B. abortus, probably indicates a relatively recent primary infection, either symptomatic or subclinical and has no prognostic significance. Repeated or prolonged exposure is associated with IgG brucella antibodies, often in high titre, irrespective of symptoms. It was not possible, on the basis of any serological tests performed in this study to distinguish healthy people exposed to brucella from those with symptoms consistent with chronic brucellosis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1980

An epidemiological survey of human brucellosis in three Victorian abattoirs.

During the period 1977-1978, a serological and epidemiological investigation was conducted by the Victorian Departments of Health and Agriculture to determine the risk to abattoir workers of exposure to Brucella abortus from infected cattle. Nearly 1000 specimens of serum from workers at three abattoirs were tested for brucella antibodies at the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit. Serum agglutination and antihuman globulin tests were performed by a microtitre technique. Approximately 25% of these specimens gave positive results, with a wide variation in frequency in different abattoirs. Data relating to personal, employment and medical history were obtained by means of questionnaires. An attempt was made to identify risk factors by analysis of this information and the serological results. Within each abattoir, the presence of detectable antibodies was no more likely in people with symptoms than in asymptomatic people working in the same abattoir. However, the proportion of workers with symptoms was much higher in two abattoirs with a relatively high percentage of seropositive workers, than in a third, in which the percentage was comparatively low. There was evidence that the risk of exposure to B. abortus correlated with the percentage of cows in the total yearly "kill" for each abattoir.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1971

Rat-bite fever.

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Actinobacillus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriuria due to ureaplasmas and other fastidious organisms during pregnancy: prevalence and significance.

When urine, which has been collected by suprapubic bladder aspiration, is appropriately cultured, asymptomatic bacteriuria due to fastidious organisms can be detected quite commonly in apparently healthy pregnant women; Ureaplasma urealyticum and Gardnerella vaginalis can each be isolated from the bladder urine of 10 to 15% of subjects, other bacteria less frequently. Both organisms are often present together, sometimes in addition to "conventional" urinary pathogens. Overall bacteriuria occurs in about 25% of healthy pregnant women, including 6% with "conventional" asymptomatic bacteriuria. Pyuria occurs in about one-third of patients with fastidious bacteriuria. Bacteriuria due to fastidious bacteria occurs significantly more commonly in selected groups of pregnant women. U. urealyticum or G. vaginalis or both can be isolated, generally in relatively high numbers from more than 70% of pregnant women with renal disease and 20 to 30% of those with preeclampsia. In a prospective study in which urine was collected using an open ended catheter, ureaplasmas were isolated 3 times more frequently from women less than 25 years of age than from older women. Women with Ureaplasma bacteriuria at the first antenatal visit were 3 times more likely to develop preeclampsia than those without, but the mean birth weights of the infants born to the two groups of women were not significantly different. Further studies are required to determine the importance of these preliminary findings.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Helicobacter pylori infection in children.

Helicobacter pylori was sought prospectively by culture of antral biopsy, histology and serology (IgG and IgA) in 440 consecutive endoscopies on children to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation and histological features of H. pylori infection in our population. Twenty-eight patients had H. pylori (8% overall). The mean age of infected patients was significantly higher than that of non-infected patients (P less than 0.0001). No patient under 5 years of age had H. pylori isolated. Overall, there was no significant difference in clinical presentation between those with and those without H. pylori infection, but 23% of patients 5 and 26 years of age who presented with abdominal pain as the indication for their endoscopy had H. pylori isolated. Macroscopic changes ranged from no abnormality to frank ulceration, but the typical antral mamilliform changes were 100% predictive of infection. Fifty-eight per cent of patients with duodenal ulcers, but only 17% with gastric ulcers had H. pylori infection. Histological gastritis was present in 144 patients (including all H. pylori positive patients). None of the patients with another definable cause for gastritis had H. pylori isolated. In conclusion, H. pylori is an important cause of primary gastritis in our population, occurring in children over 5 years of age. Culture of an antral biopsy should be performed in children over this age undergoing endoscopy for the investigation of abdominal pain and, more particularly, in those with peptic ulceration.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in elderly nursing home residents: two related cases.

We investigated two fatal cases of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection in a community nursing home in western Sydney, Australia. Two elderly women had lived in the same room, and the onset of their illness was 5 days apart. Hib isolates from blood cultures showed identical profiles by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. These findings suggest that Hib infection was transmitted within this nursing home. Serious Hib disease may be underrecognized in this setting. Continued surveillance and serotyping of invasive H. influenzae disease is essential for identifying groups at increasing risk that may benefit from immunization against Hib.

Aged↗