Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

G Kosaki

Publications and source records attributed to G Kosaki.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Purification and characterization of a pancreas cancer-associated antigen from normal colonic mucosa.

Pancreas cancer-associated antigen (PCAAc) was extracted, isolated and purified from human normal colonic mucosa. Purified PCAAc from normal colonic mucosa was homogeneous, as determined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The PCAAc had a molecular weight of approximately 600 000 and consisted of 30% carbohydrate and 70% protein. It had an isoelectric point of 4.4, and migrated to the alpha 2-beta region on immunoelectrophoresis. It was apparently different from other known gastrointestinal mucus antigens. Antiserum against purified PCAAc did not react with normal human serum, pancreas, liver, spleen or lung, but did react with ascites fluid from a patient with pancreatic cancer. PCAAc appears to be a mucus antigen that is associated with pancreatic cancer.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Analysis of platelet phospholipids by high performance liquid chromatography.

Analysis of platelet phospholipids was attempted by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In order to separate phosphatidic acid (PA) in addition to phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), the mobile phase of Chen and Kou (J. Chromatogr., 227, 25-31, 1982) was modified. For the quantitative analysis, fluorescein was found to be a suitable internal standard. With these inventions, the amount of phospholipids could be determined within 30 min after lipid extraction and 10(7) platelets were required for one assay. Then, stimulus linked phospholipids breakdown was studied using HPLC and the results were compared with those by conventional 32P-thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. Similar results were obtained except that the amount of PA determined by TLC was much higher, probably due to active phosphorylation process. These observations suggest that the quantitative analysis of phospholipids could be achieved by our method with HPLC, which is advantageous over conventional methods in rapidity, no requirement of isotopes and determination of absolute amount of phospholipids.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1984

[Parenteral replacement of thyroid hormones].

Because of the development in parenteral nutrition, the replacement of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid or athyroid patients under intravenous hyperalimentation has become a new problem to be considered. We tried parenteral replacement of the hormones, intravenously or by enema, in three such patients. Two patients, 54 y-o and 64 y-o females, who underwent laryngo-esophago-thyroidectomy for cervical esophageal cancer or thyroid cancer, had replacement with intravenous l-thyroxine with an initial dose of 100 micrograms/day for 9 and 22 days, respectively. Another patient, a 56 y-o female with dysphagia due to local recurrence of cervical esophageal cancer after laryngo-esophago-thyroidectomy, was given 100 mg of desiccated thyroid by enema for 8 days followed by intravenous l-thyroxine for 104 days. Serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine and TSH before l-thyroxine treatment indicated severe hypothyroidism in all cases. During the first 7 days of the intravenous therapy, serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels increased by 0.87 +/- 0.14 microgram/dl/day and 6.7 +/- 4.7 ng/dl/day, respectively, while serum TSH levels decreased by 7.8 +/- 6.4 microU/ml/day. Plasma T4 levels reached the normal level within 7 days, and plasma T3 levels within 11 days, while it took 14 days for plasma TSH levels to decrease to the normal level. The maintenance dose checked by the normal TSH levels in a patient undergoing a long term therapy was 75 micrograms/day or 1.83 micrograms/kg of body weight/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Enema↗
PubMed1984

[Anti-tumor effects of adriamycin, 4'-Epi-adriamycin, THP-adriamycin and mitoxantrone on rat mammary cancer induced by 7,12-dimethyl benz (A) anthracene].

Comparative studies of the anti-tumor effects of Adriamycin, 4'-Epi-Adriamycin, THP-Adriamycin and Mitoxantrone on rat mammary cancer induced by 7, 12-DMBA were performed. All 4 drugs were effective on the tumors, three administrations of Adriamycin, 4'-Epi-Adriamycin or Mitoxantrone at 1-week intervals showed remarkable tumor regression in each group. Mitoxantrone was not so effective in comparison with the other 3 drugs. Decrease in the body weight of the rats was most remarkably observed in the Mitoxantrone-treated group.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1984

[Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery of malnourished cancer patients].

Based on assessment of 200 malnourished cancer patients of digestive organs, a multiparameter index of nutritional status was defined to relating the risk of postoperative complications to base line nutritional status. The linear predictive model relating the risk of operative complication, mortality or both to nutritional status is given by the relation: prognostic nutritional index (PNI) = 10 Alb. + 0.005 Lymph. C., where Alb. is serum albumin level (g/100 ml) and Lymph. C. is total lymphocytes count/mm3 peripheral blood. When applied prospectively to 189 gastrointestinal surgical patients those who were malnourished and treated by TPN preoperatively, this index provided an accurate, quantitative estimate of operative risk. In general, resection and anastomosis of gastrointestinal tract can be safely practiced when the index is over 45. The same procedure may be dangerous between 45 and 40. In below 40, this kind of operation may be contraindicated. The prognostic nutritional index is useful also to know the prognosis of patients with terminal cancer. Despite practicing TPN to cancer patients with near terminal stages, if the PNI remains below 40 and total lymphocytes count remains below 1,000/mm3, the patients has high possibility to die within the next two months.

Digestive System Neoplasms↗
PubMed1984

[Chronology of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid].

In order to study the chronological progress of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, clinical records and histological findings of 62 patients with the tumor were reviewed. Postoperative plasma calcitonin levels were examined in 54 patients. Among the patients with the disease of the hereditary type, those of 30 years of age younger with no lymph node involvement and a tumor weight less than 5 g were most likely to have normal plasma calcitonin levels postoperatively, provided total thyroidectomy were performed. The peak of age distribution of patients of the hereditary type without lymph node involvement was 15 years less than that of those with nodal involvement. In the sporadic type, there was no correlation between teh age and the nodal nodal involvement. Plasma calcitonin levels in the patients with residual tumor showed exponential increase according to the time course. The regression lines, log y = log a + bx (y: plasma calcitonin level, x: years after operation), were calculated in 23 patients followed 6 months or longer. The doubling time of the plasma calcitonin level (T2), given as 1/b log 2, correlated well with the tumor progression rate. T2 for patients of the hereditary type were 0.8 years or longer except for one. Four patients of the sporadic type with T2 of 0.1-0.3 year within 3 years after operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Induction and measurement of delayed hypersensitivity to OK-432].

This study was performed intending to demonstrate whether delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to OK-432 might augment the antitumor effect of intratumoral injection of OK-432. In this preliminary report, we showed that 1) DH to OK-432 was inducible in BALB/c mice by injecting 2KE of OK-432 with Freund's incomplete adjuvant into foot pads 2) DH was assayed by direct macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT) of Harrington's microdroplet method using 100 micrograms/ml of Su-M protein extracted from OK-432 as in vitro test antigen 3) the highest MI was observed in the second week after sensitization 4) strong and stable DH was induced after the second sensitization at the interval of two weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of 4'-Epi-adriamycin, THP-adriamycin and mitoxantrone on patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer].

The therapeutic effects of 4'-Epi-Adriamycin (Epi-ADR), THP-Adriamycin (THP-ADR) and Mitoxantrone on 30 patients with advanced and recurrent breast cancer were analyzed. Responders for Epi-ADR, THP-ADR and Mitoxantrone were 5/18, 3/8 and 2/8 respectively. Leukocytopenia less than 3000 was observed in 7/12 for Epi-ADR, 8/8 for THP-ADR and 7/8 for Mitoxantrone. Thrombocytopenia was found in 2 cases treated with Epi-ADR. Gastrointestinal disorders were observed in patients treated with Epi-ADR extensively with THP-ADR moderately and with Mitoxantrone slightly. Marked alopecia was remarkably seen in the patients treated with Epi-ADR, but it was only slight in those treated with THP-ADR and Mitoxantrone. No cardiotoxicity was recorded in any of the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radioimmunoassay for human pancreatic ribonuclease and measurement of serum immunoreactive pancreatic ribonuclease in patients with malignant tumors.

A method for radioimmunoassay of human pancreatic RNase was developed. The method is sensitive, reproducible, and specific. Almost no cross-reactivity exists between human pancreatic and liver RNases. A good correlation was observed between the serum concentration of pancreatic RNase as measured by radioimmunoassay and its enzymatic activity using polycytidylic acid as substrate. The concentration of serum pancreatic RNase correlates well with age, blood urea nitrogen, and albumin contents but does not correlate with serum amylase activity. Using the data of 52 patients with malignant tumors except pancreatic cancer, serum RNase level could be expressed by a multiple regression equation: Immunoreactive RNase content in pancreatic cancer was elevated in patients with complications from renal failure. Serum pancreatic RNase contents in patients with pancreatic cancer measured by radioimmunoassay agreed well with the values calculated using the equation derived from the data of patients with other malignant tumors.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of Ca2+-activated neutral protease inhibitor from human platelets.

An endogenous inhibitor of Ca2+-activated neutral protease (CANP) was purified to homogeneity from the soluble fraction of human platelets by the combination of heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified inhibitor was found to be a tetramer composed of identical subunits and each subunit has a molecular weight of 63 K. The purified protein exerted specific inhibition against the low Ca2+-requiring form of CANP (mu-CANP) purified from human platelets in the presence of micromolar concentration of Ca2+. The kinetic study revealed that the inhibition is non-competitive with Ki value of 3.2 X 10(-8) M.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of catecholamine release from isolated bovine adrenal medullary cells by various inhibitors: possible involvement of protease, calmodulin and arachidonic acid.

Acetylcholine and arachidonic acid induced catecholamine secretion from isolated bovine adrenal medullary cells. Protease inhibitors and calmodulin inhibitors inhibited catecholamine secretion induced by acetylcholine but did not inhibit the secretion induced by arachidonic acid. BW 755-C, a lipoxygenase inhibitor, inhibited catecholamine release induced by acetylcholine. These results suggest that a protease and calmodulin are involved in the successive reaction after stimulus-receptor coupling and arachidonic acid or its metabolites might be important in catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal medullary cells.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Radioimmunoassays for two types of human urinary ribonucleases: differential determination of ribonucleases in human serum.

We developed radioimmunoassays for two types of human urinary ribonucleases. The assays are sensitive, reproducible and specific. One human urinary ribonuclease (RNase UL) showed strong immunological identity with human pancreatic ribonuclease, and the other ribonuclease (RNase Us) showed strong immuno cross-reactivity with human liver ribonuclease. There was no immuno cross-reactivity between these two urinary ribonucleases. Serum immunoreactive RNase UL was eluted as four peaks on phosphocellulose chromatography, whereas immunoreactive RNase US was eluted as a single peak. Serum content of immunoreactive RNase UL was 354 +/- 105 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) in normal individuals, and that of immunoreactive RNase Us was 15.9 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). No correlation was demonstrated between these two ribonuclease contents in serum.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Proteochemical, immunological and enzymatic properties of two amylase components from human pancreatic juice.

Two amylase components were purified from human pancreatic juice and investigated for their proteochemical, immunological and enzymatic properties. The two components were similar in molecular weight, amino acid composition and immunoreactivity as determined by radioimmunoassay for the major component of pancreatic amylase. Their specific activity, optimal pH value, and stability were identical. Both were equally activated by chloride ion and their hydrolysis modes of various substrates were also identical. The only difference found between them was in the electrophoretic mobility in the peptide map, indicating that the difference was brought about by deamidation. The quantitative analysis of pancreatic amylase isozymes can provide information on the posttranslational modification in pancreatic tissue and/or in body fluids.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic significance of immunological assay of pancreatic elastases in acute pancreatitis.

Pancreatic elastases have been assumed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of the vascular injury in acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. We reported the purification and some properties of human pancreatic elastases. In the present study, the value of the determination of serum pancreatic elastases was investigated. 39 patients with acute hemorrhagic and acute edematous pancreatitis were studied. Serum elastase 1(E-1) and elastase 2(E-2) were measured by radioimmunoassay recently developed in our laboratory. The molecular form of exogenous and endogenous elastases in serum was studied by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The mean and standard deviation of serum pancreatic E-1 and E-2 were 1.49 +/- 0.49 ng/ml and 292 +/- 82 ng/ml, respectively. In acute pancreatitis, both E-1 and E-2 had markedly raised serum concentrations. However, no significant difference was observed between acute hemorrhagic and acute edematous pancreatitis. Endogenous immunoreactive E-1 and E-2 were present in serum in complex form with alpha 1-antitrypsin. In contrast, exogenous elastases were bound to alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Data processing for radioimmunoassay standard curve using microcomputer: a new BASIC program for weighted logit-log transformation.

A new BASIC program of the weighted linear, quadratic and cubic logit-log regression methods for data processing of radioimmunoassay standard curve was developed using a microcomputer. Using this program, three regression analyses are calculated and the table for root mean square of residuals in each regression are shown for the selection of the regression method. The data of three radioimmunoassays of human pancreatic enzymes and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor were examined by this program and compared with those processed by the four parameter logistic method. The weighted cubic logit-log regression showed better fit in radioimmunoassays of human pancreatic enzymes with larger molecular weights. The present program is useful and practicable for its simplicity and accuracy.

Computers↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of human pancreatic phospholipase A2 and development of a radioimmunoassay.

Human pancreatic phospholipase A2 was purified to homogeneity from pancreatic juice and a reliable radioimmunoassay for the enzyme was developed. The molecular weight of the enzyme as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 14,000. Phosphatidylcholine was hydrolyzed well in an alkaline pH range, and the optimum activity was obtained at pH 9. Calcium ion was indispensable for activity. The enzyme was stable to heat treatment at 60 degrees C for 5 min. The radioimmunoassay system was highly sensitive, reproducible and specific. The dilution curves for the sera of patients with acute pancreatitis were parallel to the standard curve. In healthy individuals, serum phospholipase A2 concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 7.9 ng/ml, the average being 5.1 ng/ml (S.D.: 1.7). In patients with acute pancreatitis, significant elevations of serum phospholipase A2 contents were observed, and the highest value found was 4,000 ng/ml.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of the neutral endopeptidase from human kidney.

The presence of an endopeptidase hydrolyzing succinyl trialanine-p-nitroanilide [Suc(Ala)3-pNA] to Suc(Ala)2 and Ala-pNA in human kidney and its partial characterization have been reported (Ishida et al. (1981) Biochem. Int. 3, 239-246). This neutral metallo-endopeptidase was separated into two fractions (A and B) on Sephacryl S-300 and fraction B was further purified to an electrophoretically pure state. The fraction B enzyme had a molecular weight of 100,000 and was inhibited by metal chelators such as EDTA, o-phenanthroline and phosphoramidon, but not by serine protease inhibitors. The enzyme was found to hydrolyze peptide bonds preferentially at the amino sides of hydrophobic amino acids such as Leu and Phe, when its specificity was studied using insulin B chain and angiotensin I. Fraction A seems to be a tetramer of fraction B, judging from its molecular weight, pI, substrate specificity and immunological properties.

Amino Acids↗