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Biomedical subjects

G Kraus

Publications and source records attributed to G Kraus.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The modification of different element levels in human blood by occupational cadmium exposure].

The influence of occupational cadmium exposure on the electrolyte (Ca, Mg) and trace element (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) concentrations in blood, erythrocytes and serum was investigated. The study was performed at 62 cadmium exposed persons and 38 men not occupationally exposed. The cadmium blood levels of the workers from eight factories (cadmium electroplating, cadmium stearate processing and hard soldering) ranged from 1.0 to 23.7 micrograms Cd/l blood (median 4.2 micrograms/l), of the normal persons from 0.3 to 4.1 micrograms Cd/l blood (median 1.6 micrograms/l). Around 90% of the cadmium was found in the erythrocytes. The cadmium levels in serum were much lower and increased negligibly with elevated blood cadmium concentrations. An influence of cadmium on the concentrations of calcium, iron, copper and manganese in the blood compartments could not be found. In the compartments plasma and erythrocytes higher magnesium levels were detected in comparison to the normal group; a correlation to the cadmium levels did not exist. The medians for the zinc levels in blood, erythrocytes and serum in the exposed groups were significantly higher than the normal zinc levels and correlated with the blood cadmium levels. For blood samples with cadmium concentrations exceeding 10 micrograms/l the ratio of zinc to cadmium was reduced against zinc in spite of elevated zinc and increasing cadmium levels. A negative significant correlation was calculated for the relationships of cadmium and zinc in blood and erythrocytes. A significant change of the element concentrations in the sense of a transfer from one compartment to another was not detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Enzyme immunoassay for the determination of IgE antibodies specific to grass pollen allergens using monoclonal antibodies of the BL-IgE series. 2. Performance and results of a collaborative study to evaluate the test system].

This paper describes performance and results of a collaborative study in which the solid-phase enzyme immunoassay was tested in order to determine specific IgE under practical conditions. All titres of specific IgE can be differentiated in a reproducible way with high significance.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

[A contraceptive social marketing (CSM) program needs continuity of management: the Asociacion Demografica Salvadorena (ADS) in 1983].

The Association Demografica Salvadorena (ADS) learned an important lesson during 1983--a contraceptive social markeing (CSM) program needs continuity of management to ensure that all components remain inegrated and all actions are coordinated within the organization. Ever since in early 1983, ADS has not had an executive specifically assigned to run the CSM project and make the important month-by-month, tactical decisions that keep a program's activities focused on meeting sales goals. Instead, executive tasks were delegated on an ad hoc basis to ADS' administrative staff. Fortunately, the program's administrative design was well-developed, and ADS' dedicated personnel were able to effectively accomplish the daily business of keeping records and getting products out to retailers. Advertising, promotion and product development suffered, however. So the new executive or general manager will need to examine these areas 1st. Although El Salvador's CSM operates in unstable social and economic conditions, and despite a dramatic fall in condom sales last year, the ADS can still do much to increase its couple years of protection at costs significantly lower than those of clinic and community-based distribution systems. Research done thus far indicates a substantial demand for ADS products. Consequently, while not set in ideal conditions, physical distribution and marketing functions can be accomplished. But, as the ADS has discovered, even with a strong leader like Dr. Gustavo Argueta, CSM enterprises do not function automatically. Producing projected sales goals depends on the continuity of "hands-on" management.

Americas↗
PubMed1984

[Pharmacokinetic studies following intravenous, intramuscular and rectal administration of methohexital in children].

In pediatric patients methohexitone is used increasingly in different application forms for induction of anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of methohexitone were measured after rectal induction with 25 mg/kg, and after intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg in 10 children each aged 2-7 years and were compared with 4 children after intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the i.v. administered methohexitone were calculated and compared with the known pharmacokinetics in adults, showing that the open two-compartment-model is also applicable to children with a substantial shorter beta-half-life and a higher clearance. After rectal and i.m. induction with methohexitone the individual plasma concentrations scatter in a relatively wide range. The mean value curves of both application forms are similar with a maximum plasma concentration of 2.76 micrograms/ml between minutes 7-15 (rectal) respectively 2.6 micrograms/ml between minutes 15-30 (i.m.); 2 h later they are 0.57 micrograms/ml (rectal) and 1.03 micrograms/ml (i.m.). In contrast to the 100% available bioactivity of methohexitone after i.m. administration it amounts to only about 17% after rectal induction. As a result one can consider children to be able to eliminate methohexitone sufficiently in the observed plasma concentration range.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1983

A computerized food management system for an extended care unit.

Burnaby Hospital recently implemented a computerized Food Management System. The system is fully operational in the Extended Care Unit (ECU) and now is being introduced in the Acute Care Unit (ACU). The main goals for the new program were: cost savings, more effective use of foodservice employee time and skills, and better patient care. To date, the total time saved by use of the computerized system has been equivalent to one full time employee. The ECU dietitian's and the dietary technician's duties have been upgraded. The technician has been relieved of clerical tasks and has taken over some responsibilities formerly performed by the dietitian; the dietitian is able to perform more administrative and planning tasks; and the former ECU coordinator is manager of patient services and responsible for coordinating changes in the computer system. Research indicates that this system, designed and developed for Burnaby Hospital by Rick Hepting & Associates and running on an MAI Basic Four min computer, model 210, is unique among North American hospitals. Current applications include manipulation of patient diet information for automatic menu processing, food tallying, and production of nourishment labels. Future enhancements will take care of production reporting, standard recipe printouts, food cost analysis, and nutrient analysis. The system has valuable potential for use in other hospitals.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1982

[Methohexital for rectal anesthetic induction in children].

To induce anaesthesia, 100 children between 18 months and 7 years of age who had been selected for surgery or invasive diagnosis, received a 10% methohexitone solution in a dosage of 20-30 mg/kg body weight by rectal instillation. The time until onset of sleep, the pulse rate and blood pressure changes, duration of operation, recovery time and any special observations were recorded. Methohexitone concentrations in the plasma were measured in 7 children during rectal induction of anaesthesia. It was found that induction of anaesthesia in children by rectal application of 20-30 mg/kg body weight methohexitone is a safe procedure which does not cause discomfort to the children and is easily handled by the physician. The methohexitone levels in the plasma are not higher than those after intravenous administration.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗