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Biomedical subjects

G Kolarz

Publications and source records attributed to G Kolarz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Binding affinity of ibuprofen to collagen and other connective tissue components].

In vitro binding of ibuprofen to various tissue components was studied to explain differences in tissue concentration after local application of ibuprofen cream (Dolgit Creme). Radioactive ibuprofen was incubated with human Collagen Type I to V, Elastine, bovine, Mouse-Laminin, and Matrigel of the mouse, respectively. In low concentrations--similar to plasmaconcentrations after percutaneous application of ibuprofen--a specific binding especially to Laminin and Collagen Type IV could be found. This finding possibly explains previous autoradiographic results, which showed higher concentrations of ibuprofen in connective tissue compared with fat and other surrounding tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Demonstration of a new antinuclear antibody (anti-RA33) that is highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis.

Using immunoblot analysis with soluble nuclear extracts from HeLa cells, we identified autoantibodies to an antigen with a molecular weight of approximately 33,000 in 36% of 95 sera from rheumatoid arthritis patients, but in only 1 of 170 controls. The antigen, termed RA33, was resistant to DNase and RNase digestion but sensitive to proteinase K treatment. There was no discernible relation to other autoantibodies. Thus, this newly described autoantibody appears to be highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Nonmedicamentous therapy procedures in rheumatology].

In a survey paper various non-medicamentous therapeutic approaches in rheumatology are described. The classical treatment methods such as operation and physical therapy are only mentioned, the possibilities of the ergotherapy, the manual therapy and several controversial non-medicamentous treatment methods such as laser therapy, magnetic field radiation, acupuncture and fasting cures are discussed more in detail. In connection with the post-operative rehabilitation is it particularly referred to the fact that in the regular case not the complete rehabilitation in the sense of an unrestricted functional capacity of the patient is to be achieved, but that an individual aim of rehabilitation depending upon age, activity and initial position of the patient must be established which shall lead to social independence and occupational reintegration, respectively.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1988

Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

This report gives a review on recent results of investigations of cellular aspects of inflammation. The role of macrophages and T-helper-cells with particular focus to the effects of the various mediators on their target cells will be discussed. Interleukin 1, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin 2, and Interferon as well as arachidonic acid metabolites contribute to the clinical findings of inflammation. We have to admit that the whole process of inflammation in rheumatic arthritis (RA) is not yet clear. For example we do not know in detail why RA is self perpetuating, why and when rheumatoid pannus occurs or under which circumstances immune complexes may cause the various organ manifestations. Recent findings are discussed.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Functional impairment of the sacroiliac joint after total hip replacement.

Fifty patients who underwent total hip replacement were examined within 3 months by two independent investigators with respect to functional impairment of the sacroiliac joint. Several well-defined clinical tests were used, e.g. spine test, standing flexion test, Menell's sign, tenderness of the sacroiliac joint. The results of both investigators were comparable, with corresponding results in 94 per cent. Nearly 30 per cent of the patients showed functional impairment of one sacroiliac joint. This finding may partly cause the gluteal or low back pains which are reported by patients after hip replacement.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Medical expert and consultation systems: review and examples for their use].

After a general introduction into the area of medical expert and consultation systems, a survey about different types of medical expert systems is given. The different objectives and modes of application of medical expert systems are presented and explained in detail. In the second part of this paper, the applicability of computer systems for fully automated interpretation of hepatitis serology findings in the clinical laboratory and for aiding differential diagnosis in internal medicine is described. With the examples given, it is demonstrated that expert systems for clinical decision aid can be of great benefit for the physician in the hospital or the doctor's office.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Problems in establishing the medical expert systems CADIAG-1 and CADIAG-2 in rheumatology.

CADIAG-1 and CADIAG-2 are medical expert systems with applications in rheumatology, gastroenterology, and hepatology. CADIAG-1 is based on a symbolic logic representation of medical relationships between symptoms, signs, or findings and diseases. Definite relationships (obligatory occurrence, confirming, and excluding) as well as uncertain relationships (facultative occurrence and not confirming) are applied to confirm or exclude diagnoses and to establish diagnostic hypotheses. CADIAG-2 employs fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic to formalize medical entities and relationships. The medical concept of confirming or excluding diagnoses is identical to that of CADIAG-1, but diagnostic hypotheses are generated differently. Here, a documentation of medical relationships allowing gradual transitions from "always" to "never" for the frequencies of occurrence of symptoms with and from "strong" to "weak" for their strengths of confirmation for diseases leads to strongly or weakly supported diagnostic hypotheses in the actual case. Tests with 322 real patient cases from a rheumatological hospital, each including between 500 and 700 symptoms, signs, and findings, were carried out. The percentage of cases diagnosed correctly is about 80%. Problems and pitfalls that became apparent in the evaluation of the cases are shown and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Representation and semiautomatic acquisition of medical knowledge in CADIAG-1 and CADIAG-2.

CADIAG-1 and CADIAG-2 (Computer-Assisted DIAGnosis) are medical expert systems especially designed for ill-defined areas such as internal medicine. Both systems are being tested in the setting of a medical information system. With respect to their knowledge representation, CADIAG-1 has obvious advantages in totally ill-defined areas such as syndromes in internal medicine, whereas CADIAG-2 seems more suited for domains with basic laboratory programs, e.g., hepatology or gall bladder and bile duct diseases. The formalization of relationships between medical entities led to first-order predicate calculus formulas in the case of CADIAG-1 and to a model based on fuzzy set theory in the case of CADIAG-2. In both systems two kinds of relationships between medical entities are considered: (1) necessity of occurrence and (2) sufficiency of occurrence. Statistical interpretations using the 2 X 2 table paradigm yield a way to calculate these relationships automatically from samples of patient data. Results obtained by exploiting 3530 patient records from a rheumatological hospital are presented. The described application is a machine-learning program that allows inductive learning from examples under statistical uncertainty.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1985

CADIAG: approaches to computer-assisted medical diagnosis.

CADIAG-1 is a medical expert system, based on a symbolic logic representation of medical relationships. Strong relationships such as confirming, excluding or obligatory occurrence are applied to confirm or exclude diagnoses. Weak relationships are represented by facultative and not confirming relationships (FN-relationships). Diagnostic hypotheses are established by systematic combination of symptoms showing FN-relationships. CADIAG-2, a medical expert system based on fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, allows detailed specification of medical relationships. Here the diagnostic process also provides confirmed and excluded diagnoses as well as diagnostic hypotheses. Hypotheses are calculated by considering fuzzy relationships between medical entities. 426 cases with rheumatic and 47 cases with pancreatic diseases were tested. For CADIAG-1, the overall accuracy for confirmation and hypothesis generation is calculated with 91.1% for rheumatic diseases and 100% for pancreatic diseases. CADIAG-2 reached an overall accuracy of 93.7% for rheumatic cases and 91.5% for pancreatic cases.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1984

HLA antigens and toxicity to gold and penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis.

One hundred sixty-eight patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with chloroquine (n = 87), gold salts (n = 133) and/or penicillamine (n = 77) were investigated for possible associations between HLA antigens and toxic reactions. Patients with 2 or more side effects to gold and/or penicillamine had a significantly increased frequency of antigens HLA-B8 and DR3 compared to patients with one or without adverse reactions. Proteinuria to gold or penicillamine was significantly associated with HLA-B8 (relative risk [RR] 4.2) and DR3 (RR 14.0) whereas nonnephrologic side effects to gold or penicillamine were associated with B7 and DR2 (RR 3.5 and 2.8). Patients with skin reactions to gold had a significantly greater frequency of HLA-B7. We found no correlation between chloroquine side effects and any HLA antigen. The results suggest a genetic predisposition to toxic reactions to gold or penicillamine based on an immunologic dysregulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Value of clinical symptoms in ankylosing spondylitis].

3552 patients suffering from various rheumatic disorders were studied with respect to the significance of those clinical symptoms which are part of the internationally accepted diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. Of these patients, 36 suffered from ankylosing spondylitis, 863 from degenerative and soft tissue disorders with pains in the lumbar spine. It could be demonstrated that these clinical symptoms are not sufficient to statistically separate the various groups of patients with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the positive predictive value of a symptom varies not only with respect to the specificity of this symptom for a disease but also to the occurrence of the disease in the population. If the disease occurs rarely a specific symptom may show a low positive predictive value whereas a less specific symptom in a common disease may have a higher positive predictive value.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Important side effects of non-steroidal antirheumatic agents].

Side effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs are divided in three groups: unwanted effects resulting from the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, side effects specific for certain drugs, and side effects due to application of drugs in general. Prior to the prescription of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs the risk of side effects has to be balanced against the expected benefits, the patient has to be informed about possible side effects and their symptoms.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1982

The use of questionnaires in the evaluation of the functional capacity in rheumatoid arthritis.

The functional capacity of 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was assessed by means of two systems of investigation. Three different questionnaires were used. One set of each was filled out by the patient himself; the other with the help of the occupational therapist. The results obtained were tested for their reliability. In addition they were also compared to the Ritchie-Index (method of simple measurement of disease activity) of thirty patients. The disability of each patient could be assessed with sufficient precision. A correlation to the Ritchie-Index was also registered.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

Dermatoglyphics and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Finger tip and palmar dermatoglyphics of 37 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were compared to 100 female controls; patients and controls were native inhabitants of the Eastern part of Austria. SLE patients had a significantly higher frequency of low endings of line A on both hands, and-on the left hand-significantly more patterns in the fourth and fewer patterns in the third interdigitum. There was no association between these dermatoglyphic features and the HLA antigens (B8 an DRw3), which occurred most frequently in our SLE patients.

Adult↗