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Biomedical subjects

G L Baum

Publications and source records attributed to G L Baum.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Salbutamol versus atropine. Site of bronchodilatation in asthmatic patients.

The site of bronchodilatation produced by inhaled salbutamol (0.045 mg/kg) versus atropine (0.035 mg/kg) was investigated in 14 asthmatic young patients. No significant difference was found between the effects of the drugs on any of the large- or small-airway tests in those patients in whom bronchodilatation originated mainly in the large airways or when all patients were considered together. In those patients, however, in whom the small airways made the major contribution to the total airways resistance, atropine produced a higher increase in specific conductance, in maximal flow at all lung volumes and in density dependence of flow, but only the specific conductance showed a significant difference between the effects of the two drugs (p less than 0.01). It was concluded that in these patients atropine produced more bronchodilatation than salbutamol in both central and peripheral airways. These findings do not confirm previous studies which suggested that in asthmatic patients, as in normal subjects, atropine produces mainly central bronchodilatation, while salbutamol produces mainly peripheral bronchodilatation. The difference in doses, route of administration, time response and in the pretreatment severity and site of bronchodilatation could account for the disagreement between previous studies and the present one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary clearance. What is the relationship?

Ciliary beat frequency (CBF), measured in vitro, and tracheal mean clearance rate (TMCR), measured in vivo, were studied in 20 nonatopic nonsmokers. CBF, measured by direct examination of nasal cells obtained by a fiberbronchoscopic brush, was 12.1 +/- 1.7 Hz (mean +/- SD). TMCR, assayed by a radioisotope technique, revealed values of 4.3 +/- 1.1 mm/min (mean +/- SD). Both of these values agree with results published by other workers. We attempted to correlate intersubject variation in TMCR with variation in CBF but found no direct relationship, findings similar to those reported in studies done on frog palate epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Extreme bradycardia during sleep apnea caused by myxedema.

A 52-year-old man with myxedema was evaluated for anterior chest pain that was considered to be compatible with myocardial ischemia. The night after admission he developed extreme bradycardia, hypotension, and apneic episodes lasting up to 25 s. Continuous positive airway pressure and administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate prevented further episodes and relieved much of the somnolence and lethargy that had contributed to the evidence for myxedema. Alveolar hypoventilation caused by decreased sensitivity to carbon dioxide, inadequate central neural drive, peripheral muscle force, and obesity all may have contributed to the apnea. Chest pain has not recurred, and results of electrocardiography have remained normal following full thyroid hormone replacement. The early recognition of myxedema causing sleep apnea will allow specific treatment to avoid the cardiovascular risks related to prolonged apnea and will help avoid confusion with other etiologies of cardiovascular abnormalities.

Bradycardia↗
PubMed1987

Scintigraphic monitoring of mucociliary tracheo-bronchial clearance of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin aerosol.

A simple method for in vivo monitoring mucociliary tracheo-bronchial clearance is described. Eighteen healthy subjects and 13 patients with various chronic lung diseases were studied by this method. The principle of using an aerosol administration system similar to the system used for routine ventilation lung studies is stressed. Proximal large airway deposition of the radioaerosol was obtained by using relatively large particles (average diameter 2 microM) of [99mTc]MAA aerosol. Monitoring was performed by visual inspection of the tracheo-bronchial cinescintigraphic ascendence of the accumulated radioactive boli and by assessing their rate of clearance via automated computer analysis of the time-activity curves, following the movement of each bolus. The normal mean +/- s.d. clearance rate thus obtained was 4.7 +/- 1.3 mm/min. This rate appears to be more precise as compared with the range of results obtained by other radioisotopic methods. Significantly faster rates, mean 8.2 +/- 1.4 mm/min (p less than 0.001) were obtained in bronchiectatic patients while slower rates (2.8 mm/min) were seen in a patient with ciliary dyskinesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Public awareness of the problem of asbestos use in Israel.

Concern for occupational health problems in Israel became manifest in the 1930s with the establishment by Histadrut of a Division of Industrial Medicine. Public awareness of the health problems associated with the use of asbestos gradually increased in the 1970s. The history of the development of current programs is presented.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1986

Sarcoidosis of the penis: report of a case.

We report a case of sarcoidosis identified histologically as the cause of chronic painful erythematous induration of the penis with several subcutaneous nodules and cutaneous ulceration. The lesions improved in response to topically applied corticosteroids but they reappeared later and persisted despite treatment. We suggest that sarcoidosis, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any chronic lesion involving the penis in adults.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Does prolonged use of diphenylhydantoin predispose to pulmonary sarcoidosis?

We describe 3 patients with epilepsy who developed sarcoidosis, stage I, while being treated with diphenylhydantoin for prolonged periods. We are unaware of such an association in the literature. However, in the light of the current knowledge about the adverse immunologic reactions that may be caused by diphenylhydantoin and the altered immunological state described in sarcoidosis, we recommend physicians to look for and report on similar cases in order to assess possible cause and effect relationships between the two.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Left-ventricular exercise echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis without ischemic heart disease.

We performed postexercise two-dimensional echocardiography in 21 patients with sarcoidosis but no signs of ischemic heart disease and in 24 normal control subjects. This was done to assess global and regional left-ventricular (LV) function and to try to identify the presence of occult myocardial involvement among sarcoidosis patients. All 21 sarcoidosis patients had a normal resting left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and echocardiogram. An abnormal LV response to exercise was detected in 10 sarcoidosis patients in the form of a significant decrease in mean LVEF with exercise without concomitant clinical and ECG evidence of myocardial ischemia. Seven of these 10 patients were found to have a pathological increase in LV and systolic volume with exercise, although it did not achieve statistical significance. In addition, markedly abnormal regional septal wall motion was noted in two of these patients. In the remaining 11 sarcoidosis patients, mean LVEF increased significantly with exercise. This is the normal ejection fraction response to stress. These 11 patients also showed that LV end-systolic volume decreased with exercise; the decrease was from 40.8 to 27.9 ml (P = 0.0004). In the control group, the mean LVEF increased from 69.5 +/- 7.2 at rest to 78.5 +/- 7.6 with exercise (P less than 10(-6)). We conclude that postexercise echocardiography is a noninvasive, simple, and safe method to detect and to follow the course of possible occult myocardial sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Respiratory disease in animal house workers.

A cross-sectional survey was made to determine the prevalence of respiratory disorders, and the association between symptoms and workplace exposure, in 90 animal-house workers (AHW) and 100 controls (C) without occupational exposure to laboratory animals. Each subject provided a detailed history and serum for radioimmunoassays, and underwent: physical examination, skin testing with common inhalant and animal-derived antigens, and pulmonary function studies. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, smoking habits, and atopy. Rhinitis occurred with similar frequency in each group. However, a more frequent occurrence of asthma (p less than 0.05, non-specific infectious respiratory disease (p less than 0.005), and impaired pulmonary functions (p less than 0.001) was found among AHW. An atopic background was a predisposing factor for the development of laboratory-animal-related respiratory symptoms. These findings imply an increased vulnerability to respiratory disease related to workplace exposure to laboratory animals in atopic individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Sarcoidosis: a cause of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy after excision of malignant melanoma of the arm.

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy developed in a patient one year after excision of a malignant melanoma of the left arm. There were no signs of distant metastases. Hilar lymph node biopsy specimen obtained by mediastinoscopy showed multiple noncaseating granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis, without evidence of tumor cells. Sarcoidosis developing in the course of a preexisting neoplasm is rare, but must be considered in order to establish a proper diagnosis and withhold unnecessary treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and mediastinal lymph node metastases undergoing pulmonary resection.

Of 57 patients who were operated on for adenocarcinoma of the lung during the period 1966-1970, 18 with mediastinal lymph node metastases successfully underwent potentially curative pulmonary resection combined with complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. The 5-year survival rate was nil. In light of this poor outlook, we do not recommend surgery as the primary treatment of choice in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and known mediastinal lymph node metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗