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Biomedical subjects

G L Caldow

Publications and source records attributed to G L Caldow.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Necrotising enteritis in suckled calves.

Necrotising enteritis is a newly recognised disease affecting two to three-month-old suckled calves in Scotland. A cohort of 10 calves from an affected herd was closely monitored from birth until the risk period was over, and one case occurred. In addition, all the cases of dysentery in suckled calves reported to SAV Veterinary Services, St Boswells, from April to August of 1992 were investigated and a further five outbreaks of necrotising enteritis were identified. The clinical pathology, gross and histological findings and results of microbiological investigations are described. No aetiological agent was identified and although the condition bore a superficial resemblance to mucosal disease the histological changes were distinct from those of mucosal disease and no bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigen was detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An estimate of the prevalence of enzootic abortion of ewes in Scotland.

The prevalence of enzootic abortion of ewes in Scotland was estimated over a period of five years. Between 1987 and 1991, 30.7 per cent of all flocks with breeding ewes in Scotland submitted ovine abortion material, and of these flocks 28 per cent showed evidence of the infection, giving a prevalence of 8.6 per cent. Regional differences were observed in both the submission rate and the prevalence.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1993

Associations between viral infections and respiratory disease in artificially reared calves.

Market-purchased, week-old, dairy bred calves entering a commercial calf-rearing unit were blood sampled at six-week intervals until three months old. Viral infections were monitored by ELISA for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenzavirus-3, bovine adenovirus subgroup 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The immunoperoxidase test was used to detect BVDV in serum. The total immunoglobulin concentration in the initial blood sample was measured by the zinc sulphate turbidity test. The relationship between clinical respiratory disease, viral seroconversion and the initial concentration of serum immunoglobulin was investigated by the use of the relative risk statistic, Fisher's exact test, chi 2 techniques and the correlation coefficient. Treatment rates for respiratory disease of 45 per cent were observed during the first period of the study and 19 per cent during the second period. During the first period there was a significant positive association between clinical respiratory disease and seroconversion for all the viruses except parainfluenzavirus-3 and BVDV but in the second period there was no such relationship. Similarly, in the first period, but not in the second, there was a significant negative association between clinical respiratory disease and both antiviral immunoglobulin as measured by ELISA and total immunoglobulin as measured by the zinc sulphate turbidity test. Two of the 536 calves that survived to three months of age were found to be persistently infected with BVDV.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Urea poisoning in suckler cows.

Accidental urea intoxication resulted in the death of 17 of 29 suckler cows within six hours after the contamination of their drinking water with urea fertiliser. The other cows showed no lasting ill effects and neither their three-month-old calves nor the stock bull were affected. The urea concentration in the water was 86 mmol/litre, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid of two of the cows which were examined after death were 1825 and 957 mg/litre. The clinical signs and post mortem findings are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of two early season anthelmintic programmes on a commercial beef farm.

Two early season suppressive anthelmintic programmes, ivermectin given three, eight and 13 weeks after turn out and a morantel sustained release bolus administered at turn out, were compared on a commercial farm. The morantel treated cattle grew significantly faster than the ivermectin treated group during the period of treatment, on average at 0.80 kg/day compared with 0.71 kg/day (P less than 0.01). In the second half of the grazing season (13 to 25 weeks after turn out) the ivermectin treated group grew faster than the morantel treated group although the difference was not statistically significant. Over the entire grazing season there was no significant difference in average growth rate between the morantel treated group which grew at 0.80 kg/day and the ivermectin treated group which grew at 0.77 kg/day. These results were related to pasture larval counts, faecal egg counts and plasma pepsinogen levels throughout the grazing period. It was concluded that the morantel sustained release bolus allowed growing cattle to reach their production potential during the period of treatment. However, its efficacy in maintaining production throughout the grazing season was reduced by the 90 day treatment period which failed to give the level of control of gastrointestinal nematode parasites achieved by the 105 day period of treatment in the ivermectin programme.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Associations between viral infection and respiratory disease in young beef bulls.

Blood samples were taken from bull calves at two Meat and Livestock Commission performance testing centres, just after weaning at six months of age and at six weekly intervals until the end of the performance test seven months later. Sera were assayed by specific ELISAS for antibodies to bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV1), respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza 3 (Pi3) and adenoviruses A and B. Seroconversions between each sampling were related to the occurrence of clinical respiratory disease using chi-squared (chi 2) and relative risk (RR) analyses. In 294 bulls there were 123 cases of respiratory disease. Seroconversion to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (RR = 4.7, chi 2 = 96.3, P less than 0.001) and adenovirus A (RR = 1.8, chi 2 = 8.9, P less than 0.001) and adenovirus B (RR = 1.9, chi 2 = 5.6, P less than 0.05) were significantly associated with clinical respiratory disease. There was evidence that prior exposure to respiratory syncytial virus (RR = 0.4, chi 2 = 9.8, P less than 0.01) Pi3 (RR = 0.4, chi 2 = 12.8, P less than 0.01) and adenovirus A (RR = 0.7, chi 2 = 7.5, P less than 0.01) conferred some protection against respiratory disease after arrival at the centre. It is concluded that vaccination before weaning, at least against bovine respiratory syncytial virus, would be beneficial.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of calf antibody status to disease and performance.

Three tests were used to measure the circulating immunoglobulin in 381 purchased calves as they entered a commercial calf-rearing unit. A correlation of 0.64 was found between the zinc sulphate turbidity (ZST) test and a quantitative latex agglutination test (LAT) measuring IgG1 (P less than 0.001). A qualitative version of the LAT related poorly to the quantitative version. The proportion of plasma samples identified by the quantitative LAT as having an IgG1 concentration of less than 5 g/litre which were incorrectly identified as positives (greater than or equal to 5 g/litre) by the qualitative LAT was 0.65. The proportion of plasma samples identified by the quantitative LAT as having a IgG1 concentration of greater than or equal to 5 g/litre which were incorrectly identified as negative (less than 5 g/litre) was 0.11. There was no statistically significant relationship between plasma IgG1 concentration and initial liveweight, subsequent overall daily liveweight gain or disease incidence (P greater than 0.05). Calves treated for infectious disease, particularly respiratory disease after weaning, had statistically significantly lower liveweight gains than healthy calves (P less than 0.001).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Carcase damage.

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Animals↗